Visited Tourist Destinations Research Articles

Revisiting the Facilitators of Social Media Adoption within the Tourism Sector: An Empirical Investigation in an Emerging Economy

Aim: This study aims to investigate the factors facilitating social media adoption within the tourism sector of an emerging economy. Background: Social media has emerged as a transformative agent within the global tourism industry, fundamentally altering the ways in which tourists engage, disseminate information, and make travel-related decisions. However, the integration of social media platforms within emerging economies poses distinctive challenges and opportunities Objective: The primary objective of this research is to discern the drivers underpinning social media utilization within the tourism sector of an emerging economy, while also comprehending their implications for destination management, sustainable tourism practices, and economic advancement. This study operates within a considered framework to delineate the intricate interplay between social media dynamics and the broader tourism landscape. Methods: Employing a survey methodology, data was collected from local tourists visiting tourist destinations in Ghana, an emerging economy situated in West Africa, to elucidate their patterns of social media usage and associated motivations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to rigorously analyze the data and discern the key enablers driving social media utilization within the tourism sector. Results: The findings reveal that factors such as information accessibility, behavioral objectives, tourism satisfaction, and destination perception emerge as pivotal enablers fostering social media adoption within Ghana's tourism sector. Moreover, the study underscores the positive impact of social media usage on tourist satisfaction and loyalty, underscoring its significance in shaping visitor experiences. Conclusion: This study underscores the imperative of comprehensively understanding the enablers of social media utilization within the tourism sector of emerging economies. Hence, by explaining these dynamics, stakeholders can make informed strategic decisions regarding destination management, foster sustainable tourism practices, and propel economic development within the region.

Chemometric evaluation, source apportionment, and health risk analysis of natural spring water in Murree, outer Himalayas

IntroductionContamination of water is a critical threat to human health at a global level. Water pollutants, such as heavy metals, can have adverse effects on the well-being of humans, animals, and the natural ecosystem of a region. Study AreaMurree is the most visited tourist destination in Pakistan. The rural population of Murree uses natural spring water for drinking, household use, and irrigation. MethodsThis study assessed the elemental concentration of water from 20 natural springs in Murree using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Source apportionment and spatial distribution of heavy metals were assessed using statistical approaches such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and interpolation. The study assessed the quality of water for drinking and irrigation in Murree's natural spring water using the metal index, sodium absorption ratio, magnesium absorption ratio, percentage sodium, Kelly's ratio, and salinity hazard. The health risks associated with heavy metals were assessed by computing Average daily dose, Hazard quotient, Hazard Index, and Cancer Risk. ResultsThe mean concentration of metals in mgL-1 varied in the following order: Ca (51.23) > Na (22.3) > Mg (16.26) > Si (6.51) > K (1.59) > Se (1.17) > Sr (0.48) > Ba (0.209) > Al (0.060) > Li (0.015) > Zn (0.005) > Fe (0.0033) > Ni (0.0032) > Cr (0.001). Metal index was calculated for Al (0.3), Ba (0.29), Cr (0.024), Ni (0.14), Fe (0.004), Zn (0.002), Sr (0.07), Mg (0.32), and Ca (0.25), revealing low levels of metal pollution. The geology of the study area was identified as the primary source of heavy metals in the water. The estimated values of health hazards showed that ingestion is the primary exposure pathway, with children having a higher risk. The health hazards posed by the heavy metal contact from the waters of Murree are not alarming. Quality indices show that the irrigation water sourced from the natural springs is of satisfactory quality. ConclusionThe study concluded that the spring water of Murree has low concentrations of heavy metals; their concentration is dependent upon the geology of the study area and is good for drinking and irrigation.

Social media vlogs and e-wom on man-made tourism destination: Insights from Indonesia

The use of social media Vlogs and WOM has not been thoroughly researched to stimu-late the intention to visit tourist destinations, especially man-made destinations. Howev-er, social media is currently an effective promotion and branding tool. The purpose of this study is to test whether e-WOM and social media vlogs have an impact on interest in visiting tourist destinations, whether social media vlogs have an impact on e-WOM, and whether e-WOM can be a moderating variable. The object of research is tourists who have visited man-made destinations in Indonesia, with a total of 414 respondents. Data collection is done through an online survey using Google Forms. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze all hypotheses using SmartPLS 4.0 statistical software. The findings showed that social media vlogs and eWOM effectively drive in-tention to visit artificial tourism destinations, with eWOM positively moderating the relationship between social media vlogs and intention to visit. These results make a sig-nificant contribution to tourism theory and practice in formulating the most appropriate marketing promotion strategy for man-made tourism destinations today.

Antaseden dan Konsekuensi Dari Tourist Satisfaction Wisatawan Curug Tilu Leuwi Opat di Ciwangun Indah Camp

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of destination image on revisit intention mediated by tourist satisfaction Three Waterfalls of Leuwi Opat at Ciwangun Indah Camp. To achieve this goal, a survey method was used involving 120 respondents who were experienced in visiting tourist destinations that were the object of research. The data collection technique used is cross-sectional studies or one shot study. The instrument has passed the validity and reliability test which includes convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. The data analysis technique used is structural equation modeling (SEM) using smartPLS tool version 3.0. From the ten proposed research hypotheses, there are four research hypotheses that are not supported by empirical data. The findings of this study show that unique image affects revisit intention, then affective image affects revisit intention through tourist satisfaction. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for further research and for managers of objects assessed in the tourism industry that are similar to designing strategies relevant to improving the quality of these attributes.

The Influence of Souvenir Shopping and Destination Image on Digital Advocacy Behavior Through Tourist Satisfaction in Magetan District, Indonesia

Introduction: This research aims to analyze tourist behavior after visiting tourist destinations in the Magetan district, namely how satisfaction can encourage tourists to advocate for others through digital devices and social media. Theoritical Reference This research uses consumer behavior theory, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as grand theories. This research is quantitative research with a survey method. Research variables studied Souvenir Shopping, Destination Image, Tourist Satisfaction, and Digital Advocacy Behavior. Method: Research variables studied Souvenir Shopping, Destination Image, Tourist Satisfaction, and Digital Advocacy Behavior. The population is all visitors to tourist destinations in Magetan Regency, a sample of which was taken as many as 267. The research hypotheses are 5 direct influences and 2 mediating influence hypotheses. Data testing uses Path Analysis and Sobel Test. Results and discussion: The research results show that first, the Souvenir Shopping and Destination Image variables partially influence Tourist Satisfaction. Second, the variables Souvenir Shopping, Destination Image, and Tourist Satisfaction also partially influence Digital Advocacy Behavior. Third, the Tourist Satisfaction variable can mediate the influence of the Souvenir Shopping and Destination Image variables on Digital Advocacy Behavior. Conclusion: What can be concluded from this research is that both satisfaction and dissatisfaction with tourist visits, the experience of shopping for souvenirs, and the experience of enjoying tourist destinations can encourage tourists who have visited tourist destinations in the Magetan district to advocate for other people so they are willing to visit. Managers of tourist destinations in Magetan need to maintain and develop the image of tourist destinations by creating new concepts and maintaining the uniqueness and convenience of shopping for souvenirs so that publicity by tourists through Digital Advocacy always increases.

Brand equity and consumer buying behavior: Determinants of intentions to visit- tourism destinations in Cavite, Philippines

By highlighting the four dimensions that constitute brand equity, and the four factors that influence the selection and decisions of consumers, this research aimed to assist tourist destination owners and managers in creating a brand and knowing their target market and their preferences when it comes to spending their money. The descriptive correlational and comparative methods were employed on 339 BSTM students during the first semester of SY 2022-2023. This study revealed that majority of the guests were female, young, with a family earning above minimum wage in a month, and living in the urban areas of Cavite. Perceived quality and Psychological factors came out to be the most dominant factors they considered in visiting tourist destinations. There is no significant difference in the perceived brand equity when grouped according to their demographic profile. There is no significant difference in the respondents’ buying behavior when grouped according to their demographic profile. There is a significant relationship between perceived brand equity and buying behavior. This study recommends that a step-by-step approach should be used, from identifying who the brand is to emphasizing its points of uniqueness and user profile. Customers may therefore positively assess and develop a link that will lead to an enduring and unbreakable bond, which shapes and impacts their purchasing decision. The analysis of this study concludes that Tourism Destinations in Cavite with higher levels of brand equity would generate higher levels of customer visits. Also, consumer buying behavior was associated with more willingness to visit a destination.

The Influence of Smart Tourism Destinations on Revisit Intention

This research analyzes tourists’ revisit intentions at Indonesia’s Kulon Progo tourist attraction. Intention to revisit is predicted by smart tourism destination and destination image. The mediating effect of destination image on the intention to revisit is also analyzed in this research. This research is quantitative research using a survey of respondents. This study included 200 respondents who visited tourist destinations in the Kulonprogo area. The data analysis technique uses PLS-SEM. The research results show that the revisit intention model, influenced by smart tourism destination and destination image, is acceptable. Destination image affects directly to revisit intention. STD affects the destination image, and STD affects the revisit intention to Kulonprogo destination

Exploring the Impact of Influencer Marketing on Brand Equity: A Mediation Analysis Involving Brand Awareness and Customer Brand Engagement

This research aims to examine the influence of influencer marketing on overall brand equity, which is mediated by Brand Awareness and customer brand engagement. In this research, the population used is Indonesian people who are familiar with tourism. In this condition, people have visited or are visiting tourist destinations. The number of samples taken was 290 respondents. This research data was obtained using an online survey questionnaire via Google Form with a measurement scale using a 5-point Likert scale. This research is descriptive research using quantitative methods. The analysis tool used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with data analysis techniques using the Smart-PLS version 3.0 application. All the hypotheses proposed in this study have a positive and significant impact. The research findings confirm the mediating role of variables such as brand awareness and customer brand engagement in the relationship between influencer marketing and overall brand equity. In this context, influencer marketing can influence overall brand equity both directly and through mediator variables. The results of this study are expected to serve as an alternative solution for stakeholders in the tourism industry to formulate marketing strategies in the digital era.

Development of Integrated Tourism Destinations Based on Contextual Marketing vis-à-vis Digital Marketing

The tourism sector has experienced expansion, diversification, and intensification of sustainable management as one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors in the world because it is developed in an integrated manner based on contextual or conventional marketing and virtual marketing, called digital marketing at once. This research article analyzes and explains the importance of contextual marketing as the basis of the value creation process for the development of integrated tourism destinations. The data, information, and knowledge regarding the focus on the research locus in the Province of South Sulawesi Indonesia were obtained through observations of several leading tourism destinations along with the author’s experience of visiting tourist destinations in the country and abroad as benchmarking. In addition, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders on tourism destinations. Qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out following an interactive model which included data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and verification or concluding. The results of the study found that the development of integrated tourism destinations based on contextual marketing strategies is related to generic marketing functions that are applied to strengthen tourism functions as a leading sector of sustainable multi-dimensional development. The development is carried out contextually or conventionally and virtually or referred to as tourism marketing in the air while still revitalizing the content, context, and infrastructure of tourism marketing. The success of integrated tourism development in the eyes of the public can be seen from the existence of social learning and knowledge creation processes that form a harmonious partnership-collaborative relationship in a Hexa-helix pattern. The basic values and value orientation of integrated tourism destination development both contextually and virtually or digitally marketing can be achieved when togetherness has become a necessity that is practiced. The effectiveness of its implementation is carried out - at least - through the 7-C’s public relations communication (PRC) approach which consists of credibility, context, content, clarity, continuity and consistency, channels, and capability of the audience as the basis of digital marketing.
 Keywords: tourism destinations, marketing mix, contextual marketing, digital marketing, hexa-helix

Risk and consumer fear of visiting tourist destinations in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic

Risk and consumer fear of visiting tourist destinations in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic

Analyzing Tourism Brand Loyalty and E-Marketing Development in Bali, Indonesia

This study is aimed at determining the factors that lead to long-term brand loyalty among tourists visiting tourist destinations and the effectiveness of e-marketing measures in developing tourism in Bali. It specifically looked at four aspects, including service quality, brand image, brand awareness, and customer satisfaction to determine which was the most important to the tourists. This study adopts a mixed-method approach, primarily using quantitative methods supported by qualitative research to obtain a better understanding of the case. It involved 200 tourists who had visited Bali twice or more. The quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis and the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings revealed that brand loyalty is formed by brand image, service quality, brand awareness, and customer satisfaction, with customer satisfaction being the strongest factor, while brand image and service quality are less likely to be considered, and the development of e-marketing using popular social media and an integrated web is required to expand the target market.

Kajian Dampak Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat sebagai Pendukung Sustainable Development terhadap Peningkatan Wisatawan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

The issue of sustainability has become the focus of attention of practitioners, governments and researchers in all contexts, including the tourism sector, so it is important to examine the impact of one form of tourism sustainability, namely community based tourism (CBT) on tourists' desire to revisit tourism destinations. This study aims to examine perceptions of CBT performance on satisfaction and its impact on revisit intention and word of mouth (WOM) intention. This research uses primary data by distributing questionnaires online. The characteristics of the respondents in this research are people who have visited tourist destinations in DI Yogyakarta. A total of 168 respondents were collected. Data were analyzed using structural equation models using SmartPLS 3.2.9 software. The tests carried out consisted of testing the measurement model and testing the inner model. The research results show that the performance of community based tourism (CBT) has a significant effect on tourist satisfaction, tourist satisfaction has a significant effect on intention to revisit, and tourist satisfaction has a significant effect on word of mouth. The results of this research suggest that tourism developers and the government can collaborate and regularly measure CBT performance so that they continue to provide pleasant services and experiences to tourists so that tourists visit again and even voluntarily invite other people to visit tourist destinations.

PENGARUH SOCIAL COMPARISON TERHADAP ENVY DAN NIAT MENGUNJUNGI DESTINASI WISATA DI INSTAGRAM

Social media has become a place to share experiences when visiting tourist destinations. This research focuses on a phenomenon that is often experienced by Instagram social media users, namely comparing themselves with friends who uploaded interesting travel experiences and feeling envious. The data used in this study are 100 Instagram users who meet the criteria. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires online. The results of the study shows that Instagram users who are involved in social comparisons, especially upward social comparisons, can feel envy, which creates an intention to visit tourist destinations uploaded by friends. Upward social comparison also directly influences the intention to visit tourist destinations. The theoretical implications of this study explains the mechanism in the relationship between social comparison, envy and the intention to visit tourist destinations. This research also explains the managerial implications that are useful in developing marketing strategies on social media.

GREENING THE TOURISTS: ANALYZING THE DRIVERS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE TOURISM BEHAVIOR

The concept of green tourism has started to gain attention since it is seen as a practice that can reduce carbon emissions, environmental degradation, and detrimental impacts on the environment and tourists' activities. As the main actors within the tourism industry, tourists are also encouraged to start to have concerns for the environment when they visit a destination. This study attempts to identify the driving factors of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior by examining how green mindfulness, green knowledge, and individual green value of tourists influence attitudes towards green tourism, which then affect their intention and conduct to participate in green tourism. Through the quantitative method, this study employs a survey administered to 330 respondents who visited tourist destinations in West Java Province, Indonesia. The data obtained is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Green mindfulness, knowledge, and individual values positively influence tourists' attitudes toward green tourism. Furthermore, attitude toward green tourism leads to the intention to participate in green tourism and eventually to environmentally responsible tourism behavior. This study forms a framework that explains the formation of pro-environmental behavior from visitors who have positive views, perceptions, and values toward the environment. Managers of tourist attractions can look for ways or alternatives to increase green mindfulness, knowledge, and value from tourists. Even though the visitors themselves can own this, the manager can grow it by providing information about green tourism on their website, social media, brochures, or information channels. This study offers new insight into how to boost the environmentally responsible behavior of tourists while visiting tourism destinations by utilizing the extended theory of planned behavior. It sheds light on green tourism from the side of the tourists by establishing the model of green tourists' behavior.

Web-Based Tourism Geographic Information System in Banggai Laut Regency

Banggai Laut Regency has abundant natural resources, both in the form of marine resources and from various produce. abundant resources in Banggai Laut Regency, making this district one of the places that have tourist destinations. Some of the tourist attractions that can be found in Banggai Laut Regency are very diverse including natural tourism, cultural tourism and tourist villages. Limited information about the types of tourism, the distribution of tourist locations, tourist maps are the causes of the undeveloped tourist attractions in the Banggai Laut Regency area. This research raises the issue of how to create a web-based tourism geographic information system in Banggai Laut Regency. The purpose of this study is to create a web-based tourism geographic information system. The method used in this study is the prototyping system development method. This research produces a web-based tourism geographic information system in Banggai Laut Regency. With the existence of a geographic information system, it can help tourists to be able to find out how the description of tourist attractions, tourist maps, and information about tourist attractions to be visited, so that tourists get detailed information in traveling and visiting tourist destinations and help the local government, especially the Tourism Office in promoting tourist attractions in Banggai Laut Regency.

Technical Negotiations and Phenomena: Capturing Social Media, and Enchantment in Indonesian Tourism

This study aims to measure the influence of Instagram influencers and their relationship in giving the image of a destination to the interest of tourists visiting tourist destinations in Indonesia. Furthermore, it identifies photo-taking techniques in framing phenomena, events, or the ambience of tourist objects. This is related to the role of influencers and social media that dominates the tourism aspect in the era of the Internet of Things. This study uses a quantitative approach accompanied by a descriptive description. The primary data were 29 Instagram influencers who shared their travels, which were obtained by distributing questionnaires from August to September 2021. The data obtained were then processed and analyzed using SPSS26 modelling software. The results showed that 1) most of the influencers chose to upload photos or videos of the location along with the influencer himself (41,365), 2) influencers chose to use long shot camera shot size (46.46%) to be able to show the location of tourist destinations better, 3) in terms of using angle, 2,356 respondents (54.16%) used eye level shots, and 4) 2,255 (51.84%) used to post photos with cold colour schemes when taking pictures. Based on the statistical data, social media influencers affect purchase intention. Therefore, these image indicators of tourist attractions in quality and track record need to be considered by managers to prepare places that cater to influencers as tourism promotion agents.
 Keywords: Influencer, social media, phenomena, tourism, Indonesia, photography technique

History, Tourist Attraction and Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) on Visiting Decisions at Jambi City Tourist Destinations

The expansion of the tourism area is currently directed to re-introduce and raise the historical value of tourist destinations, the economic level and income of local communities in developing micro-enterprises and the creative economy around tourist areas. To promote natural, cultural, artificial and other tourist destinations in Jambi City, the Jambi City Tourism and Culture Office (DISPARBUD) uses social media and websites to inform the public about the potential of tourist destinations in Jambi City, namely through the website https://disparbud.jambikota.go.id/sejarah/ and several Instagram accounts, namely @danau.sipin, @tp_pkk_danau_sipin, @jambiparadise, @kampoengradja, then to what extent and how the contribution and role of electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) in helping the city government and local communities to increase the progress of tourist destinations in the Jambi City area. Researchers use an exploratory type of research, namely a research approach that aims to find information, data and facts about a topic or problem that is not yet fully understood by a researcher. The data used in this study are primary data that can be obtained from direct interviews and through distributing questionnaires via Google Forms. The sample selection technique is based on chance, namely, anyone who incidentally meets the researcher and is willing to become a sample if it is deemed that the person who happened to be met is suitable for the data source. The sample in this study was local people in Jambi City, totalling 114 people. The findings of the results obtained that the variables of historical value and attractiveness of tourist destinations show significant results on visiting interest, while the eWOM variable has not shown a level of significance to the visiting decision variable. Therefore, to increase interest in visiting tourist destinations, it is necessary to synchronize information and data from tourist destination managers, local governments, tour guides, and local wisdom related to historical value, accessibility, and accurate infrastructure so that when the information is conveyed through eWOM, users are no longer confused or exhausted from the information obtained. Abundant and accurate information no longer complicates the decision-making process to determine the optimal visiting decision.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Revisit Intention Wisatawan Kawah Putih

This study is intended to examine the effect of visitor engagement on revisit intention which is mediated by the memorable tourism experience of tourists at the Kawah Putih tourist destination in Bandung Regency. The instruments used in this study have passed the construct validity test, advance validity test, concurrent validity test, and reliability test. The instrument was used as a data collection tool from respondents, namely domestic tourists with a minimum age of 17 years who already had experience visiting tourist destinations which were the objects assessed in this study as many as 100 people. The data collection technique used is cross-sectional or one shot study. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25 and using the Sobel test. The findings of this study indicate that enthusiasm and absorption partially affect revisit intention. Future research can propose other concepts that are thought to have a positive effect on revisit intention. The results of this study are also useful for the management of the object being assessed and similar tourism industries regarding the design of strategies that are relevant to improving the quality of these attributes.

BL Kontribusi Affective Image Terhadap Peningkatan Revisit Intention Wisatawan Candi Cangkuang

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of destination image on revisit intention mediated by tourist satisfaction at Cangkuang Temple in Garut Regency. To achieve this goal using a survey method with questionnaires and respondents as many as 100 people with a minimum age of 17 years who have experience visiting tourist destinations that are the object of research. The data collection technique used is cross-sectional or one shot study. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25 and using the Sobel test. Of the ten proposed research hypotheses, there are five hypotheses that successfully reject H0. The findings of this study indicate that affective image have a positive effect on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction. Meanwhile, the use of other concepts to directly influence revisit intention can be proposed by future researchers. The results of this study are also useful for the management of the object being assessed and the similar tourism industry regarding the design of strategies that are relevant to improving the quality of these attributes.

The Names of Accommodation and Food Service Establishments in the Linguistic Landscape of the Historical Centre of Zadar

This paper analyses the linguistic landscape of the Zadar peninsula, starting from the assumption that the linguistic landscape of the old town, as a frequently visited tourist destination, is driven by tourist demand, and affected by globalization. The research is based on a corpus of 582 photographs collected between June and September 2019. The paper uses a quantitative approach to examine a part of the corpus, i.e., 197 names of accommodation and food service establishments, since it is the category often found to be the most revealing of the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards language choices. This approach aims to determine the distribution and role of foreign languages, as well as the standard and regional Croatian forms, in the chosen context. Due to the long Venetian dominance and the fact that Zadar was part of Italy from 1918 until the Italian capitulation in 1943, particular emphasis is placed on the use of Italian in the linguistic landscape of Zadar’s historical centre.