Perfect Vision Research Articles

Importance of Grading Cataracts in Predicting Recovery Time and Final Visual Outcomes After Cataract Surgery.

Cataracts have been considered as one of the major causes for reducing the vision-related quality of life and increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality among the general population. This study aimed to assess the importance of grading cataracts in predicting recovery time and final visual outcomes after cataract surgery. A retrospective consecutive case review of elective cataract surgeries performed in a tertiary care hospital during a three-year period from 2019 to 2021 was studied. The postoperative visual status was correlated with grading. The reports of this study implicate the fact that 16.4% of the patients had grade 1 anterior segment cataracts. Visual acuity of perfect vision (6/6P) was obtained in 24% of patients, and 41.2% of patients had grade 1 anterior segment cataract surgery on day 1 (p<0.005). Perfect vision at 6/6 visual acuity was obtained in 24% of patients, and 27.5% of patients had grade 2 anterior segment cataract surgery in week 1 (p<0.05). The study shows that patients with grade 1 anterior segment cataract surgery had a better visual recovery time and visual outcome. The grading system of cataracts has further shown improvement in the vision care of the patients, along with showing reliability and monitoring of cataract formation.

Safety and Effectiveness of Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Using the Teneo 317 Model 2 for Correcting Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism: Results of the U.S. FDA Clinical Trial.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new aspheric ablation profile for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism. This prospective, multicenter study included patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using a new aspheric ablation profile of the Technolas Teneo 317 (Model 2) excimer laser (version 1.28 US SW) by Technolas Perfect Vision, Bausch+Lomb, Inc. No nomogram adjustments were made, and the patient's manifest refraction was entered into the laser (for treatment). Postoperative assessments included visual and refractive outcomes. Patients were asked to complete the Patient-Reported Outcomes With LASIK (PROWL) questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively. A total of 333 eyes from 168 patients with a mean age of 33 ± 7 years were included. At postoperative 9 months, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities of 20/25 or better were seen in 97.8% and 100% of eyes, respectively. None of the eyes lost two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity. The mean manifest spherical refraction improved from -5.67 ± 2.52 diopters (D) preoperatively to -0.04 ± 0.32 D postoperatively, with 92.7% of eyes achieving residual refractive error within ±0.50 D. Residual refractive cylinder within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D was seen in 93% and 99.4% eyes, respectively. The refractive outcomes were stable throughout the follow-up of 9 months. The proportion of patients satisfied with their vision rose from 27.7% preoperatively to 98.1% postoperatively. LASIK performed using a new aspheric ablation profile of the Technolas Teneo 317 (Model 2) excimer laser is safe and effective for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism, yielding excellent visual and refractive outcomes that were stable over 9 months. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(8):e544-e553.].

Surgical technique for aspiration of soft lens nucleus with preoperative femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation

This study was conducted to develop a non-ultrasound technique for aspiration of a soft lens nucleus after its preliminary femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation. The study included 63 patients (63 eyes) aged 23 to 40 years who underwent surgery. In 27 cases, early or immature cataract was observed, and in 36 cases, cataract removal was performed for refractive purposes in high myopia and complex myopic astigmatism. The VICTUS femtosecond laser surgical system (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH, Germany) was used for preliminary fragmentation of the lens nucleus. Surgeries were performed using the Centurion Vision System phacoemulsifier (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., USA). The volume of the required irrigation solution was evaluated during the surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed. The surgery was performed without complications in all cases. Capsulorhexis edge was completely preserved along its entire circumference. The study showed the fundamental possibility of aspirating a cataract with a nucleus of grade I-II density without low-frequency ultrasound after preliminary femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation of the nucleus with a "grid" pattern, which ensures minimal fragment size in the central zone of the nucleus. The volume of irrigation solution required for aspiration of the nucleus was 36.0 (27.0; 44.0) ml, which does not significantly differ from the volume of solution during ultrasound phacoemulsification of a nucleus of such density. Femtosecond laser-assisted fragmentation of the lens nucleus with a "grid" pattern and phacoemulsifier systems with a high vacuum level allow effective aspiration of a soft lens without using low-frequency ultrasound.

The first experience of using femtosecond laser in the treatment of anterior capsular contraction syndrome

The study was performed to develop a femtosecond laser-assisted technique for anterior capsulotomy in anterior capsular contraction syndrome and assess its preliminary results in preventing the progression of pathological changes in the capsular bag. The examination and femtosecond laser-assisted treatment without additional surgical intervention was performed in 6 patients (6 eyes) aged 69 to 73 years with anterior capsular contraction syndrome. Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy was performed using the VICTUS system (Technolas Perfect Vision, Germany). Capsulotomy diameter was 4.0-4.5 mm, laser radiation energy - 9000 nJ, laser exposure depth 900-1000 μm. The diameter of the anterior capsulotomy before treatment was 2.85 mm [2.75; 2.93]. After 1 month, the diameter of the anterior capsular opening was 2.88 mm [2.78; 2.96] (p>0.05). One year after femtosecond laser intervention, the anterior capsulotomy opening was almost the same shape and diameter - 2.84 mm [2.74; 2.94] (p>0.05). Femtosecond laser-assisted circular capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for preventing the progression of anterior capsular contraction syndrome in the absence of severe IOL decentration and for maintaining the diameter of the anterior capsular opening of at least 2.5-3.0 mm.

Refractive Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Patients With Intrastromal Femtosecond Laser Treatment of Presbyopia (INTRACOR).

To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients who underwent intrastromal femtosecond laser treatment of presbyopia (INTRACOR). This was an interventional case series of 8 patients (10 eyes) who presented for cataract surgery 6.1 ± 3.2 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) after INTRACOR (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH) treatment. A monofocal IOL was implanted in 9 eyes (7 patients) and a small-aperture IOL was implanted in 1 eye. The IOL power was calculated without adjustments using biometry obtained after the INTRACOR treatment. For additional calculations, keratometry obtained before the INTRACOR treatment was used. Postoperative examinations included visual acuity testing, manifest refraction, defocus curve, ocular biometry, corneal tomography, aberrometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and slit-lamp examination. After the cataract surgery, the mean ± SD uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.37 ± 0.17 logMAR, the corrected distance visual acuity was 0.10 ± 0.10 logMAR, and the manifest refraction spherical equivalent, adjusted to infinity, was +0.39 ± 0.63 diopters (D). Intermediate and near visual acuity, both uncorrected and distance-corrected, and distance-corrected defocus curves varied considerably among patients. Using biometry performed after INTRACOR, the traditional IOL power calculation formulas produced hyperopic outcomes, with the mean ± SD prediction error ranging from +0.72 ± 0.34 to +0.96 ± 0.41 D. Although the mean ± SD prediction error decreased (range: -0.34 ± 0.56 to -0.15 ± 0.53 D) when using keratometry obtained before INTRACOR, the accuracy remained low due to high variability. In patients with cataract who had previous INTRACOR treatment, IOL power calculation could be inaccurate, with a tendency toward hyperopic outcomes. These results require confirmation in more extensive studies. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(10):676-682.].

‘Lotus and the Dagger’: A Reading of Vedantic Nationalism of Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo’s ideas of nationalism are eclectic, deriving their tradition from Hindu spiritualism, the vision of perfection in man as an entity, and intense esoteric realisation in the mystical philosophy of supramental consciousness of the being, as expounded in the Vedas and the Upanishads. Sri Aurobindo’s writings on political philosophy are a continuum, ranging from the utopian socialist ideas in Bande Mataram, a newspaper he edited to present the ideas of social, political, and judicial boycott to counter the British, to the writings of post-1910, when his life took a spiritual turn after years of spiritual realisations and yogic sadhana, where he mixes the power of the proletariat with the power of Vedantic mysticism. Sri Aurobindo’s ‘political vedantism’ is an attempt to restructure the political and social life of a colonised nation so that an indigenous idea of a nation can be constructed in concurrence with the Vedantic concept of society as a manifestation of a collective supremacy in man. Sri Aurobindo accepts spiritual determinism as the central principle of a nation, but at the same time, it is not a static concept to him but a constant movement of progressive self-evolution towards a perfection of the collective consciousness, manifested through the entity called the ‘nation’. This paper proposes to look at the ideas of spiritual nationalism of Sri Aurobindo and establish a dialogue with a nationalism that is neither socialist nor rightist.

Thomas Aquinas and Contemplation

<i>Thomas Aquinas and Contemplation</i>

On reflection.

Do any of us have perfect vision? The answer is ‘No’. Our reflections, visually and occasionally intellectually, may not be realistic. You may think that when you look into a mirror you see yourself but if the left arm is raised the person in the mirror raises their right arm. The explanation is twofold. Firstly, you cannot look into a mirror (you can only look at the image created by the mirror) and, secondly, and I am sorry about this, what you see is not a real person. Thus the unreal reflection image cannot have their own right or left orientation although the reflection does bear a relation to the rest of the world in that their/its ‘north, south, east, west’ are the same. Our conscious vision comprises a mental imaging of our visible surroundings and recognition of what is seemingly seen is founded upon whether what we are seeing matches with our prior visual experiences and resultant knowledge, in which case it is recognized. If it cannot be matched, then this new element has to be learned. Things seen for the first time may not be recognized. Thus, everyone’s appreciation of what they envision is related to their own prior personal experiences and is unique to them. Strikingly, whilst glancing at stacks of CDs or books, individual CDs or books of interest leap into consciousness because the attentional visual system is primed by prior knowledge. How many CDs or books of interest are missed is uncertain.

What Comes after #StopAsianHate? Asian American Feminist Speculation

Abstract: Growing Asian American abolition feminisms is a practice not only of politics, organizing, and struggle, but of imagination, and speculative fiction and poetry can work to inspire and sustain such imaginations. Speculative and experimental works also challenge conventions of literary realism in Asian American literature, opening generic and imaginative possibilities for Asian American feminist politics. Responding to the threats of police violence and of racialized violence against Asian North American women, Franny Choi’s queer feminist cyborg poetics open space beyond the violences of the human, and Kai Cheng Thom’s Fierce Femmes and Notorious Liars: A Trans Girl’s Confabulous Memoir bends space and time to join trans women’s community together in ease and safety. Vandana Singh’s utopias of the third kind locate utopic thinking in the struggles of oppressed and racialized people to build and sustain community through slowness and connection. Together, these speculations consider Asian American feminist futurities and what ways of being-otherwise we can share in the present and future, shaped by connection, community, and care, rather than urgency, scarcity, and fear. Analyzing how these works respond to violence and crisis, this article describes abolitionist possibilities for Asian American feminisms that respond to anti-Asian and state violence by seeking other genres of human life and rejecting linear notions of progress. Instead, these texts cultivate connection and community in the present as a project of shaping Asian American utopic visions, rethinking utopia not as a vision of future perfection, but an ethic of embracing and negotiating change, difference, and multiplicity.

Research on Registration Accuracy Detection Method Based on Machine Vision

The online printing machine registration control system can detect the overprint accuracy in real time during the printing process, so as to adjust the corresponding equipment to improve the print quality. The off-line overprint accuracy detection system ensures the stability and reliability of the detection results when detecting the print quality. Under this background, the research and experiment on the algorithm model of overprint accuracy detection of color prints based on machine vision system are carried out. Set up a hardware platform for printing registration accuracy detection with perfect machine vision, complete the collection of registration logo images. Convert the collected graphic sample information into data that can be processed by the computer. The collected image samples can be processed through the corresponding functions of the software platform interface, including graphic segmentation, visual enhancement, filtering and noise reduction, and edge extraction. Finally, the registration accuracy detection is completed through the neural network model for experimental analysis.

Problems with diffractive IOLs

AbstractIn 2015, it was estimated that approximately 1.8 billion people were affected by presbyopia globally which was about 25% of the world population, and approximately 826 million people lacked proper visual correction. In the year 2030, the number of people with presbyopia is expected to be increasing to 2.1 billion people globally. two major IOL.Treatment and correction of presbyopia have become challenging with increasing demands and expectations of patients since there are no drugs or procedures that can cause perfect vision at all distances without risk. Surgical options, corneal or intraocular, are of increasing interest since they are based on most modern technologies. There are still risks of surgical complications, which are hardly reversible, and the best results are based on careful selection of patients. Moreover, good understanding of the limitation of the present technologies by patients and their trade‐off nature are very important, for example, patients who gain spectacle‐free of near or intermediate vision may experience some dysphotopsias in different lighting conditions or lose some sharpness of vision or stereopsis depending on the offered technology. Multifocal IOLs (MIOLs) can be made using refractive and diffractive surfaces or combination of both. The optical power in the refractive design decreases continuously from the center to the periphery of the lens creating an infinite number of focal points and is derived from the smooth hyperbolic shape of its optics. Thus, the performance of refractive design IOLs is dependent on pupil size and IOL centration. On the other hand, a diffractive IOL generates multifocality making use of light interference and is independent of pupil size. It incorporates a pattern consisting of a series of annular concentric grooves less than one micron in depth, which are engraved around the optical axis on either the front or the back surface of a lens (the echelette technology). One of the recent studies from Japan reported that patients implanted with diffractive multifocal IOLs had notable declines in the corrected distance visual acuity, distance corrected near VA, and near area of focus with aging.When compared to monofocal IOLs, MIOLs will always be related with poorer quality of vision. Moreover, good understanding of the limitation of the present technologies by patients and their trade‐off nature are very important, for example, patients who gain spectacle‐free of near or intermediate vision may experience some dysphotopsias in different lighting conditions or lose some sharpness of vision or stereopsis depending on the offered technology. Halos, glare, reduced contrast sensitivity or reduced retinal illumination are relatively common problems with MIOLs. Halos depend on the intensity and size of the out‐of‐focus image corresponding to the other foci produced by the lens, that is secondary to add power and energy distribution among foci. Moreover, if aberrations are used in their design, their position and centering might be crucial. MIOLs do not replicate the natural condition, thus patients with MIOLs must learn and adapt to their use with so called binocular neuro‐adaptation.

Large scale transparency-adjustable mini-LED display with recoverable color gamut by a highly transparent electrochromic shutter.

In this work, a 25 inch (400 × 500 mm) transparency-adjustable mini-LED (TA-MLED) display is constructed of a transparent mini-LED (T-MLED) screen and an electrochromic (EC) shutter. The shutter shows a high transmittance of 86.5% with imperceptible color shift, enabling a perfect vision experience for see-through application. Furthermore, the response speed of the shutter is accelerated by optimal designs in splicing and driving. The coloring time is 55 s, and bleaching time is 36 s. Transmittance of the TA-MLED could be modulated from 3% to 60%. The transparency-adjustable property extends availability of the see-through display screens under strong light irradiations. The T-MLED's color gamut in CIE 1976 shrinks from 145.1% sRGB to 3.6% sRGB with 5161 cd/m2 of backside illumination, and is significantly enhanced to 83.5% sRGB with the active EC shutter.

Meniscus-Shaped Stromal Lenticule Addition Keratoplasty for Corneal Regularization and Thickening in Advanced Keratoconus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of the meniscus-shaped stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (MS-SLAK) in corneal regularization and thickness. Patients waiting for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for advanced keratoconus with an intolerance to contact lenses (CLs) underwent the MS-SLAK procedure by FSL 80 kHz ablation (VICTUS, Technolas Perfect Vision, DE). Customized positive meniscus-shaped stromal lenticules were obtained and implanted. Examination was performed at baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up and included corrected distance visual acuity both with spectacles and CLs (spectacle CDVA and CL-CDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent, slit-lamp examination, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. Fifteen patients completed the study. Statistical increases in corneal thickness values were found from the first follow-up ( P < 0.001). Improvement in the Surface Asymmetry Index ( P = 0.04), Symmetry Index ( P = 0.02), spherical aberration ( P < 0.001), coma ( P = 0.18), high-order aberration ( P = 0.37), and anterior asphericity index (Q) ( P = 0.31) were found at 12 months. At the 12-month follow-up, no improvement were found in spectacle CDVA ( P = 0.23); however, all patients reported CL wearing tolerance recovery, and significant improvement in CL-CDVA ( P = 0.002) was found. The confocal microscopy at 12 months showed a significant increase in keratocyte density within the lenticule and absence of fibrotic reactions in both anterior and posterior interfaces. MS-SLAK seems to be effective in regularizing the corneal surface as showed by the significant improvement in topographic symmetry indices, coma, and high-order aberration. The corneal regularization is also confirmed by the results in anterior Q and the recovery of the CL wearing tolerance.

Estudio clínico epidemiológico de los principales fenómenos fisiológicos de la visión en gamaóptica

Vision is not only limited to visual acuity, there are other parameters to achieve perfect vision. A descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study was carried out in Gamaóptica, Latacunga-Ecuador, in the year 2020, to know the clinical epidemiological characteristics of the main physiological phenomena of vision. A sample of 120 patients was studied where variables such as: age, sex, occupation, visual acuity, Ishihara Test, Titmus Test and Worth's light test were explored. The qualitative variables were summarized using absolute and relative percentage frequencies. The X2 test was used at 95% certainty to compare frequencies or associate variables. In the study prevailed: the female sex with 51.7%, the age group of 15-24 years with 28.3% and the economically inactive population with 46%. 46.7% of the individuals presented visual acuity without binocular correction of distance with visual limitation, according to the Ishihara Test, 98.3% of the sample were standard people, 69.2% of the sample had normal binocular vision according to Worth's lights and 88.3% of the individuals reached a stereopsis of 40 seconds of bows. Alterations were detected, in a lower percentage, in all the tests applied to evaluate visual function: Ishihara Test (1.7%), Worth's Lights (30.8%), Titmus Test (11.7%).

Post Traumatic Optic Nerve Decompression in Patients with No Light Perception

Objective: To determine if optic nerve decompression has any efficacy in patients with traumatic optic nerve (TON) damage specifically those patients whose optic nerves have been severely damaged and as a result, they suffer no light perception (NLP). Material &amp; Methods: A retrospective study for group of 54 patients was observed for a period of between 3 to 12 months from 2020 to January 2021. Results: 35 patients still had no light perception at end of the study. By the time others were discharged some had gained a level or two of visual acuity but no cases of perfect vision restored were reported. Conclusion: The methods were relatively useful in reducing discomfort in patients such as significant reduction in swelling but they were not in any way completely responsible for the total recovery of the patients.

The fictional soils of a ‘sustainable’ Anthropocene: A new materialist story of the soils of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London has been celebrated as an exemplar of sustainable landscape architecture and regeneration. Yet tracing the new materialist histories of its enmeshed soils reveals how complex sustainable landscape architecture is. On the one hand, the park has expertly recycled and locally sourced its materials. On the other, the socio-ecosystems of its soil assemblages have been pulverized, treated and mixed to create a new profile of synthetic geological strata. Their history and life have been erased. The subterranean sections through this park are caricatures of a ‘sustainable Anthropocene’. Here, the anthropogenic geology supporting the vision of idealized future ecosystems is used for the global marketing of a nation and property developments. This project indicates a destructive systemic blindness in sustainable approaches and the need for truly regenerative design processes, based on working with a place, including the various (other-than) human inhabitants, instead of solely mining its materials to create a perfect vision anew.

Synthesis of Natural Products by C-H Functionalization of Heterocycless.

Total synthesis is considered by many as the finest combination of art and science. During the last decades, several concepts were proposed for achieving the perfect vision of total synthesis, such as atom economy, step economy, or redox economy. In this context, C-H functionalization represents the most powerful platform that has emerged in the last years, empowering rapid synthesis of complex natural products and enabling diversification of bioactive scaffolds based on natural product architectures. In this review, we present an overview of the recent strategies towards the total synthesis of heterocyclic natural products enabled by C-H functionalization. Heterocycles represent the most common motifs in drug discovery and marketed drugs. The implementation of C-H functionalization of heterocycles enables novel tactics in the construction of core architectures, but also changes the logic design of retrosynthetic strategies and permits access to natural product scaffolds with novel and enhanced biological activities.

Eyes, the window on psychosis?

Much has been written on the theory that congenital blindness might protect against schizophrenia, but proof remains elusive. It has been suggested that visual ability might be associated with schizophrenia in a bell-shaped distribution, with both lifelong absent and perfect vision being protective. Alternatively, ocular aberrations and schizophrenia may share an aetiology. Any neuronal pathology implicated in schizophrenia could affect the retina, since it is an embryological extension of the brain. The retina is more amenable to direct imaging than other parts of the central nervous system and may give unique insights into schizophrenia-associated neuropathology. It is also possible that psychosis causes visual impairment: people with psychotic illnesses are probably not accessing optical care optimally and have higher levels of risk factors for visual loss.

6-6-2020: A date that went viral among ophthalmologists.

6-6-2020 was a landmark date for the ophthalmology community, not only because of the normal visual acuity connotation of 6/6 and 20/20, but because it genuinely reflects every ophthalmologist's dream to bring back perfect vision for every patient. The Covid-19 pandemic had forced ophthalmologists to "refuse to operate" albeit for a short period. This narrative describes how, during a telemedicine call, a surgeon experienced the distress of refusing to operate on a mature cataract. It reveals the trauma caused by the disordered goals of eye care during the pandemic, when elective procedures were abandoned and only emergency services were provided.

Management of tourism sustainability in Portuguese companies

The growing concern with sustainability and available resources leads tourism companies to give importance to the management of this area. For a perfect vision, the pillars of sustainability need to be in harmony, but research is scarce. This study is the result of an exploratory investigation, which starts from a broad literature review about corporate sustainability, management, and tourism. The objective of the investigation is to contribute to filling gaps in knowledge about the sustainability of tourism businesses and their implementation, exposing hypotheses that will answer the initial question about the existence of a relationship between sustainability and business dynamics. Based on the literature review, reflections arise about the theme that raises fundamental questions and their analysis led to the application of the quantitative method through an online survey having obtained a collection of 412 responses from entrepreneurs linked to sustainability in tourism, entrepreneurs, and company managers in Portugal allowing to obtain comparable data, universal, and subject to quantitative analysis, associated with an intentional sampling method. Empirical results demonstrate the urgency of change, awareness of sustainability in companies, and the intention to generate success, investing in a better world. The article contributes to the understanding of how to manage companies with a holistic view, having the pillars of sustainability in harmony, leading to financial success. The recommendations are based on the results obtained so that management is proactive, leading to a change in corporate governance, and the concern with the search for new approaches paves the way for new research.