Vision Of Universe Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practice among kindergarten teachers regarding vision and eye screening of preschool children

Abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the level and determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of kindergarten teachers regarding vision and eye screening of preschool children of Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: As a part of a study to evaluate the KAP of stakeholders in the Qassim region, we surveyed kindergarten teachers from July to September 2023. The responses to ten knowledge-related and five attitudes and practices of teachers about eye and vision screening were collected using a graded Likert scale. The KAP score was associated with teacher-related variables. Teachers’ current and desired sources of knowledge were also reviewed. RESULTS: We surveyed 60 KG teachers. All were female. The good level of knowledge was in 85% of teachers. The positive attitude and good practices were in 90% of teachers. Teachers’ education levels were not associated with teachers’ knowledge (Kolmogorov–Smirnov [KS] P = 0.456), attitudes (KS P = 0.71), and practice (KS P = 0.06). Social media and computer-based sources provided knowledge on eye and vision screening of children in nearly half of the teachers. More interaction between ophthalmologists and optometrists was desired to learn about the topic. CONCLUSIONS: The high awareness, positive attitude, and practices noted among KG teachers in this study are promising and favor their involvement in universal vision and eye screening initiatives in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

Care, Support, and Solidarity: Families Demanding a Universal Vision of Student Flourishing

In this collaboratively written article, we share what we have learned in our over decade-long partnership working across social and institutional boundaries, including: the right for students to be taught through a strength-based perspective; the necessity of communication between schools and communities; and insights into how educators can foster genuine care with families. We conclude with recommendations about how educators can work in solidarity with families to promote a robust universal vision of student flourishing.

“The Book Which Increases the Human Efficiency”

This article reframes the introduction of Taylorism in early Republican China as the origin point for an enduring social ideal of “scientific management” across modern Chinese society. Previous scholars have argued that Taylorism had a limited impact on Chinese industry before the 1920s and 1930s, but this conclusion overlooks a pervasive intellectual impact. A global phenomenon originating in the United States, Taylorism was not just methods to increase production efficiency. It was also a utopian vision to reorganize society around perfected technocratic hierarchies. Its first Chinese translators all enthusiastically embraced this universal vision, promoting this American “science” as a panacea that would both accelerate China's industrialization and improve its supposedly inefficient public. China's first advocates of scientific management spread these ideas far beyond industry through mainstream publications and urged their universal adoption. While Taylor's methods only shaped a few industrial enterprises before the 1920s, they nonetheless seeded a capacious ideal of a scientifically managed society that remains today.

Self-Reported Vision Loss, Health Status, and Social Participation Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults-Evidence From China.

Social participation is crucial for enhancing senior's well-being and promoting their integration into society. Using nationwide data investigated in China, this study explored the association between self-reported visual impairment, health level, and social participation among Chinese middle-aged old adults. It has been found that (a)the probability and frequency of social participation among middle-aged and older adults with self-reported vision loss were significantly lower than those without vision problems; (b)self-reported vision loss was negatively associated with self-rated health and mental health status, and both were positively associated with social participation; and (c)self-rated health and mental health played a mediating role between vision loss and social participation. The findings suggest that under the framework of active aging, universal vision screening programs and rehabilitation plans for the older adults with visual impairment are exceedingly significant to promote their participation in social activities, thereby enhancing their quality of life.

The Theoretical Origin, Scientific Connotation, and Contemporary Value of the Human Health Community

As an organic component of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, the Human Health Community focuses on the long-term development of human health and is an important theoretical innovation in maintaining public health and overall health and well-being. It is the Chinese wisdom and common plan for global public health governance. This article elaborates on the theoretical origins and scientific connotations of the human health community, and based on this, discusses its contemporary value. The human health community has become an inevitable trend in the development of the times and a universal vision for all humanity.

Bode Phase Angle Signaling of a TB Disease Biomarker.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide burden whose total control and eradication remains a challenge due to factors including false positive/negative diagnoses associated with the poor sensitivity of the current diagnostics in immune-compromised and post-vaccinated individuals. As these factors complicate both diagnosis and treatment, the early diagnosis of TB is of pivotal importance towards reaching the universal vision of a TB-free world. Here, an aptasensor for signaling an interferon gamma (IFN-γ) TB biomarker at low levels is reported. The aptasensor was assembled through gold-thiol interactions between poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), gold nanoparticles, and a thiol-modified DNA aptamer specific to IFN-γ. The aptasensor sensitively detected IFN-γ in spiked pleural fluid samples with a detection limit of 0.09 pg/mL within a linear range from 0.2 pg/mL to 1.2 pg/mL. The good performance of the reported aptasensor indicates that it holds the potential for application in the early diagnosis of, in addition to TB, various diseases associated with IFN-γ release in clinical samples.

P2T: Pyramid Pooling Transformer for Scene Understanding.

Recently, the vision transformer has achieved great success by pushing the state-of-the-art of various vision tasks. One of the most challenging problems in the vision transformer is that the large sequence length of image tokens leads to high computational cost (quadratic complexity). A popular solution to this problem is to use a single pooling operation to reduce the sequence length. This paper considers how to improve existing vision transformers, where the pooled feature extracted by a single pooling operation seems less powerful. To this end, we note that pyramid pooling has been demonstrated to be effective in various vision tasks owing to its powerful ability in context abstraction. However, pyramid pooling has not been explored in backbone network design. To bridge this gap, we propose to adapt pyramid pooling to Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) in the vision transformer, simultaneously reducing the sequence length and capturing powerful contextual features. Plugged with our pooling-based MHSA, we build a universal vision transformer backbone, dubbed Pyramid Pooling Transformer (P2T). Extensive experiments demonstrate that, when applied P2T as the backbone network, it shows substantial superiority in various vision tasks such as image classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, and instance segmentation, compared to previous CNN- and transformer-based networks. The code will be released at https://github.com/yuhuan-wu/P2T.

Evaluation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Indicators in Wantilan, Subang Regency, 2021

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a global agenda as the successor of the millennium development goals (SDGs) with a broader, holistic, and universal vision. The SDGs contain 17 goals, 169 targets, and 289 indicators which are used as a reference for local governments in developing their territories. In measuring success at the rural level, a categorization is used in the form of the Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM), which is formed based on three indices, namely, the social resilience index, the economic resilience index, and the ecological or environmental index. Wantilan is one of the villages with IDM status as a developed village located in Subang Regency. The status of the IDM needs to be upgraded to become an independent village by taking into account local government policies that are also related to the SDGs indicators. In addition, the condition of Wantilan Village which experienced a transition from being an agricultural area to an industrial area requires an evaluation of the achievement of the SDGs indicators. There are 4 areas of discussion related to SDGs available on the Wantilan Village Dashboard, including employment and education. The results of this study indicate that the achievement of certain SDGs indicators, especially in the fields of education and employment, has not met the expected targets.
 Keywords: achievement, IDM, rural, SDGs, Wantilan

Inclusive education at the centre of human development issues in Togo

AbstractIn the concept of inclusive education, the adjective inclusive stands for a universal vision for education for all students. It stands for the mobilisation of various resources in the field of education, for achieving UNESCO's Education For All agenda. Inclusive education aims to combat discrimination and give meaning to difference; that is to say, to the education of students with disabilities and students with special needs. It must be understood and oriented within the framework of the national education strategy. This article presents an analytical study on the system of itinerant teachers initiated in North Togo by the non‐governmental organisation Humanity & Inclusion. A practical and inclusive pedagogy project is described as an example of the implementation of inclusive education practices in Togo. Inclusive education is not an immutable concept and does not have a single method of implementation applicable to all countries and to all situations of need. This article reflects on the impact of inclusive education as a pedagogy, to contribute to a continued development of practices for the academic and social inclusion of children with disabilities. Specifically, different actors and interventions in the establishment of inclusive education practices in Togo are identified. Necessary and adequate means for the continued development of national inclusive education policies in Togo are proposed.

‘Fantasies of Catastrophe’: Politics and Race in the Early Novels of Julio Cortázar

This paper examines politics and race in the early novels of Julio Cortázar - those written before Rayuela (1963), sometimes called his ‘Argentine trilogy’, and published after the author’s death. Despite Cortázar’s later public statements about the importance of an author’s engagement with politics, it is the analytical acumen in the realist aspects of these often fantastical novels, rather than a commitment to a stance, or a political message, that ensures the continued potency of his works as political fictions. Furthermore, recent critical investigations of race and racism in Argentina deepen our understanding of the author’s politics through reference to these questions. Cortázar admitted later in life that his former self shared many of the prejudices of his narrators and characters. We aim to nuance Beckman’s recent assertion that Cortázar displays ‘racist […] assumptions embedded within his vision of universality’ (2018) by setting these works against the background of race and politics in Argentina.

Gandhian Approach for Modern India: An Analysis

Mahatma Gandhi the leader, social reformer, thinker, philosopher and above all the seeker after truth shaped our nation with the help of his experiments and experiences and propounded the various theories of morality and ethics. The ethics and values elaborated by him are, in fact, the outcomes of his personal experiments blended with the contemporary situations, surroundings and phenomena. Almost every aspect of life, nation and society is included in his philosophy. In his philosophical views democracy and its essential factors find proper place. His global vision of universality prevails upon the foreign policy of our country. Gandhi was in favour of equality especially in matter of laws; he is of the opinion that there must be equality among the different groups of society. Discrimination on the basis of class, colour, creed, sect and category ought not to be existed. He was an ardent believer of the concept that service to human beings is a service to God. According to him democracy is not only a rule by the people for people but it is also a blend of unity, ahimsa, national integration, solidarity, responsibility, rights, morality especially in Indian context.

CITES CONVENTION IMPACTS ON THE TOURISM IN TÜRKIYE

The relevance of this study. Biodiversity provides transboundary benefits and global conservation of biodiversity is crucial for the world. Countries can assure the protection of biodiversity thruogh international conventions. The Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna has a significance of having the party of the 184 countires in the world so it is one of the most protective conventions with the highest number of parties among all biodiversity conventions. When just a turtle is considered, while one country in the world demands to eat its meat, another country conducts scientific research with its skeleton, blood and body secretions, and another country collects antiques from its shell. While this functionality is possible even for only one terrestrial species, in this regard, preventing illegal activities in ecotourism would be a great favor to the nature. The main problems. Because of the need of inspiration for the inventions, discovering new places and gaining the universal vision; people see tourism as a primary need for humanity. From the perspective of biodiversity, preservation of ecological balance is crucial for greater resilience; tourism and biodiversity should be considered together. In recent years, as people have begun to realize the value of nature, concerns about the future have begun to increase. It has been seen that everything natural and unnatural that serves human beings needs to be examined in a multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary approach. From souvenirs to interior architectural design, from types of food to clothing, from antiques to scientific research, from medicines to cosmetics; flora and fauna species that are endangered or vulnerable to extinction should be recognized. The following tasks. In this regard the following tasks are; to emphasize the importance of protecting forests, which are the habitats where biodiversity is most prevalent, in order to approach the issue on the basis of wildlife conservation. To remind that the most basic and legal infrastructure that ensures the protection of biodiversity is environmental conventions. For this reason, introducing Türkiye authorities of the CITES Convention and evaluating the liabilities of the Convention in terms of Türkiye’s implementations. The aim of research. The fact that the sustainability of biodiversity is linked to the human activities shows that humans also have a role to play in its conservation. The main purpose of the research is to analysis of touristic activities managed in accordance with the CITES Convention in terms of Türkiye. The paper concluded. It is concluded that a more properly intervened and effectively preserved ecological balance will bring maximum touristic benefits. It is expected that the importance of the Convention in terms of the tourism will be understood and kept up to date for future plannings. The novelty. The novelty of the analyzed topic is that touristic activity permissions in the forests and protected areas can cause the destroying or jeopardizing the wildlife shall not be included enough within the scope of plannings either. The main causes of biodiversity loss include: negligence of forest visitors, insufficient training for tourism agencies, and that the CITES Convention has not been fully integrated into the subject. As the result. Türkiye has a rich diversity of species and habitats which is more than enough to promote eco-tourism. The requirements to effectively combat bio-smuggling are expressed in terms of tourism activities. Tourism-focused solutions were proposed and measures that can be taken against human pressure were discussed in line with Türkiye’s current fauna and flora diversity data. The used methodology. In the recent years, all approaches to the conservation of biodiversity are of great value. Research with the right methodology will produce quick solutions. In this research, approaches that bring together two different disciplines were adopted. Document analysis, systematic analysis, comparative analysis, logical – analytical and meta – analysis methods were used.

THOMAS NASHE IS NOT A SATIRIST: THE IMAGE OF “THE BLACK DEATH” IN HIS POETRY

The authors of this article focus on poetics of “triptych about the Black death”, which is included in the play “Summer’s Last Will and Testament” (1592) written by the Elizabethan writer Thomas Nashe. As this writer is well-known to modern literary scholars mostly as a talented satirist, the author of a novel and numerous pamphlets, the attention to his poetic heritage is nowadays surprisingly relevant from the view point of their thematic vector and from the viewpoint of the author’s contribution into the development of the Elizabethan poetic tradition. The three poems about the London plague of 1592-1594 forced T. Nashe to change both his lifestyle and concepts of his fiction. Faced with inevitable illness and death, the writer demonstrated his imagination about plague in poems that enrich the fictional structure of drama. Being united by the ideas of the life transience and the fear of death, the author’s psycho-emotional state and his contemporaries’ universal vision of the medical disaster are manifested in different ways. In this article, there is also an attempt to find out the ideological and fictional specificity of the poems and their correlation with the structural and compositional organization of the play, as well as to define so-called theatricality as an artistic feature of drama. Some unfamiliar facts from the author’s life and socio-cultural context are also placed in the given article. Having analyzed the poems, the authors of the research came to conclusion that their uniqueness lies in the following: in his first drama Nashe represented his first poems, moreover, for the first time in the Late Renaissance literature, they were devoted to the Black death. This artistic achievement differs Th. Nashe from contemporary men-of-letter. Thanks to these poems, Nashe can be henceworth considered not only a great satirist, but also as a talented poet of the Elizabethan age.

Implementation of paediatric vision screening in urban and rural areas in Cluj County, Romania

BackgroundIn 2018 and 2019, paediatric vision screening was implemented in Cluj County, Romania, where universal paediatric vision screening does not yet exist. We report on the preparation and the first year of implementation.MethodsObjectives, target population and screening protocol were defined. In cities, children were screened by kindergarten nurses. In rural areas, kindergartens have no nurses and children were screened by family doctors’ nurses, initially at the doctors’ offices, later also in rural kindergartens.CME-accredited training courses and treatment pathways were organised.Implementation was assessed through on-site observations, interviews, questionnaires and analysis of screening results of referred children.ResultsOut of 12,795 eligible four- and five-year-old children, 7,876 were screened in 2018. In the cities, kindergarten nurses screened most children without difficulties. In Cluj-Napoca 1.62x the average annual birth rate was screened and in the small cities 1.64x. In the rural areas, however, nurses of family doctors screened only 0.49x the birth rate. In 51 out of 75 rural communes, no screening took place in the first year. Of 118 rural family doctors’ nurses, 51 had followed the course and 26 screened children. They screened only 41 children per nurse, on average, as compared to 80 in the small cities and 100 in Cluj-Napoca. Screening at rural kindergartens met with limited success. These are attended by few children because of low population density, parents working abroad or children being kept at home in case of bad weather and road conditions.ConclusionsThree times fewer children were screened in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Kindergartens in rural areas are too small to employ nurses and family doctors’ nurses do not have easy access to many children and have competing healthcare priorities: there are 1.5x as many family doctors in urban areas as compared to rural areas. For nationwide scaling-up of vision screening, nurses should be enabled to screen a sufficient number of children in rural areas.

Epic Novel: to the problem of liberating terms from pseudo-meanings

The article examines the concept of an epic novel – a special historical genre phenomenon that arose as a result of the successful implementation by Russian classics of the second half of the 19th century. The author discusses the pseudo-names that appeared in Soviet literary criticism due to its politicisation and ideologisation back in the 1920s –30s and she shows that the terms of epic novel and epopee novel were used at the indicated time for the sake of the Communist party tasks, but contrary to their true meanings. As noted in the article, this required a rejection of the traditions of Russian classical literature, a rejection of the genetic memory of the universal vision of the world and human inherent in the epic novel. Analytical comprehension of the polemics of literary critics of different generations made it possible to show that a number of researchers who rightly saw the problem, forgot to “rehabilitate” the above concepts and transferred the line of denial of Soviet ideology to the terms themselves. The author of the article explains the importance of using the concept of an epic novel in its true meaning, in relation to the voluminous works of Russian classical literature.

National survey of paediatric vision screening programs across Canada: Identifying major gaps and call to action.

Paediatric vision screening programs identify children with ocular abnormalities who would benefit from treatment by an eye care professional. A questionnaire was conducted to assess existence and uptake of school-based vision screening programs across Canada. A supplementary questionnaire was distributed among Ontario's public health units to determine implementation of government mandated vision screening for senior kindergarten children. Chief Medical Officers of Health for each province and territory, and Ontario's thirty-four public health units were sent a questionnaire to determine: 1) whether school-based vision screening is being implemented; 2) what age groups are screened; 3) personnel used for vision screening; 4) the type of training provided for vision screening personnel; and 5) vision screening tests performed. Of the thirteen provinces/territories in Canada, six perform some form of school-based vision screening. Two provinces rely solely on non-school-based programs offering eligible children an eye examination by an optometrist and three rely on ocular assessment conducted by a nurse at well-child visits. In Ontario, where since 2018 vision screening for all senior kindergarten students is government mandated, only seventeen public health jurisdictions are implementing universal vision screening programs using a variety of personnel ranging from food safety workers to optometrists. Good vision is key to physical and emotional development. There is an urgent need for a universal, evidence-based and cost-effective multidisciplinary approach to standardize paediatric vision screening across Canada and break down barriers preventing children from accessing eye care.

The Tolerant Society and its Enemies: Moral Relativism, Multiculturalism, and Islamism

AbstractIn this paper, T. M. Murray defends a vision of liberal tolerance as grounding the common good. She critiques the discourse that Western liberalism amounts to ‘Islamophobia’ or ‘cultural imperialism’. She argues that liberal academics, in maintaining these narratives, contradict their own vaunted values and tacitly collude with religious hypocrisy and intolerance. She argues for a universal vision of the common good broadly grounded in human flourishing and human nature and linked to the philosophies of Aristotle and J. S. Mill.

Establishment and Use of Polio Communication Network in Response to Polio in Outbreak Countries of the Horn of Africa: 2013-2014.

BackgroundBetween 2013 and 2014, the Horn of Africa countries experienced a severe and prolonged outbreak of polio viruses. It started in one district in Somalia but quickly became a national and even international disaster, crossing international boundaries into Kenya and Ethiopia. This paper documents experiences in the establishment and contributions of the Polio Communication Network (PCN) to the polio outbreak response in the outbreak countries of Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia from 2013 to 2015.ProcessThe establishment of the PCN network of partnerships and technical assistance was designed to implement a strategic communication response. Various strategies were used to establish the PCN. Some of these strategies included partnerships with faith-based organizations; involvement of local leaders in microplanning; social mobilization committees and research, monitoring, evaluation and documentation structures.Major OutcomesPCN contributions through sustained high levels of community awareness of polio rounds were demonstrated. The contributions of the context-sensitive approaches included significant gains in reaching traditionally missed, hard-to-reach, pastoral communities with polio information, improved communication capacity, and successful closure of the outbreak within the expected timeline. This PCN experience provides important communication lessons relevant to polio eradication and other public health programmes. The focus on building capacity in areas such as monitoring, and data collection generated social data that led to the communication approaches making a significant impact. PCN contributed to a better understanding of the behavioral and environmental factors affecting the demand for, and uptake of, health services in the HoA which can be extended to most of the countries in the HoA with the same demographic and epidemiological realities.ConclusionThe use of the PCN helped bring the 2013-2014 polio outbreak under control and illustrates how the PCN can help drive progress towards the realization of the agenda of the universal health coverage and vision 2030 agenda in the African Region and elsewhere.

A criança como sujeito de direitos no pensamento de Boaventura de Sousa Santos: diálogos com a sociologia da infância e implicações para a pesquisa em educação

O artigo reflete sobre alguns pilares do pensamento de Boaventura de Sousa Santos tecendo conexões com os Estudos da Criança, sobretudo, no que se refere à Sociologia da Infância em sua vertente crítica. Dessa forma, retomamos conceitos elaborados pelo autor, tais como, a crítica à ciência moderna e a sociologia das emergências, dialogando principalmente com o quadro teórico proposto por Sarmento (2004; 2018). No artigo discutimos ainda a concepção de criança como sujeito de direitos e suas implicações para a pesquisa com foco na educação da primeira infância. Por fim, considerando a natureza argumentativa da cadeia de conceitos desenvolvida por Boaventura, que dá espaço ao contraditório e ao enfrentamento da hegemonia de discursos já formulados sobre a infância, sugerimos alguns alinhamentos entre a necessidade de repensar esse segmento geracional e a efetivação das condições para a sua emancipação social. Nessa direção, propomos a superação da visão universalista não apenas em relação à criança, como já tem sido indicado pela Sociologia da Infância crítica, mas também em relação à escola, dando visibilidade a experiências alternativas nesse espaço. Concluímos que o olhar descentralizado sobre a infância em diferentes contextos institucionais, incluindo ambientes escolares com outras formas de organização do tempo e do espaço, com outras lógicas na implementação de seus projetos políticos pedagógicos, pode nos oferecer novos subsídios para a construção de uma Pedagogia da Infância que, no Brasil, constitui um campo de pesquisa emergente.

Концептуальные особенности «сложностного» видения мира

Today, almost all spheres of human existence are interpreted – directly or indi­rectly – as permanently becoming, interpreted from a processing point of view realities that do not imply either final fixation or predetermined ultimate goals or states. The world appears not so much in the form of difficult composite dy­namic formation in mechanistic sense, but in the form of mobile, continuously becoming environment, which presupposes special technical researches and ways of staying in it. Such techniques and methods lead to the formation of a non-trivial vision of the universe. And such a vision, aimed at comprehending of emerging realities, presupposing conceptual shifts in modern natural science, technology, humanitarian activity, and more broadly in the very perception of na­ture and society, V.I. Arshinov endows with the epithet “complexity”. In the pro­posed text, a small fragment from the creative heritage of one of the most influ­ential philosophers J. Simondon will be considered, allowing to partially reveal the features of such complexitly oriented thinking. The central theme of Simon­don's philosophical strategy is the conceptualization of how the becomings of beings are realized, or how beings (inanimate, living, technical, mental, social) are individuated. Simondon begins the discussion of this plot with criticism of the hylemorphic scheme, which posits the genetic principle of existence in the form-matter dichotomy and, above all, in the interpretation and theoretical use of such a dichotomy by Aristotle, since, according to Simondon, it was this pair that contributed to the formation of a static view on the world, man and society. In different performances, the form-matter dichotomy can be interpreted in the form of mind-body dichotomies, artificial-natural, living-nonliving, etc. Note that Simondon begins his criticism with the technological substantiation of the hylemorphic scheme, referring to the operation of making a parallelepiped brick from clay