Term Vision Research Articles

Entrepreneurial cognition process within a hostile business environment: A research study of high, medium and low performing entrepreneurs of Pakistan

This research qualitatively observes and documents the influence of environmental hostility on entrepreneurial cognition at the firm level and how it influences strategy formulation to determine performance in the short and long run. The entrepreneurs have been categorized as high performers, medium performers and low performers and the performance of the entrepreneur is equated to the performance of his/her firm while maintaining focus on the entrepreneur. The results suggest that for all entrepreneurs, terrorism and violence were major elements of a hostile business environment. Different strategies devised by these entrepreneurs to cope with such a situation include work force development, succession planning, conceiving problems as solvable, setting the long term vision for the company and avoiding distractions.

A reversibilidade da imagem e a definição da poesia

Ao discutir a origem, a acepção e a tradução da noção central da pesquisa formalista de Iuri Tynianov, a saber, a dos indícios oscilantes, o trabalho procura relacionar a definição da poesia com a imagem da reversibilidade. Trazendo importantes ecos do romantismo alemão e procurando elaborar os paradoxos do presente, a teoria de Tynianov demonstrou uma grande preocupação com o vocabulário utilizado para a descrição da forma dinâmica e de sua inscrição dinâmica dentro dos âmbitos do saber. Entusiasta do experimento e do potencial criativo do paradoxo, o autor hesitou entre as imagens orgânicas herdadas do vocabulário romântico e as imagens espaciais inspiradas tanto pela literatura produzida no início do século XX quanto pela pintura pós-cézanneana. Voltado para o aprimoramento do discurso da teoria da literatura, seu esforço teórico encontrou desenvolvimentos relevantes no trabalho de Julia Kristeva (entre outros), que insistiu na subversão da visão do espaço em termos de um recipiente neutro, ou de um meio de separação, procurando debruçar-se sobre a relação entre o texto e o espaço, investidos pelos angustiantes desdobramentos causados pela experiência da perda.

Вивчення орфографічної та пунктуаційної грамотності учнів 6-7 класів зі зниженим зором в умовах інклюзивного навчання

Вивчення орфографічної та пунктуаційної грамотності учнів 6-7 класів зі зниженим зором в умовах інклюзивного навчання

Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake

ABSTRACTThe Global Stocktake (GST) takes a central role within the architecture of the Paris Agreement, with many hoping that it will become a catalyst for increased mitigation ambition. This paper outlines four governance functions for an ideal GST: pacemaker, ensurer of accountability, driver of ambition and provider of guidance and signal. The GST can set the pace of progress by stimulating and synchronizing policy processes across governance levels. It can ensure accountability of Parties through transparency and public information sharing. Ambition can be enhanced through benchmarks for action and transformative learning. By reiterating and refining the long term visions, it can echo and amplify the guidance and signal provided by the Paris Agreement. The paper further outlines preconditions for the effective performance of these functions. Process-related conditions include: a public appraisal of inputs; a facilitative format that can develop specific recommendations; high-level endorsement to amplify the message and effectively inform national climate policy agendas; and an appropriate schedule, especially with respect to the transparency framework. Underlying information provided by Parties complemented with other (scientific) sources needs to enable benchmark setting for collective climate action, to allow for transparent assessments of the state of emissions and progress of a low-carbon transformation. The information also needs to be politically relevant and concrete enough to trigger enhancement of ambition. We conclude that meeting these conditions would enable an ideal GST and maximize its catalytic effect.Key policy insightsThe functional argument developed in this article may inspire a purposeful design of the GST as its modalities and procedures are currently being negotiated.The analytical framework provided serves as a benchmark against which to assess the GST's modalities and procedures.Gaps and blind spots in the official GST can and should be addressed by processes external to the climate regime in academia and civil society.

Does a polarization state exist for mast cells in cancer?

The data of literature are discordant about the role of mast cells in different types of neoplasms. In this paper the authors propose the hypothesis that tumor-associated mast cells may switch to different polarization states, conditioning the immunogenic capacities of the different neoplasms. Anti-inflammatory polarized mast cells should express cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and then mast cells number should be inversely related to the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate. On the contrary, when mast cells do not express anti-inflammatory cytokines their number should be directly related to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate. In this paper we briefly argue around feasible approaches, based on the retrospective studies of tumor tissue samples from neoplasms considered “immunologically hot” and neoplasms considered “immunologically cold”, through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques (confocal microscopy). The establishment of the actual existence of a polarization interchange of mast cells, could lead to a new vision in prognostic terms, useful to contrive new approaches in immunotherapy of tumors.

From Planned to Transformative Urbanization: Analyzing India’s Policies of Urban Rejuvenation

<p>This paper examines India’s urban challenges, successive policies of urban development and their impact on the much needed urban transformation. It examines successive policies, plans, and approaches to meet the ever rising urban challenges from the first Five Year Plan till the end of planning era and also underscores the highlights of urban planning through the entire five-year plan period. In the process, it investigates whether the ubiquitous urban deficit in India is actually due to the so-called 'reluctant urbanization' and whether the current policy of creating hundred smart cities can lead to urban transformation in India. This paper is based on the analysis of the available secondary data from various sources. By critically examining the available secondary data this paper explores whether India’s urban deficit is a result of poor planning or lack of long term vision and strategy to meet the emerging urban challenges. This paper also critically looks into the emerging ICT-driven paradigms and design of the ‘smart cities’ as models of urban transformation and juxtaposes them to India's own vision of creating hundred smart cities to ensure urban transformation. The paper concludes that any urban transformation should be socially inclusive, economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Technology should not be the end rather the means for bringing urban transformation and building smart cities.</p>

Ocular thermal injury: Study on its management considerations, visual outcome and cosmesis in tertiary health care system

Ocular thermal injury: Study on its management considerations, visual outcome and cosmesis in tertiary health care system - IJOOO- Print ISSN No: - 2581-5024 Online ISSN No:- 2581-5016 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/2581-5016.2019.0004, IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty-IP Int J Ocul Oncol Oculopla

Radio waves, children’s rights and community communication: A radio for children’s rights project in Africa

This article draws upon research done as part of a formative evaluation of a radio project on children’s rights in Tanzania. Fieldwork was conducted etween January and June 2016 followed by a longer period of analysis. In this article we take the project as a case study of applied Communication for Development (ComDev) and examine the insights it offers into this field of both theory and practice. Making use of data generated during the evaluation process we reflect critically on the project, and the evaluation processes itself, taking participation, community radio, selection, involvement, community exchange and radio practice as our points of departure. The empirical work and analysis revealed a strong potential in the project’s activation of crucial local contexts and webs of communication, but also vulnerability and uncertainty in terms of vision as well as practical models for a sustainable continuation and impact.

“That Free Play of Human Affection”: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance

Thomas Albrecht, “‘That Free Play of Human Affection’: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance” (pp. 486–521) This essay aims to refute received, persistent misconceptions of Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), and of aestheticism generally, as an asocial and amoral sensualism, and as a deliberate separating of art from human lives and the world. Contrary to these misconceptions, it finds a humanist ethical vision in The Renaissance, specifically in the essays Pater devotes to Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. Drawing on an established post-Enlightenment, post-Romantic tradition of Victorian secular humanism, Pater defines this vision in terms of human sympathies for the feelings and suffering of other persons. And he defines it in aesthetic terms, in terms of art’s unique capacity to depict human feelings and suffering, and thereby to arouse sympathies in the viewer. At the same time, the essay contends that Pater in The Renaissance also defines his ethical vision in a more unprecedented, radical way. Beyond the solicitation of human sympathies, he frames it in terms of a fundamental uncertainty and unpredictability, a fundamental freedom and singularity, of human ethical relationships and responses. For Pater, this uncertainty and freedom are the qualities that make an ethics genuinely ethical. Pater finds these qualities, and this kind of genuine ethics, epitomized in the unpredictability and freedom of human aesthetic responses, including his own, to art and beauty.

Comments: A Lot to Be Proud Of

Editor's column Last year, the SPE Board of Directors approved a new 5-year Strategic Plan, a blueprint to provide guidance on how the association can meet the needs and expectations of its members and the industry over the next several years. The plan identified four strategic areas of emphasis to advance its vision in the near term: lifelong learning, knowledge transfer, membership engagement, and professional pride. It is the professional pride piece of that document that this issue of JPT is built around. The professional pride segment identifies objectives such as helping SPE members better understand and become more inspired by the industry’s contributions to society, demonstrating the benefits of oil and gas so members can communicate that positive value to the public, and highlighting industry achievements as well as contributions to sustainability and social responsibility. With that backdrop, the 45-page special section in this issue covers three main areas: What satisfaction do petroleum engineers receive from the work they do? What value does oil and gas bring to individuals and to society? What trends and challenges will help define the future work of petroleum engineers? JPT invited a variety of engineers to participate to ensure a broad perspective. In these pages, you will read about what practicing petroleum professionals value about their careers and what brings them the most reward; what specific contributions the industry is making to society, including some you might not regularly hear about in the media; some great individual and technical achievements; how to communicate these successes and contributions to an often skeptical public; and what issues the industry will confront in the coming years. One of these issues is climate change, and no report on the oil and gas industry’s future would be complete without some discussion of this topic. But there is not universal agreement—in the public, in the industry, or in these pages—on the best approach to take in addressing this issue. Nor is there agreement throughout the industry on future hydrocarbons demand and what role oil and gas will play in the global energy mix a decade or two from now. Industry reports from companies and consultancies often lay out different scenarios about hydrocarbon demand in the future and the “transition” to renewables. Some predict declines in crude demand for transportation because of the increased use of electric vehicles, while others see almost insatiable appetites for all forms of energy, both traditional and new. The oil and gas industry will likely look a lot different 10 or 20 years from now. But the role of petroleum engineers may not. The job of solving problems, figuring out how to get the most oil and gas out of the ground with the smallest environmental footprint, and ensuring that the world has sufficient energy to improve quality of life will continue.

New sampling method associated with arbitrary lattices sampling in the Fourier domain

Fourier transform (FT) plays an important role in many fields of optics and signal processing. As its fundamental topics, various sampling theories have been established, of course, which include multidimensional (MD) sampling in the FT domain. However, given the deficiency of the existing sampling methods associated with arbitrary lattices sampling, we introduce a new simple method to get alias-free sampling matrix. Then under the premise of alias-free sampling, we drive an easy-to-compute reconstruction formula for MD bandlimited signal, which provides us with a simple way to reconstruct original signal from its sampled vision in terms of an arbitrary frequency support and has never been presented before. Consequently, the MD uniform sampling theorem about arbitrary lattices is proposed. Furthermore, in order to get optimal sampling matrix, we improve this sampling method by applying the idea of segmentation to the bandlimited area. Finally, simulations are presented to prove the rationality of the new sampling method.

SME development policies of Tanzania and Rwanda: comparability of policy presentation on focus, significance, challenges and participation

The world’s new ideologies of regionalisationism and globalizationism anchor on the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for promotion of a healthy business climate for upgrading the private sector and engineering for economic efficiency and development. SMEs have been a mechanism of inclusion and equity for economic empowerment and deepening of economic and business services especially in developing countries. The SMEs‘cultural and socio-economic importance has driven the initiation of national SME development in many countries. SMEs have gained elevating importance in developed and developing economies, have the capability of quick adaptation, low cost of management, less capital and sometimes labor intensive for enabling cheap production. Despite their size related weaknesses, SMEs are less affected by economic crises due to their inherent flexibility and adaptability characteristics. SMEs are vital actors for enhancing entrepreneurial innovation and innovation system as well as competitiveness in economies. National SME development policies, being high level political intent, directives and guidelines are critical for development, coordination and deployment of potential and available resources and capabilities. The paper, therefore, aims at analyzing and comparing the presentations of SME development policies of Tanzania and Rwanda based on policy framework options namely, focus, significance, challenges and participation. The findings show elevating differences in various spheres of the policy processes including the SME definition, vision, mission and objectives in terms of activeness in presentation, political flavour, sharpness of intent and sense of anticipated commitment. This implies a continued gap of SME development between countries under review and other East African Community (EAC) member countries until policies affecting SMEs are harmonized.Keywords: SMEs, Policy Presentation, Policy Framework, Entrepreneurship, BDS, Tanzania, Rwanda

Stimulation strategies for selective activation of retinal ganglion cell soma and threshold reduction

Objective. Retinal prosthetic implants restore partial vision to patients blinded due to outer retinal degeneration, using a camera-guided multielectrode array (MEA) that electrically stimulates surviving retinal neurons. Commercial epi-retinal prostheses use millisecond-scale charge-balanced, symmetric, cathodic-first biphasic pulses to depolarize retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and bipolar cells (BCs), frequently creating oblong perceptions of light related to axonal activation of RGCs. Stimulation strategies that avoid axonal stimulation and decrease the threshold of targeted neurons may significantly improve prosthetic vision in terms of spatial resolution and power efficiency. Approach. We developed a virus-transduced genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) GCaMP6f and microscopy platform for calcium imaging to record the neural activity from RGCs at single-cell resolution in wholemount retinas. Multiple stimulation paradigms were applied through a microelectrode array (MEA) with transparent indium tin oxide electrodes. The evoked neuronal activities were converted to corresponding 2D calcium imaging transient pattern and spatial threshold map to identify the ideal focal response which corresponds to optimal percept in patient. Main results. The proposed optical system with GCaMP6f is capable of recording from population of mouse RGCs in real time during electrical stimulation with precise location information relative to the stimulation sites. Optimal duration and phase order of pulse were identified to avoid axonal stimulation and selectively activate targeted RGC somas, without requiring a significant increase in stimulation charge. Additionally, we show that reduced stimulus threshold can be achieved with the special design of asymmetric anodic-first pulse. Significance. Our findings support the possibility of manipulating the responses of RGCs through varying the stimulation waveform. Focal response can be achieved with relative short duration (⩽120 μs) pulses, and can be improved by reversing the standard phase order. The RGCs threshold can be significantly reduced by 33.3%–50% in terms of charge through applying hyperpolarizing pre-pulses with a 20:1 ratio (pre-pulse:stimulus pulse). The results support the future retinal prosthesis design that potentially forms more ideal shape perception with higher spatial resolution and power efficiency.

Single-Dose Intravitreal Conbercept before Panretinal Photocoagulation as an Effective Adjunctive Treatment in Chinese Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose: This study evaluates the efficacy and patient satisfaction of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) as adjunctive treatment before panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for Chinese proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with or without clinically significant macular edema. Methods: We enrolled 94 patients and categorized them into 2 groups: eyes that received PRP with single-dose IVC (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) 1 week before PRP (Plus group) or PRP only (PRP group). We measured the central macular thickness (CMT) by optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity. Satisfaction of PRP after 3 months was evaluated by a satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Single-dose IVC 1 week before PRP significantly increased the PRP completion rate and satisfaction of treatment after 3 months in PDR patients. The average CMT significantly decreased in the Plus group but increased in the PRP group. No average visual changes were detected in the Plus group, but significant average visual loss was detected in the PPR group. The most important factors that determined satisfaction were the PRP completion rate in the short term and better vision gain after PRP. Conclusions: IVC is a promising adjunctive treatment to PRP in the treatment of PDR. Single-dose IVC 1 week before PRP was suggested to improve PRP completion rate and patient satisfaction in the short term.

Patriarchy Rejected: A Feminist Reading in Some Selected Poems by Adrienne Rich and Fatima Naoot

The present paper offers a comparative feminist reading of the American poet Adrienne Rich and the Egyptian poet Fatima Naoot. It aims at analyzing both Rich’s and Naoot’s poetry in terms of feminist criticism demonstrated particularly in Beauvoir and Millett’s theory of patriarchy. The collections from which the poems under study are selected are Rich’s The Fact of a Doorframe: Poems Selected and New, 1950-1984 (2002), and Naoot’s A Bottle of Glue (2007). The selected poems are Rich’s “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”, “An Unsaid Word”, and “Power”, and Naoot’s “The Cock’s Crest”, “A Goose”, and “Isis”. The analysis of these poems motivates one to infer three essential points regarding the poetic achievement of both poets. First, patriarchy is a male programming engineered by the male to subdue and decentralize the female by treating the latter as if she were a sexed being, or rather the inessential other. Second, this inferior position of woman motivates Rich and Naoot to incorporate Beauvoir and Millett’s theory of patriarchy into their verse. In order to achieve this objective, both poets set up a poetic vision in terms of which they portray how patriarch marginalizes and subordinates woman. Lastly, the close reading to the selected pieces denotes that they rotate around the systematized oppression of women. Such is the common theme of Rich and Naoot’s verse.

Quality of life assessment glaucoma patients based on glaucoma symptom scale and glaucoma quality of life-15 score at M. Djamil Hospital Padang


 
 
 Objective : To determine the Quality of Life glaucoma patients using Glaucoma Symptom Scale(GSS) and Glaucoma Quality Of Life-15 Score (GQL-15) Method : This was a cross sectional study. Subjects were patients diagnosed with primary glaucoma, aged >18 years, and able to fully comprehend the quiz on their regular visits. One hundred glaucoma patients were evaluated for their symptoms using Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS), and their ability to perform daily activities using the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 Questionnaire (GQL-15). We analyze the correlation between the age, sex, visual acuity, medical and surgical treatment to the patients’ quality of life. 
 Results: Data shows that there were significant differences between the visual GSS and the GQL- 15 score among respondents with unilateral blindness, bilateral blindness, and no blindness, which is patients with bilateral blindness have the worsen quality of life. The other GSS and GQL-15 statistical 
 test showed no significant result. Conclusion: Quality of life assesment in glaucoma patient is an essential part to provide the most suitable and convenient treatment both in terms of vision and also improving their quality of life. GSS and GQL-15 were the suitable instrument to asses and determine the Quality of Life glaucoma patient in clinical practice. 
 
 

Progressive Trends in Bio-Fuel Policies in India: Targets and Implementation Strategy

Energy is the primary driver of current economic. Drastic increasing population and their improved living standards are augmenting the demand of energy. This increasing demand of energy is requiring energy management to maintain regular power supply. The main energy demand in India is electricity, heat for various applications commercial and domestic applications and transport sectors. India has a growing economy which is rapidly expanding their transportation and power sectors in which major contribution of electricity generation by coal (59%). Renewable energy based generation is consistently increasing by the effect of climate change obligations and commitments. India is target to generate 10 GW bioenergy till 2022. Therefore, it is desirable that the policies on such issues are be regularly modifying based on the results on ground level. India is very rich in biomass and municipal waste and having long term vision to achieve energy generation by biomass. A close balancing is also required to sustain the biofuel programs without any subsidies and without compromising other priority sector related to the development of nation and quality of life to the last persons in this country. This article is focused on various bioenergy schemes, programs of Government of India.

NATO békeműveletek a Balkánon

Since the change of regime, the Balkans has been important in the Hungarian foreign, security and defense policy. In the first decade, Hungary participated in all land-based NATO peacekeeping in the region. Although since then, with more than 900 people, Hungary has involved in peacekeeping in 15 countries and three continents, this region still has an important priority for our country. The importance of NATO operations in the Western Balkans presents the entire peace operational spectrum of the Alliance from 1992 to the present. The intermittent nature of NATO peacekeeping (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Macedonia) is characterized by the current KFOR operation. Although the analysis focuses on transatlantic crisis management, it evaluates the outcome of the region's EuroAtlantic development. The development of the Western Balkans depends on both international alliances: while NATO is responsible for providing military security, the EU provides the developing Balkan countries with long term vision. The study ends with the presentation of the Hungarian results of Balkan peacekeeping.

Cities as development hubs in Italy an analytical approach

Italy, the country where the modern cities were born, suffer from the early ’90 of past century for a lack of vision and political address in terms of adoption of its urban agenda. The public debat...

Mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazása az aviatikában

The AI (Artificial Intelligence) and it’s different fields, such as machine learning or deep learning, have gone through huge changes over the years. Although the principles are more than 50 years old, but today’s easily accessible vast amount of data have helped them to reach all aspects of everyday’s life. In the first part of our article, we would like to give a comprehensive picture about the definition, the functions and the classification of the AI, as well as describing those worldwide trends, that shape the present and the future of this field of science. In the second part we introduce the potential possibilities of the technology through aviation applications, together with the notion of the long term use and vision.