Viscosity Of Aqueous Solutions Research Articles

Mechanism of protofibril formation in aqueous collagen solutions

The shear viscosity of aqueous collagen solutions was experimentally investigated over the temperature range of 303–353 K and collagen concentrations of 1–7 wt. %. A structural phase transition was observed at ∼315 K, corresponding to the onset of protofibril formation. It is shown that below this temperature, protofibrils containing both ordered and disordered segments are formed, with the proportion of ordered segments increasing as the temperature decreases, reaching ∼30% at 303 K. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the order parameter for the structural transition in the water–collagen system suggests that this transition exhibits characteristics of a second-order phase transition.

Target-Triggered Ultrafast Chondroitin Gelation Enabled Power-Free and Point-of-Care Bioassays.

Point-of-care (POC) tests increasingly highlight the importance of portable, cost-effective, and visually quantitative detection of biomarkers. Herein, we developed a power-free and visual signal-readout POC sensor based on the target-triggered ultrafast gelation process. In the gelation process, the target triggered the cascade reaction catalyzed by oxidase and ferrous glycinate to produce carbon radicals that immediately initiated the rapid polymerization and cross-linking of acryloylated chondroitin sulfate and dimethylacrylamide. This highly efficient enzymatic polymerization process contributed to the ultrafast generation of chondroitin hydrogel within 1 min at 25 °C. The increase in viscosity of aqueous solution resulted from hydrogel formation was then visually measured according to the distance of solution migration on a tick-labeled pH test strip, which thus realized the quantification of a target. By utilizing glucose oxidase as an oxidase model during the gelation process, this POC sensor was successfully employed in the rapid quantitative detection of glucose without the need for any auxiliary instruments. Benefiting from the specificity and stability of the enzymatic polymerization reaction, the sensor exhibited excellent performance in the detection of glucose in clinical blood samples. Moreover, the sensor was further extended to uric acid detection and enabled accurate assay in clinical urine samples, which indicated the versatility and practicability of this sensor in the POC test.

Development and performance evaluation of hydrophobic association plugging agents for sealing formation prior to cementing

This study introduces a novel blocking agent composed of polymerized hydrophobic particles to address the challenge of sealing formations with heterogeneous permeability. These particles display high viscosity and adsorption capabilities, essential for sealing highly permeable formations effectively. Hydrophobic associative polymers (AMSN) were prepared using free radical micellar polymerization, grounded in hydrophobic association principles and molecular design. Optimal monomer ratios and synthesis procedures were identified through the observation of the polymers’ apparent viscosity in aqueous solutions. Characterization of the polymers involved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and fluorescence analysis to assess their temperature and salt resistance, reduction in filtrate loss, and blocking abilities. The polymers, containing hydrophobic groups at 300 mg/L concentrations, demonstrated excellent temperature resistance, maintaining 50% of their original viscosity at 95 °C, and sustained effectiveness in 50 g/L salt solutions, surpassing conventional polymers like HPAM. The sealing effect of this hydrophobic conjugated polymer on cracks with different openings can effectively solve the leakage problem. It addresses the need for effective plugging in heterogeneous formation with uncertain leak channel dimensions. Therefore, this study is of great significance for solving cementing leakage, especially for oil and gas reservoir protection in non-homogeneous reservoirs.

Viscosities of Aqueous Solutions of Mg(NO3)2, HNO3, and Their Mixtures to High Concentrations at 298 to 328 K

Viscosities of Aqueous Solutions of Mg(NO₃)₂, HNO₃, and Their Mixtures to High Concentrations at 298 to 328 K

An Exceptionally Salt Tolerant Copoly(Maleimide Sulfobetaine) - Structural Requirements for Ultra-Salt Tolerance.

Zwitterionic polymers are an important class of polymers with far-ranging applications. In the widely studied poly(meth)acrylate and poly(meth) acrylamide-based zwitterions, properties can be tuned by changing the nature of substituents attached to ammonium ions. However, these changes influenced salt tolerance of zwitterionic polymers only to a limited extent. Upon adding salt these polymers expanded in solution initially. Further increase in salt concentration caused the polymer chains to shrink similar to the common water soluble, uncharged polymers thereby deteriorating the viscosity of aqueous solutions. In contrast to the conventional poly(meth)acrylate and poly(meth)acrylamide-based zwitterions, zwitterionic copolymaleimides showed substituent dependent salt-tolerant nature. In the absence of any substituent on the polymer backbone such as zwitterionic poly(ethylene-alt-maleimide) (ZI-PEMA) the viscosity of salt solutions increased both with the increasing salt concentration as well as the concentration of polymer. This is likely due to the continuous expansion of polymer coil in salt solutions with increasing salt concentration caused primarily by the rigidity of the polymer backbone. ZI-PEMA also enhanced the saturation limit of mono- and divalent salts like sodium chloride and hydrated calcium bromide in water. This property is useful for various applications like fish curing, for making high-density fluids, refrigeration, etc. across various industrial sectors.

Density and coefficients of Jones–Dole equation for viscosity measurement of l-isoleucine, l-proline, and l-glutamine in aqueous KCl solution at 298.15–323.15 K

The present studies reported the experimental data on thermophysical properties such as density and viscosity of aqueous solutions of different amino acids namely l-isoleucine, l-proline, and l-glutamine in 1.5 mol/L KCl solution at different temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 323.15 K. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate interactions between amino acids and KCl solution at dilute concentrations. For understanding amino acid and KCl solution interactions, we will investigate ion–ion and ion–solvent interactions. It has been observed that the density and viscosity rise with amino acid concentration and decrease with temperature. Using the Jones–Dole equation, the viscosity A and B coefficients have been determined. The viscosity B-coefficient values for all the three amino acids in aqueous electrolyte system are depicted as positive. The positive values of B-coefficient indicate a strong alignment of the solvent molecules with solute molecules. The amino acid l-glutamine acts as a structure breaker solute. This structure breaking effect of l-glutamine on solvent may be attributed to the domination of hydrophilic nature of amide group. l-isoleucine and l-proline act as structure maker in electrolyte system.

The role of hyperbranched polyesters in acrylamide‐based polymers as thickening agents in aqueous solutions

AbstractAcrylamide polymers are typically used in industrial and healthcare sectors as thickening agents; however, their thickening capabilities rely mainly in their molecular mass. A versatile and simple strategy to improve their performance is the copolymerization with specific monomers or their chemical modification with structures like dendritic or hyperbranched molecules. This study introduces a novel acrylamide‐acrylic acid polymer grafted with minor proportions (≤4.0 wt%) of Boltorn H30, a hyperbranched polyester monomer. The incorporation of Boltorn H30 aims to exploit the hyperbranched architecture's impact on the viscosity and rheological behavior of polymer solutions. Polymers with 0.4 and 4.0 polyester wt% characterized by several analytical techniques displayed improved viscosity in aqueous solution compared against the parent poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid). Results revealed that while the molecular mass distribution changed between 20% and 94%, the thickening capabilities significantly improved with increments of 2.7 and 3.8 times compared to that of the original polymers. These findings demonstrate that even with a minimal incorporation of hyperbranched polyesters, the abundance of hydroxyl groups fosters extensive hydrogen bonding, resulting in enhanced viscosity properties of the polymer.

The study of galactomannans with different molecular weights and their ability to form microparticles suitable for pulmonary delivery

The influence of locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannans (GMs) molecular weight (Mw) to assemble microparticulate systems was evaluated, and carriers for deep lung delivery were developed. A commercial batch of LBG with a mannose/galactose (M/G) ratio of 2.4 (batch 1) was used to study the influence of different microwave partial acid hydrolysis conditions on carbohydrate composition, glycosidic linkages, and aqueous solutions viscosity. The microwave treatment did not affect the composition, presenting 4-Man (36–42 %), 4,6-Man (27–35 %), and T-Gal (24–25 %) as the main glycosidic linkages. Depolymerization led to a viscosity reduction (≤0.005 Pa·s) with no major impact on polysaccharide debranching. The structural composition of the LBG galactomannans were further elucidated with sequence-specific proteins using carbohydrate microarray technologies. A second batch of LBG (M/G 3.3) was used to study the impact of GMs with different Mw on microparticle assembling, characteristics, and insulin release kinetics. The low-Mw GMs microparticles led to a faster release (20 min) than the higher-Mw (40 min) ones, impacting the release kinetics. All microparticles exhibited a safety profile to cells of the respiratory tract. However, only the higher-Mw GMs allowed the assembly of microparticles with sizes suitable for this type of administration.

Computing solubility and thermodynamic properties of H2O2 in water

Hydrogen peroxide plays a key role in many environmental and industrial chemical processes. We performed classical Molecular Dynamics and Continuous Fractional Component Monte Carlo simulations to calculate thermodynamic properties of H2O2 in aqueous solutions. The quality of the available force fields for H2O2 developed by Orabi and English (2018) [67], and by Cordeiro (2014) [69] was systematically evaluated. To assess which water force field is suitable for predicting properties of H2O2 in aqueous solutions, four widely used water force fields were used, namely the TIP3P, TIP4P/2005, TIP5P-E, and a modified TIP3P force field. While the computed densities of pure H2O2 in the temperature range of 253 - 353 K using the force field by Orabi & English are in excellent agreement with experimental results, the densities using the force field by Cordeiro are underestimated by 3%. The TIP4P/2005 force field in combination with the H2O2 force field developed by Orabi & English can predict the densities of H2O2 aqueous solution for the whole range of H2O2 mole fractions in very good agreement with experimental results. The TIP4P/2005 force field in combination with either of the H2O2 force fields can predict the viscosities of H2O2 aqueous solutions for the whole range of H2O2 mole fractions in reasonably good agreement with experimental results. The computed diffusion coefficients for H2O2 and water molecules using the TIP4P/2005 force field with either of the H2O2 force fields are almost constant for the whole range of H2O2 mole fractions. Hydrogen bond analysis showed a steady increase in the number of hydrogen bonds with the solute concentrations in H2O2 aqueous solutions for all combinations except for the Cordeiro-TIP5P-E and Orabi-TIP5P-E systems, which showed a minimum at intermediate concentrations. The Cordeiro force field for H2O2 in combination with either of the water force fields can predict the Henry coefficients of H2O2 in water in better agreement with experimental values than the force field by Orabi & English.

Dynamics of Formamide-Water Mixtures Investigated by Linear and Nonlinear Infrared Spectroscopy.

Formamide (FA) exhibits complete miscibility with water, offering a simplified model for exploring the solvation dynamics of peptide linkages in biophysical processes. Its liquid state demonstrates a three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network akin to water, reflecting solvent-like behavior. Analyzing the microscopic structure and dynamics of FA-water mixtures is expected to provide crucial insights into hydrogen bonding dynamics─a key aspect of various biophysical phenomena. This study is focused on the dynamics of FA-water mixtures using linear and femtosecond infrared spectroscopies. By using the intrinsic OD stretch and extrinsic probe SCN-, the local vibrational behaviors across various FA-water compositions were systematically investigated. The vibrational relaxation of OD stretch revealed a negligible impact of FA addition on the vibrational lifetime of water molecules, underscoring the mixture's water-like behavior. However, the reorientational dynamics of OD stretch slowed with increasing FA mole fraction (XFA), plateauing beyond XFA > 0.5. This suggests a correlation between OD's reorientational time and the strength of the hydrogen bond network, likely tied to the solution's changing dielectric constant. Conversely, the vibrational relaxation dynamics of SCN- was strongly correlated with XFA, highlighting a competition between water and FA molecules in solvating SCN-. Moreover, a linear relationship between rising viscosity and the prolonged correlation time of SCN-'s slow dynamics indicates that the solution's macroscopic viscosity is dictated by the extended structures formed between FA and water molecules. The relation between the reorientation dynamics of the SCN- and the macroscopic viscosity in aqueous FA-water mixture solutions was analyzed by using the Stokes-Einstein-Debye equations. The direct viscosity-diffusion coupling is observed, which can be attributed to the homogeneous dynamics feature in FA-water mixture solutions. The inclusion of these intrinsic and extrinsic probes not only enhances the comprehensiveness of our analysis but also provides valuable insights into various aspects of the dynamics within the FA-water system. This investigation sheds light on the fundamental dynamics of FA-water mixtures, emphasizing their molecular-level homogeneity in this binary mixture solution.

Effect of CaCl2 on the micromorphology of a self-thickening agent (TZXJ) for acidizing diversion

The effect of CaCl2 on the micromorphology of a self-thickening agent (TZXJ) was investigated. This study involved analyzing the compositional changes in acid solutions during acid–rock reactions. It combined dynamic light scattering and viscosity testing to confirm that the presence of CaCl2 enhances the aggregation strength of the TZXJ network structure in acid solutions. This enhancement is macroscopically evident as an increase in viscosity. Incorporating 10 % CaCl2 as a promoter into a fresh acid solution, the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) distribution of TZXJ in varying reaction stages was analyzed using dynamic light scattering experiments. The results indicated that the promoter CaCl2 further strengthens the network association of the TZXJ acid solution, thereby improving its thickening capability. Investigating the viscosity of TZXJ aqueous solutions with varying concentrations of CaCl2 revealed that TZXJ exhibits notable salt-thickening effects and can withstand saturated CaCl2 solutions. The microstructural aggregation state and morphology of TZXJ in aqueous solutions were characterized at different CaCl2 concentrations. Dynamic light scattering results demonstrated an increase in the Rh of TZXJ solutions with CaCl2 concentrations. In particular, the mean Rh of a 0.8 % TZXJ solution increased from 150.8 nm to 3078.93 nm. Ultraviolet spectral analysis confirmed that the absorption intensity of the TZXJ solutions increased with CaCl2 concentration, indicating a strengthened network aggregate structure in the TZXJ solutions. Microscopic observations using environmental scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that under the influence of calcium chloride, the microstructure of TZXJ transitions from a non-associated, linear carbon chain skeleton to a dense, aggregated network structure. The findings of this study offer theoretical insights for researching polymers resistant to extreme concentrations of CaCl2.

Ultrasonic Velocity and Related Parameters Study of PCE Water-Soluble Polymer

Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of aqueous solutions of polycarboxylate ether [PCE] superplastiziser polymer at one of a thoughtful concentrations and temperatures (298.15, 303.13, 308.15 and 313.15)K. different interplay parameters were calculated by the investigational values of density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of polycarboxylate ether Water-Soluble Polymer. The viscosity of superplastiziser polymer solution will increase with growing awareness of aqueous answers of polycarboxylate ether. The ultrasonic speed increases from 298.15 K to 308.15K, at that time yet again decreases for 313.15K because the temperature will increase, density, adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length duration lower and ultrasonic velocities, acoustic impedance, molar volumes and molar sound velocities turned into discovered to will increase. The ultrasonic velocities to start with boom then decreases with growing consciousness of polycarboxylate ether. For 0.05 polycarboxylate ether it indicates most ultrasonic velocities

The physicochemical and DNA binding studies of ceftazidime pentahydrate and cefotaxime sodium in aqueous medium

Abstract Ceftazidime pentahydrate (CP) and cefotaxime sodium (CS) are semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics and are used to treat a variety of diseases worldwide. In order to explore the efficiency of a medicinal compound, it is important to have a deep understanding of its solution and physiochemical behaviour along with its interaction with biological molecules. In this regard, the solution of two drugs i.e., ceftazidime pentahydrate (CP) and cefotaxime sodium (CS) were investigated in detail. The physicochemical properties of drugs solutions and their interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were studied in water under varying experimental parameters. In the present study the physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and conductance of aqueous solution, having various molar concentrations, of CP and CS were traced out at different temperatures. Five various concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.3 mol dm−3) of each drug in an aqueous medium were prepared separately, and the physicochemical properties of each solution, were studied individually at temperatures such as 293, 303, 313, 323, and 333 K respectively. Most of these parameters have shown different behaviour with varying concentration of solution and temperature of the medium. In addition, these drugs showed a spontaneous surface-active and association behaviour in aqueous solutions and drug DNA solution. The flow behaviour, surface properties, volumetric behaviour and solute–solvent interaction of this drug were prominently influenced by experimental variables. UV-Visible spectroscopy was also used to study the interaction of these drugs with DNA in aqueous media in detail. Calculated values of binding constants (K b) for all drug–DNA are positive, indicating constructive binding and interactions between the molecules. In addition the binding efficiency of ceftazidime pentahydrate was found more than that of cefotaxime sodium. The interaction of drug–DNA was not only affected by the nature of the drug but also by the drug-to-DNA ratio and nature of the medium used.

Protein Preferential Solvation in (Sucralose + Water) Mixtures.

Addition of sugars such as sucrose to aqueous protein solutions generally stabilizes proteins against thermal denaturation by preferential exclusion of sugars from proteins (preferential hydration of proteins). In this study, we investigated the effect of sucralose, a chlorinated sucrose derivative, on protein stability and preferential solvation. Circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements showed that sucrose increased the denaturation temperature of myoglobin and was preferentially excluded from the protein, whereas sucralose decreased the denaturation temperature of myoglobin and was preferentially adsorbed to the protein. No clear evidence was obtained for the indirect effects of sucralose on protein destabilization via the structure and properties of solvent water from the physicochemical properties (mass density, sound velocity, viscosity, and osmolality) of aqueous sucralose solutions; therefore, we concluded that a direct protein-sucralose interaction induced protein destabilization.

Anomalous Concentration Dependence of Viscosity: Hidden Role of Cross-Correlations in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions.

The viscosity of aqueous electrolyte solutions exhibits well-known composition-dependent anomalies that show certain definitive trends and universal features. The viscosity of LiCl and NaCl solutions increases with concentration in a monotonic fashion, while solutions of KCl, RbCl, and CsCl exhibit a more complex behavior. Here, the viscosity first decreases and then increases with increasing concentration, with a rather broad minimum at intermediate concentrations (ca. 1-3 m). To unearth the origin of such puzzling behavior, we carried out detailed molecular-level analyses by interrogating the exact Green-Kubo expression of viscosity in terms of the stress-stress time correlation function (SS-TCF). The total SS-TCF can be decomposed into a collection of three self- and three cross-SS-TCFs arising from the three constituent components (water, cations, and anions). Mode coupling theory (MCT) analysis for the friction on ions and the viscosity of the solution suggests the possible importance of two-particle static and time-dependent cross-correlations between water and the ions. We calculate the viscosity and other dynamical properties for all five electrolyte (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl) solutions over a range of concentrations, using two models of water (SPC/E and TIP4P/2005). The total viscosity derives non-negligible contributions from all of the terms. The cross-correlations are found to be surprisingly large and seen to play a hidden role in the concentration dependence. However, the importance of cross-correlations is often not discussed. Our study leads to a theoretical understanding of the microscopic origin of the observed anomalies in the composition dependence of viscosity across all five electrolytes.

Structure of aqueous alkali metal halide electrolyte solutions from molecular simulations of phase-transferable polarizable models

The structure of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides is studied under ambient thermodynamic conditions and concentrations from infinite dilution to supersaturation using molecular dynamics simulations of phase-transferable polarizable models. The results of the solution densities, radial distribution functions, 3D spatial distribution functions, the properties of hydrogen and other noncovalent bonds in solutions, hydration numbers, coordination numbers, numbers of contact cation-anion pairs, and other statistics of the number of ions hydrated simultaneously by a shared water molecule are systematically presented. In particular, the results show and quantify how the strengths of the hydration bonds of different ions vary and how the hydration numbers decrease with increasing concentration in parallel with an increase in the number of contact cation-anion pairs. In most cases, they completely compensate for the loss of water-ion bonds by an increase in cation-anion bonds. An exception are solutions based on the Li+ cation, which retain a solid hydration shell even at high concentrations. This behavior is conceptualized on the basis of three imaginary driving forces: the first dominating at low concentrations and causing full hydration of the ions, the second representing a lack of water necessary for full hydration of the ions and increasing with increasing concentration, and the third attracting counterions to the water-unoccupied sites of the hydration shells and also increasing with concentration. This concept can be used not only to understand the structural behavior of homogeneous electrolytes in thermodynamic equilibrium but also to study phenomena that involve preferential adsorption of ions on electrodes, in nanochannels, or porous materials. The data obtained for the number and strength of hydration bonds and ion pairs can also be used in further studies to elucidate the diffusion behavior, viscosity, and conductivity of aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Machine learning techniques for the estimation of viscosity and density of aqueous solutions in piezo-actuated 3D-printed cells

Machine learning techniques for the estimation of viscosity and density of aqueous solutions in piezo-actuated 3D-printed cells

Dielectric relaxation and thermodynamic study of aqueous Glycine using time domain reflectometry technique

Using the Time Domain Reflectometry technique in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 50 GHz, the complex permittivity spectra of Glycine (Gly) with water combination have been determined over the complete concentration range of mole fractions and in temperature range of 10–25 °C. The Cole-Davidson model was used to fit the intricate permittivity spectra for Gly and water.The non-linear least square fit method has been used to compute the static dielectric constant (ε0), relaxation time (τ), effective Kirkwood correlation factor (geff), excess permittivity (ε0E), (1/τ)E excess inverse relaxation time (1/τ)E and Bruggeman factor (fB). An automated density and sound velocity meter, the Anton Paar DSA 5000 M and viscosity with Lovis 2000 M/ME, was used to measure the density, sound velocity, and viscosity of aqueous solutions. FT-IR spectra are used to identify the conformation assessments of hydrogen bonding development between complicated mixtures.

Rheological properties and color indexes of ultrasonic treated aqueous solutions of basil, Lallemantia, and wild sage gums

This research aimed to analyze the impacts of sonication on the rheological properties and color indexes of aqueous solutions of Basil seed gum (BSG), Lallemantia seed gum (LSG), and Wild sage seed gum (WSG). The apparent viscosity (AV) of aqueous solutions of gums decreased with increasing shear rate (SR) from 12.2 s−1 to 134.5 s−1. Also, the AV (at SR = 61 s−1) of BSG, LSG, and WSG solutions reduced from 0.015 to 0.006 Pa.s, 0.023 to 0.010 Pa.s, and 0.009 to 0.004 Pa.s with enhancing the sonication time from 0 to 20 min, respectively. Various rheological equations were employed to fit the empirical values, and the findings confirmed that the Power law (PL) model was the best fit to explain the flow behaviour of these gums solutions. The consistency coefficient (k-index) of BSG, LSG, and WSG solutions significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 0.108 to 0.017 Pa.sn, 0.143 to 0.033 Pa.sn, and 0.034 to 0.014 Pa.sn with increasing sonication time from 0 to 20 min, respectively. The flow behaviour index (n-index) of the gums solutions increased with increasing sonication time. By applying ultrasound, the lightness (L⁎) and blueness/yellowness (b⁎) indexes of the solutions were increased, and the greenness/redness (a⁎) index was reduced.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF BIODEGRADABLE CRYOGELS BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND POTATO STARCH FOR USE IN SOIL EROSION CONTROL

Compositions for the formation of three-component elastic cryogels based on the aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and potato starch are proposed. It is shown that the viscosity of aqueous solutions depends both on the kind of polymer and on the total content of polymers in the system. The elasticity modulus of three-component cryogels depends on the concentration of starch in them and increases from 5 to 15 kPa with the addition of starch in the amount of 1-5 wt. %. By introducing a dispersed material (soil) into the matrix of two-and three-component cryogels, due to the high adhesion of the polymer to the filler, the filled cryogels were obtained, with the elasticity modulus 16 times higher than that of cryogels without the filler. The introduction of potato starch in the amount of 5 wt. % into PVA cryogel caused an increase in the time of its complete drying by 24 h, and an increase in its destruction during exposure in water by 5% within a week. Two-component cryogels exhibited sharply different types of behaviour during storage in water: PVA cryogel did not lose its mass, while mass loss by the cryogel of potato starch was 11% within a week. A decrease in the mass of three-component cryogels by 75-89% due to the loss of moisture and destruction was demonstrated in the soil test under the action of aboriginal soil microflora. The mass loss by the two-component cryogel based on PVA was 60%. Soil testing for phytotoxicity after the destruction of three-component cryogels revealed a decrease in the germination capacity of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) by 2-10% with respect to the reference experiment, depending on starch content, while for the reference two-component PVA cryogel the corresponding decrease was by 18%. Cryostructuring of the upper soil layer by PVA cryogel caused an increase in the dry above-ground mass of plants by 3.2% in comparison with the reference, while the cryogel with potato starch caused an increase by 7.1%, and cryogel based on PVA and potato starch gave 9.4%.