Rationale Previous studies have shown that albuterol increases IL-4 and decreases IFN-γ. This study was designed to determine whether the addition of albuterol to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alters the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile of RSV-stimulated PBMCs. Methods PBMCs were isolated from three adult donors and incubated with RSV in the presence or absence of albuterol. After incubation, cell-free supernatant was collected and IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results PBMCs from two patients had no baseline IFN-γ production and one had 10.69 pg/mL. Baseline IL-4 concentrations were 6.65 pg/mL, 5.20 pg/mL and 1.30 pg/mL. Baseline IL-5 concentrations were 479.2 pg/mL, 1570 pg/mL, and 169.7 pg/mL. RSV increased IFN-γ (to 770 pg/mL, 166 pg/mL, and 69.44 pg/mL) and IL-4 (to 10.32 pg/mL, 6 pg/mL, and 2.45 pg/mL) and decreased IL-5 (to 404.3 pg/mL, 1220 pg/mL, and 56.05 pg/mL). Addition of albuterol to RSV-stimulated PBMCs had a mild and variable effect on IFN-γ production (increased 4.7%, increased 23%, and decreased 7.2%). In contrast, addition of albuterol increased IL-4 by 78%, 53%, and 32% compared to RSV and increased IL-5 by 10%, 24%, and 30% compared to RSV. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that while IFN-γ is not greatly affected by albuterol in RSV-stimulated mononuclear cells, IL-4 and IL-5 invariably increased. Current literature indicates that albuterol is not always efficacious in treatment of bronchiolitis. Our data suggest that albuterol may enhance a Th2 response in RSV infection. In light of this information, albuterol should be used judiciously in RSV-infected patients.