Virtuous Attitude Research Articles

Literasi Dasar Bagi Para Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Basic literacy is a basic priority or priority scale that needs to be strengthened and stabilized. The cultivation and formation of basic literacy skills is a real manifestation of the mental revolution program, even mental evolution. Therefore, basic literacy needs to be strengthened because it is the foundation for the lives of future generations. Apart from that, the basic literacy movement that is being intensified aims to support the realization of free humans. What is meant by free humans are free humans who can read and write to gain knowledge and use this knowledge for the good and sustainability of their lives. This article discusses the implementation of Community Service in Rangalaka Village, Kotabaru District, Ende Regency, which will take place from 1 to 30 August 2022. The focus of service activities is the implementation of basic literacy activities in the form of tutoring for students in Rangalaka Village, namely Lewoketo Inpres Elementary School and Satap Ligalejo Middle School. Tutoring is focused on elementary and junior high school students to provide knowledge strengthening, instilling a virtuous attitude in students so that they have good knowledge and attitudes in facing their future.

Green next-generation excipients enriched in polyphenols from recovery of grape processing waste black bentonite: Influence of unconventional extraction solvents on antioxidant properties and composition.

According to the UN Agenda 2030, several actions could be taken to act synergistically towards various areas of critical importance for both the humanity and the planet. Among them, the application of a circular economy model based on the valorisation of the wastes from the local resources could be a virtuous attitude. In this view, this work proposes a dual green approach for recovery of the waste black bentonite from the fining of organic white grape must. Indeed, this virtuous recovery idea is enhanced by the choice of both eco-friendly extraction method (maceration) and solvents. The latter were unconventional solvents selected among the pharmaceutic/cosmetic liquid hydrophilic excipients (waste-to-market approach) characterized by safety and high solvent power toward polyphenols. PEGs (200, 400, 600), Propylene Glycol and Glycerol were tested and the extracted compared by HPLC-DAD analyses as well as the Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and Bradford assays. PEG200 emerged as the best one, leading to coloured extract containing great amount of polyphenols (3.123 ± 0.106 mg/g) and specifically Quercetin (60.778 ± 2.307 μg/mL), which confer it interesting scavenger properties, potentially making it directly useful in a wide range of fields from the pharmaceutic to the cosmetic ones.

Implementasi Ajaran Catur Paramita Di Panti Asuhan Dana Punia

The purpose of making this article is to get to know, discover and understand more deeply the teachings of Catur Paramita at the Dana Punia Singaraja Orphanage. The method used to find out the teachings of Catur Paramita at the Dana Punia Singaraja Orphanage in this article is to use the literature review method. Catur Paramita are four virtuous attitudes of behavior consisting of Maitri, Karuna, Mudita and Upeksa. The discussion regarding the teachings of Catur Paramita at the Dana Punia Singaraja Orphanage shows that: 1) the environmental conditions of the Dana Punia Orphanage are the right target for implementing the teachings of Catur Paramita; 2) implementing the teachings of Catur Paramita is an obligation that is applied to the children of the Dana Punia Orphanage.

Testimonial justice and the voluntarism problem: the virtue of just acceptance

ABSTRACT This paper examines the ‘voluntarism’ challenge for achieving testimonial justice and advocates the virtue of just acceptance of testimony as the right target for efforts to alleviate testimonial injustice. First, we review the credibility deficit case of interpersonal testimonial injustice and explain how the doxastic voluntarism problem poses a challenge to redressing such testimonial injustice. Specifically, the voluntarism problem seems to rule out straightforward control over what and whom people believe; thus, the solution to the problem of testimonial injustice cannot lie in voluntarily self-correcting unjust credibility judgements and replacing them with just testimonial beliefs. Second, we identify three distinctive characteristics of acceptance of testimony, as distinct from belief, and argue that, while it might be difficult to form credibility judgements completely voluntarily, it is easier to control one’s attitude of acceptance towards a speaker’s testimony. We hold that shifting focus from testimonial belief to acceptance can overcome the problem of (synchronic) involuntarism about testimonial belief. Third, we articulate a vision of a virtue of just acceptance of testimony that can move a hearer to collect the right evidence to reliably find the answer to whether a speaker’s testimony is true. Finally, we demonstrate that encouraging people to take a virtuous attitude of just acceptance towards a speaker’s testimony forms the basis of a remedial vision of education that can play a distinctive role in fostering the virtue of just acceptance aimed at testimonial justice.

Profile of the Implementation of the Meaning Model in Science Learning 2013-2022

The meaning model is one of the models needed in the era of rapid globalization in building the character of students. This research was conducted to describe and analyze the implementation of the meaning learning model in Indonesia. The method applied in this research is a library study sourced from previous research that has been published in international and national journals. Based on an analysis of 20 learning articles using the meaning learning model in Indonesia, it can be seen that the meaning learning model has a positive impact on student responses, which can improve student learning outcomes, increase students' understanding of concepts and foster virtuous attitudes towards the surrounding environment. The application of the meaning learning model is able to transmit positive behavior and contains wisdom, this model requires structured planning to support the implementation of the meaning learning model.

Moral Competence, Moral Teamwork, Moral Action – Outcomes of Moral Case Deliberation in the Euro-MCD 2.0 For Evaluating Clinical Ethics Support

"Background: For Moral Case Deliberation (MCD), like any form of Clinical ethics support (CES), it is important to know whether it reaches its presumed goal of supporting healthcare professionals in their ethical challenges. Evaluation is needed to gain insight in the value of MCD. Therefore, the Euro-MCD instrument was developed to assess outcomes of MCD, and has now been revised. The aim of this presentation is to present the revised Instrument: the Euro-MCD 2.0. Methods: The revision process was an iterative dialogue in which field study findings were integrated with theoretical reflections and expert-input. Results: The Euro-MCD 2.0 has three domains: 1) Moral Competence, 2) Moral Teamwork and 3) Moral Action. Moral Competence includes items on moral sensitivity, analytical skills and a virtuous attitude, like ‘I speak up in ethically difficult situations’. Moral Teamwork refers to open dialogue and supportive relationships, for example ‘We feel secure to share emotions in ethically difficult situations’. Moral Action includes items about moral decision-making and responsible care, like ‘We are able to explain and justify our care towards patients and their families’. Discussion: The Euro-MCD 2.0 is shorter and more strongly substantiated by empirical data and theoretical reflections. At the conference, we will reflect on the revision process and the underlying foundations of the domains. The revised instrument helps to get insight in the MCD related outcomes for healthcare professionals in their daily practice. Our research can further improve implementation of MCD and contribute to the research field of evaluation of CES in general. "

Vices in autonomous paternalism: The case of advance directives and persons living with dementia1.

Advance directives are intended to extend patient autonomy by enabling patients to prospectively direct the care of their future incapacitated selves. There has been much discussion about issues such as whether the future incompetent self is identical to the agent who issues the advance directive or whether advance directives can legitimately secure patient autonomy. However, there is another important question to ask: to what extent and in what conditions is it ethically appropriate for one to limit the liberty or agency of one's future incompetent self by issuing an advance directive? In this paper, I use a virtue-ethical approach to explore this question, focusing on the case of an advance directive for the future self with moderate dementia. First, I examine virtuous attitudes with regard to autonomy and argue that one can manifest vices or ethically undesirable character traits in trying to intervene in the future self's life. In particular, I argue that this case can manifest vices such as disdainfulness, intellectual arrogance, and self-dictatorship, which is the vice of trying to control one's life to an excessive degree, and that a self-dictator fails to give due moral consideration to the future self's liberty or agency. I then introduce the Daoist idea of wu-wei, which recommends embracement of what happens in one's life, as one of the possible remedies for the overemphasis on the value of autonomy and control.

Moral competence, moral teamwork and moral action - the European Moral Case Deliberation Outcomes (Euro-MCD) Instrument 2.0 and its revision process

BackgroundClinical Ethics Support (CES) services are offered to support healthcare professionals in dealing with ethically difficult situations. Evaluation of CES is important to understand if it is indeed a supportive service in order to inform and improve future implementation of CES. Yet, methods to measure outcomes of CES are scarce. In 2014, the European Moral Case Deliberation Outcomes Instrument (Euro-MCD) was developed to measure outcomes of Moral Case Deliberation (MCD). To further validate the instrument, we tested it in field studies and revised it. This paper presents the Euro-MCD 2.0 and describes the revision process.MethodsThe revision process comprised an iterative dialogue among the authors as Euro-MCD-project team, including empirical findings from six Euro-MCD field-studies and input from European experts in CES and theory. Empirical findings contained perceptions and experiences of MCD outcomes among healthcare professionals who participated in MCDs in various settings in Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands. Theoretical viewpoints on CES, literature on goals of CES and MCD and ethics theory guided the interpretation of the empirical findings and final selection of MCD outcomes.ResultsThe Euro-MCD 2.0 Instrument includes three domains: Moral Competence, Moral Teamwork and Moral Action. Moral Competence consists of items about moral sensitivity, analytical skills and virtuous attitude. Moral Teamwork includes open dialogue and supportive relationships and Moral Action refers to moral decision-making and responsible care. During the revision process, we made decisions about adding and reformulating items as well as decreasing the number from 26 to 15 items. We also altered the sentence structure of items to assess the current status of outcomes (e.g. ‘now’) instead of an assumed improvement over time (e.g. ‘better’) and we omitted the question about perceived importance.ConclusionsThe Euro-MCD 2.0 is shorter, less complex and more strongly substantiated by an integration of empirical findings, theoretical reflections and dialogues with participants and experts. Use of the Euro-MCD 2.0 will facilitate evaluation of MCD and can thereby monitor and foster implementation and quality of MCD. The Euro-MCD 2.0 will strengthen future research on evaluation of outcomes of MCD.

Aristotel’s Teaching on Virtues and its Social Prospects

The article is devoted to the issue of an understanding of a person's way of life through the prism of perception of Aristotle's ethical teachings as an important element of human culture, expressed in the virtuous attitude of people to the world. The presented article reveals the key aspects of virtue in the "Aristotelian" sense and the understanding of the correctness of human actions by the ancient philosopher. As the main value and moral guideline, the scale of virtuous knowledge developed by Aristotle is considered, where virtue itself is the "golden mean", and extremes (vices) are found on different sides of the latter. This work reflects the views of the ancient philosopher on human virtue. He considers the right actions of a person from the point of view of conscious moderation and reasonable prudence in their commission while rejecting the desire to help a person at any cost, as the basis of the measure virtue. Aristotle sees the achievement of "happiness" as the main goal of human behavior. But a feeling of satisfaction from the blissful state should not be expressed as a result of neglect of the moral principles of society but rather through personal growth, achieved through self-improvement, self-restraint, and detachment from attachment to the benefits of the outside world. According to Aristotle, sensory pleasures are achieved not by striving to achieve a comfortable existence in any way but by sensible and moderate motives of a person to feel genuine pleasure through the right actions. It is noted that the Aristotelian doctrine of virtue requires its theoretical understanding and analysis within the framework of the ethics of virtue, which claims to be the practical application of its results in modern society.

The Pied Piper: Prizes, Incentives, and Motivation Crowding-in

In mainstream business and economics, prizes such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom are understood as special types of incentives, with the peculiar features of being awarded in public, and of having largely symbolic value. Informed by both historical considerations and philosophical instances, our study defines fundamental theoretical differences between incentives and prizes. The conceptual factors highlighted by our analytical framework are then tested through a laboratory experiment. The experimental exercise aims to analyze how prizes and incentives impact actual individuals’ behavior differently. Our results show that both incentives (monetary and contingent) and prizes (non-monetary and discretional rewards) boost motivation to perform if awarded publicly, but only prizes crowd in motivation promoting virtuous attitude.

Living Surah al-‘Aṣr in Limbangan Tengah Village [Membumikan Surat al-‘Asr di Desa Limbangan Tengah

Student service in a real work program (KKN) needs to be done as an integral and inseparable part of the Student, to prepare themselves to understand the community and be able to contribute to change the situation better. The service done is in Central Limbangan, hamlet 3 covers RW 06, 07 and 08. The research uses a description-experimental method, a type of living approach to the Quran with interview research steps, teaching and community assistance with the aim of living Surat al-asr in society. The results of this study were viewed from education, religious assistance, and community activities. From the field of education is being able to memorize the Surah al-Asr for students aged 7-12 years, in the field of religious assistance the citizens of the community have practiced surah al-‘asr, from virtuous attitudes, advising each other in truth, and being patient. It can be seen from the pengajian majelis ta'lim bapa / mother doing good deeds by studying and providing food for the congregation, as well as being patient in studying. Whereas in the field of community activity there are still some who have not been able to practice the sura al-'asr, such as community service activities which are the obligation of the community members in a village to protect the environment, the people have not yet realized the importance of cleanliness. firm and consistent in conducting community work activities by RW chairman.

Afro-communal virtue ethic as a foundation for environmental sustainability in Africa and beyond

This paper addresses the question: Can an Afro-communal virtue ethic provide a plausible foundation for environmental sustainability? Drawing on Thaddeus Metz’s perspective and contributions to the Afro-communal ethic tradition, this paper examines the extent to which his proposal provides plausible grounds for environmental sustainability. Metz, in several essays, advances the need for an ethic of communion, which rests on the ubuntu (humanness) virtue principles of shared identity, solidarity, and participative empathy. This paper argues that Metz’s view is a version of virtue ethics, of which flourishing, care and goodwill are important aspects. While this African ethical construct has some limitations, this paper nevertheless maintains that it entails some virtues that have promising normative implications for environmental sustainability. Metz’s views on an Afro-communal virtue ethic is relevant to motivating behavioural changes in the environmental sustainability quest through its capacity to provoke salient virtuous attitudes and values of responsible inter-generational and intra-generational Earth stewardship. Though an African ethical construct, this paper argues that the potential foundational import of Metz’s proposal for environmental sustainability reaches far beyond the geopolitical boundaries of Africa.

ON EPISTEMIC RESPONSIBILITY WHILE REMEMBERING THE PAST: THE CASE OF INDIVIDUAL AND HISTORICAL MEMORIES

The notion of epistemic responsibility applied to memory has been in general examined in the framework of the responsibilities that a collective holds for past injustices, but it has never been the object of an analysis of its own. In this article, I endeavour to isolate and explore it in detail. To this end, I start by conceptualizing the epistemic responsibility applied to individual memories. I conclude that an epistemically responsible individual rememberer is a vigilant agent who knows when to engage in different kinds of mental and nonmental actions in order to monitor and update his or her memories, and who develops and nurtures different kinds of virtuous attitudes that guide those actions. These (epistemic) virtuous attitudes are oriented not only towards oneself but also towards others. Although this conception of epistemic responsibility does not pose a problem for understanding shared memories of family members and friends, it may seem suspicious when applied to large-scale collective memories. These memories, which I name historical memories, are memories of events that have a traumatic impact for the community, are permeated by unequal relations of power, maintain a complex relationship with historical science, and present other characteristics that distinguish them from individual memories. But despite these differences, the analysis undertaken in this work shows that the general principles that govern the epistemic responsibility of individual and (large-scale) collective rememberers are similar, and are based on similar grounds: pragmatic considerations about the consequences of misremembering or forgetting and a feeling of care. The similarities on the individual and collective scale of the epistemically vigilant attitude that is and should be taken toward our significant past may partially justify the use of the same epithet—“memory”—to refer to these different kinds of representations.

The Pied Piper: Prizes, Incentives, and Motivation Crowding-In

In mainstream business and economics, prizes such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom are understood as special types of incentives, with the peculiar features of being awarded in public, and of having largely symbolic value. Informed by both historical considerations and philosophical instances, our study defines fundamental theoretical differences between incentives and prizes. The conceptual factors highlighted by our analytical framework are then tested through a laboratory experiment. The experimental exercise aims to analyze how prizes and incentives impact actual individuals' behavior differently. Our results show that both incentives (monetary and contingent) and prizes (non-monetary and discretional rewards) boost motivation to perform if awarded publicly, but only prizes crowd-in motivation promoting virtuous attitude.

The Pied Piper: Prizes, Incentives, and Motivation Crowding-in

In mainstream business and economics, prizes such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom are understood as special types of incentives, with the peculiar features of being awarded in public, and of having largely symbolic value. Informed by both historical considerations and philosophical instances, our study defines fundamental theoretical differences between incentives and prizes. The conceptual factors highlighted by our analytical framework are then tested through a laboratory experiment. The experimental exercise aims to analyze how prizes and incentives impact actual individuals’ behavior differently. Our results show that both incentives (monetary and contingent) and prizes (non-monetary and discretional rewards) boost motivation to perform if awarded publicly, but only prizes crowd-in motivation promoting virtuous attitude.

Prevedil – the development of a mobile application for the prevention of workplace injury

This research protocol is concerning the development of a mobile application for the prevention of workplace injury and work-related pathologies through the design and use of multimedia and interactive learning tools in offline. The design idea aims at protecting the health through the winning approach of two apparently distant thematic areas, namely modern technologies and prevention. From this mixture, we are projecting to make a resolution product or, at the very least, a contributor to hinder one of the major woes of our day: accidents at work. Our challenge is to correct behavioral models and little virtuous attitudes (deriving from cultural, social, familial factors, etc.) related to work procedures, using the new technology communication systems to promote health culture and Safety in workplaces and the dissemination of good operating practices and guidelines aimed at increasing awareness, perception of risks and critical thinking.

La prima colazione delle famiglie italiane: uno sguardo dall'interno

The role of has gained strong momentum in the media system thereby fostering the mantra breakfast is the most important meal of the day. The paper presents the results of a qualitative research targeted at gaining real insights concerning the practices of Italian families. Researches have applied an innovative research tool, namely the mobile video ethnography. The 16 involved Italian families - each with children between six and sixteen years of age, coming from the North and the South of Italy and with different education level - have recorded their breakfasts using a smartphone. Moreover, they answered to three simple questions about what they usually eat, with whom they have and what feeling they have about it. Results confirm the expected notion of as a key moment in family life, but also a discrepancy between a verbal virtuous attitude toward healthy, organic, and homemade food and the actual widespread consumption of packaged goods. Eventually, the paper outlines different models, each representing a distinct emerging social trend.

TINJAUAN FILSAFAT KEBUDAYAAN TERHADAP UPACARA ADAT BERSIH-DESA DI DESA TAWUN, KECAMATAN KASREMAN, KABUPATEN NGAWI, JAWA TIMUR

Bersih-Desa in Tawun village is an individual expression and collective interaction of the society which have the quality of traditional agrarian, therefore the presence of this ceremony cannot be separated from the socio-cultural’s parts and activities of the society. There are some valuable reasons behind this question why this ceremony still exists until this present day, the main reason is because the ceremony has some elements and cultural factors and also some virtuous values which then give such a good live guide to their generation. The method of this research is ‘hermeneutics philosophical’. This research is done by combining the library research which is reinforced with the direct observation. The results of this research is the existence of a cultural philosophy concept of the ritual ceremony ‘Bersih-Desa’ in Tawun village including its elements and determinant factors that caused in the presence of the ceremony until this present-day and also there are society understanding toward this ceremony. This ritual ceremony implements some values and virtuous attitudes which then it can be done by the society because it gives some positive impacts for their development. The society is highly expected for not only able to understand the values which are consisted in its ceremony, but they have also able to use it in their daily life.

Compassionate Love as a Cornerstone of Servant Leadership: An Integration of Previous Theorizing and Research

Servant leadership is increasingly gaining interest inside and outside academia. This article builds and extends current theorizing by describing the process that introduces compassionate love as a practical translation for the need to serve, which was positioned by Greenleaf (Servant leadership: a journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness, Paulist Press, New York, 1977) as the core of servant leadership. This article takes a virtues perspective and shows how servant leadership may encourage a more meaningful and optimal human functioning with a strong sense of community to current-day organizations. In essence, we propose that a leader’s propensity for compassionate love will encourage a virtuous attitude in terms of humility, gratitude, forgiveness and altruism. This virtuous attitude will give rise to servant leadership behavior in terms of empowerment, authenticity, stewardship and providing direction.

“Us and Them”: a social network analysis of physicians’ professional networks and their attitudes towards EBM

BackgroundExtant research suggests that there is a strong social component to Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) adoption since professional networks amongst physicians are strongly associated with their attitudes towards EBM. Despite this evidence, it is still unknown whether individual attitudes to use scientific evidence in clinical decision-making influence the position that physicians hold in their professional network. This paper explores how physicians’ attitudes towards EBM is related to the network position they occupy within healthcare organizations.MethodsData pertain to a sample of Italian physicians, whose professional network relationships, demographics and work-profile characteristics were collected. A social network analysis was performed to capture the structural importance of physicians in the collaboration network by the means of a core-periphery analysis and the computation of network centrality indicators. Then, regression analysis was used to test the association between the network position of individual clinicians and their attitudes towards EBM.ResultsFindings documented that the overall network structure is made up of a dense cohesive core of physicians and of less connected clinicians who occupy the periphery. A negative association between the physicians’ attitudes towards EBM and the coreness they exhibited in the professional network was also found. Network centrality indicators confirmed these results documenting a negative association between physicians’ propensity to use EBM and their structural importance in the professional network.ConclusionsAttitudes that physicians show towards EBM are related to the part (core or periphery) of the professional networks to which they belong as well as to their structural importance. By identifying virtuous attitudes and behaviors of professionals within their organizations, policymakers and executives may avoid marginalization and stimulate integration and continuity of care, both within and across the boundaries of healthcare providers.