Virtual Volunteering Research Articles

Expanding oncology navigation capacity through digital and in-person volunteer support: ACS Community Access to Resources, Education, and Support (ACS CARES).

205 Background: The American Cancer Society (ACS) CARES (Community Access to Resources, Education, and Support) is a novel nationwide non-clinical navigation program for people with cancer and caregivers. ACS CARES includes a multi-channel approach providing direct, individualized, non-clinical assistance through a native app, telephonic, and in-person support. This study examines the feasibility of leveraging non-clinical virtual and in-person volunteers to expand navigation capacity. Methods: This pragmatic study evaluates the implementation of volunteer navigation of patients and caregivers accessing virtual navigation via the ACS CARES app and in-person/telephonic navigation for patients at 3 pilot cancer centers. Virtual and in-person volunteers aim to deliver timely information and support for health-related social needs (HRSNs) identified using a HRSN assessment, which was adapted from the NCCN distress thermometer and problem list. Initial process measures include number and demographics of patients served, HRSNs, and time spent by volunteers. Results: In the first year, 4,673 individuals utilized the ACS CARES app (54% people with cancer, 31% caregivers, 15% supporters). Since launching the virtual connection feature on 11/30/2023, we have trained 122 virtual volunteers (20% Black, 78% female, 8% Hispanic) who have made 182 connections with app users. App users prioritized matches based on shared cancer experience (47.7%), caregiving for an adult with cancer (28.8%), need for help finding information (12.4%), desire for a Spanish-speaking volunteer (3%), other (8.1%, geographic location, caring for a child with cancer volunteers averaged). Community volunteers averaged 11 messages per connection over 35 days. From 10/23/2023 to 4/30/2024, 31 volunteers at 3 cancer centers navigated 195 patients who were 55% female, 22% Black, with an average age of 53.02. The most common HRSNs were finances and transportation. Volunteers spent an average of 105 min per patient per in-person meeting, 35 min per patient per follow-up call, 38 min per patient coordinating care and sending encrypted messages, and 75 min per patient identifying and providing resources to address barriers to care. Conclusions: Preliminary data indicates feasibility of leveraging the multi-channel approach of CARES to address gaps in access to navigation. App utilization data analysis is ongoing. In-person support will be expanded to 9 additional cancer centers in September.

Does Volunteering Crowd Out Donations? Evidence from Online Experiments

Problem definition: Conventional wisdom often cautions charities against providing volunteer opportunities to potential donors based on the assumption that volunteering crowds out monetary donations. We challenge this assumption and investigate the causal relationship between an individual’s volunteering activities and their subsequent decisions to donate. Methodology/results: We conducted three consequential experiments where participants engaged in virtual assignments and were subsequently prompted to donate to an existing charity. In the first two experiments, participants were tasked with creating affectionate cards for the homeless, enjoying full autonomy in the design of these cards. In the third experiment, participants colored patterns of varying complexity. Our results indicated that volunteering increased both the propensity and the amount of participants’ donations, pointing to a potential explanation rooted in moral consistency. However, as individuals’ volunteering efforts intensified, their subsequent donations decreased, reflecting a mental budgeting mechanism in these settings. Managerial implications: Our results suggest that (i) volunteer programs not only build up a charity’s labor source but may also increase their donation income; (ii) charities should consider developing virtual volunteering programs that increase their resources by connecting them with more volunteers; and (iii) to maximize donations, charities should carefully design light volunteer tasks.

Pediatric Care Volunteerism: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This article explores the deep impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric care volunteerism and specifically highlights the innovative responses and adaptations made by Project Sunshine, an international nonprofit organization headquartered in New York, NY. Prior to the pandemic, Project Sunshine's in-person volunteers played a critical role in providing comfort and support to hospitalized children and their families, bridging the gap between clinical treatment and patient satisfaction. However, COVID-19 brought unprecedented challenges to hospitals around the world, including widespread interruption of volunteer activities due to safety concerns and visitation restrictions. In response, Project Sunshine swiftly pivoted to virtual volunteering by launching TelePlay, an online playroom offering live interactive sessions between trained volunteers and pediatric patients. This approach addressed the immediate volunteering needs of patients during the pandemic and also extended support beyond traditional hospital settings, allowing Project Sunshine to reach children at home facing isolation and socialization challenges. Early pilot data is very encouraging: TelePlay participants were noted by their caregivers to be less anxious after a TelePlay session compared to before (p < 0.001). Additionally, the flexibility and accessibility of TelePlay have opened new avenues for volunteers to engage with their communities, transcending geographical barriers and accommodating varied schedules. As the healthcare landscape transitions back to in-person volunteerism, Project Sunshine embraces a hybrid model, offering both in-person and virtual volunteering opportunities. This flexible approach reflects the organization's commitment to helping shape the future of volunteerism to meet the evolving needs of pediatric patients and volunteers alike.

TECHNOLOGICAL ACCEPTANCE OF VIRTUAL VOLUNTEERING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF YAYASAN AFS ANTARABUDAYA MALAYSIA

This research aims to investigate the technological acceptance of virtual volunteering platforms among members of Yayasan AFS Antarabudaya Malaysia. As the world embraces digital transformations, virtual volunteering offers unique opportunities for global engagement and impact. However, the adoption of such platforms depends on users' willingness to accept and integrate technology into their volunteering experiences. To uncover the key themes influencing technological acceptance, this study employed a qualitative approach through two focus groups. The first focus group consisted of 7 members from the management team of Yayasan AFS Antarabudaya Malaysia, representing the organisational perspective. The second focus group involved seven volunteers actively engaged in virtual volunteering activities, providing insights from the user perspective. Participants shared their attitudes towards technology, perceptions of virtual volunteering, and motivations for adopting or hesitating in using the platforms. Additionally, the study dived into the perceived benefits and barriers the current virtual volunteering platforms. The findings revealed other essential themes, including attitudes towards technology, motivations, user experience and interface, challenges and opportunities. The results of this study contribute valuable insights into promoting technological acceptance in the context of virtual volunteering, thereby empowering the organisation to harness the full potential of technology in their pursuit of meaningful global contributions.

Virtual volunteering, community support, and self-care in Chinese communities in Canada

Abstract Objective: Our study aimed to explore the link between environment and health, driven by a virtual volunteering program, and discuss the implications of virtual volunteering in community support in the postpandemic era. Methods: Using a purposive sampling strategy, we recruited 21 participants with diverse backgrounds, including age and sex. They participated in individual interviews of 1–2 hours, all of which followed a semistructured interview guide centered on topics, such as volunteer experiences, impacts, and understanding of volunteering. The audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results: Our data showed that interpersonal interactions through the virtual volunteering program helped participants deal with loneliness, and boosted their mental health. The social network provided participants with social support. Moreover, activities, such as dancing, yoga, Tai Chi, and singing, facilitated physical health. Participants not only learned various skills but also served as mentors, through which they increased self-efficacy through reciprocal role transformation. Conclusions: Our study concludes that virtual volunteer programs have a positive impact on people’s physical and mental health. The participants demonstrated different levels of resilience when their environments changed. By situating virtual volunteering as the center of people’s health, our findings suggest that people gain informational, instrumental, and emotional support through virtual volunteering. Future research should examine the experiences of individuals from other ethnic groups and settings to supplement this study.

‘SUKARELAWAN SECARA DALAM TALIAN’ (VIRTUAL VOLUNTEERING) DALAM KALANGAN PERTUBUHAN SUKARELA KEBAJIKAN (PSK) DI SABAH

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a major change in the implementation of volunteer activities. Obstacles to implement volunteer activities face to face had to be overcome by NGOs in their delivery of services. However, this situation has not prevented NGOs from continuing to deliver their services to the target group. NGOs are aware of the importance of delivering services to target groups, especially the elderly, children, people with disabilities, women and society in general. This situation has caused NGOs to have to adapt ‘online volunteering’ or known as Virtual Volunteering (VV) which has now been widely implemented throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. In the state of Sabah, the difficulty of internet access in the rural areas has not caused any obstacles for NGOs to continue their service in the emergency relief process. The Sabah Community Service Council is one of the bodies that coordinates and encourages Welfare Voluntary Organizations in Sabah to use VV in delivering services. A survey was conducted on the organizations registered with Sabah Community Service Council on their views in using VV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was conducted by using Google Form, involving a total of twenty-two (22) organizations. The findings of the survey have shown that five (5) organizations have successfully adapted ‘online volunteering’ or VV in helping the children and women, the elderly, the disabled and communities who were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Infrastructures for Virtual Volunteering at Online Music Festivals

Volunteering benefits recipients, volunteers, communities, and society, while digital technologies establish new opportunities for virtual volunteering. We describe how volunteers transitioned the UK's long-established Oxjam grassroots music festival online in response to the COVID pandemic, delivering a local pilot before scaling up nationwide. We adopt an infrastructural perspective to reveal how two teams of volunteers defined a flexible festival format, knitted together diverse technologies into a technical platform, and operated this to deliver the festival. We highlight the need for teams of volunteers to orchestrate both audience and performer trajectories through festivals. We argue for deliberately designing in volunteer labour rather than automating it out by translating traditional roles online while defining new digital ones. We propose to make these roles rewarding through a more social volunteer experience, including privileged backstage access. We highlight the challenges of using social media for such events, including complying with algorithmic policing of rights.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A TOOL FOR ENSURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

Considers the evolution of corporate social responsibility and the formation of the modern paradigm of its development. It was revealed that the modern paradigm of social corporate responsibility defines it as a managerial practice of improving business efficiency based on a balancing of profit and social welfare, an integral element of the organization's development strategy, a factor of its competitiveness and investment attractiveness. It is substantiated that corporate social responsibility is an ethical, legal, ecological, social, philanthropic context of the organization's functioning, which is reflected in long-term participation in CSR-projects that contribute to the improvement of social welfare and increasing the efficiency of sustainable development. The article considers the general trends in the development of modern CSR are: philanthropic support of small businesses, CSR is consistent with stakeholders' values (consumers, employees, managers, owners, investors, suppliers), development of volunteering for employees and virtual volunteering, development of social innovations, development of new approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of CSR-initiatives, development of green technologies, improvement of labour policy, improvement of the non-financial reports of CSR. It was determined that the development of corporate social responsibility will be determined by the digitalization of CSR-activities, the growth of employee engagement, the glocalization of the CSR business model, the full supply chain accountability, the inclusion of CSR in the crisis management system, CSR as a tool for ensuring social equality and social inclusion.

Value-orientation Differentiation of Volunteers Educating of the Internet Encyclopedia “Wikipedia” and the Project “Otvety.” Part 1

The development of the Internet contributes to the activity of education volunteers who disseminate a variety of information on the Web. This study is limited to virtual volunteers who share useful knowledge in cyberspace. Although the issues of volunteering are covered quite widely in psychological science, the volitional mechanisms that encourage online educational activities have been poorly studied. The leading role in the deployment of such prosocial behavior is played by a specific value-orientation system. The purpose of this research is to identify and describe the systems of values and value orientations of online educators, namely representatives of the expert core of the online encyclopedia “Wikipedia” (N = 96) and the question-answer (QA) online project “Otvety” (N = 47). The study is based on the value-specific (SVS, PVQ) methodology developed by Sh. Schwartz and adapted by V.N. Karandashev; the participants belong to the abovementioned expert core groups of online education volunteers. The results reveal their relatively homogeneous set of values, which is developing into an altruistic meta-orientation towards autonomously given and situationally different dissemination of knowledge aimed at providing information (as a public utility) and regulated by self-transcendence and openness to changes. Intersubjective (in terms of normative ideals and individual priorities) and intergroup (in terms of communities) value-related comparison of the study participants - Wikipedia authors and QA “Otvety” service experts - optionally show that the Wikipedians are more inclined to avoid saturated social relationships (being socially inert), however, are much more hedonistic about life than the QA-experts. At the same time, both groups are brought together as close as possible by the radical condemnation of any factors that interfere with social harmony and limit the freedom to manifest oneself as a person. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that further understanding of the personal and group characteristics of education volunteers can expand the scope of education; therefore, in subsequent studies, it is proposed to use successive psychodiagnostic methods that measure value specificity in a psychosocial context.

Reflections of volunteer counselors working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic-Implications for policy and practice.

We reflect on our experience of running a remote volunteer counseling service, known as the Counseling Collective, to support patients and their families during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Town, South Africa, and the learning and implications for practice and policy regarding the effective utilization of volunteers during a crisis or disaster context. The Beta SARS-Co-2 variant dominated the second COVID-19 wave which gained momentum in December 2020, as public sector health teams prepared to deescalate services over the South African summer season. The ferocity with which the wave hit the city soon made it clear that volunteers would be needed to assist with counseling services as the Beta variant caused serious disease, resulting in a significant upswing in hospitalisations and deaths. Four counselors and a colleague with oversight responsibilities of the volunteers reflected on the service we provided. This was done with the benefit of hindsight a year after the activities of the Counseling Collective were wrapped up. Virtual volunteers are a largely untapped resource in the South African health care system. Much is to be gained by using this underutilized resource to deliver patient-centred services, especially in times of crisis. Networks of retired and self-employed health professionals, particularly nurses,-skilled volunteers-are a valuable resource and can be deployed for critical work using their versatile skillsets, in public health emergencies. Telephonic consultations are a useful modality for providing quality care and need to be built into the business of health services. Skills to conduct such consultations and for the provision of palliative care services need to be mainstreamed into the skillsets of health professionals. Public health disaster plans should include a blueprint for the rapid recruitment and deployment of volunteer counselors to assist permanent staff in providing crucial patient-centred care.

Virtual volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic: case studies of virtual animal-assisted activities in a Singapore hospice

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the healthcare sector in many ways. Social safety measures in hospices in Singapore include cessation of non-essential services such as volunteering. Literature shows that volunteers are valuable in enhancing the quality of life of patients in receiving hospice services. They provide patients with needed companionship, and meaningful activities such as bringing their pets into the wards in animal-assisted activities. The rise of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic brought an increasing interest in virtual volunteering such as virtual animal-assisted activities (VAAA). However, there is currently a lack of literature on virtual volunteering as its increased demand is a recent trend. Virtual volunteering in a hospice in Singapore is described through two retrospective case studies of VAAA. These case studies showed that a therapeutic alliance can be effectively built via virtual platforms. Benefits of virtual volunteering include enabling continued service delivery and increased comfort for some patients as virtual interactions can be less intimidating as compared to interacting with an animal in real life. Virtual volunteering may be considered to complement face-to-face volunteering in end-of-life care as part of normal practice.

What It Takes to Lead During COVID …at Least from My Experience

Founding a program is never easy, especially during a global pandemic. However, this was the predicament I found myself in as the President of the student organization, Stepping Out, in the spring of 2020. However, this predicament allowed me to help pioneer a program that helped lay the groundwork for other virtual volunteering programs at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institute (JHMI). Through this reflective piece, I want to share my observations on this event. Additionally, after almost two years as President of Stepping Out and three years as part of the elected board (E-board), I also would like to highlight what I have learned about leadership and providing clinical community service during a global pandemic. By the time you are done reading this, you will learn about the considerations that have to be made when creating and leading a virtual volunteering program, as well as insights into mistakes I made and how to avoid them. Finally, it is my hope that this piece will prove to be useful for future student organization leaders the next time a global pandemic comes around, or at the very least, be an interesting read.

Motivations and Experiences of Older Adult Volunteers in a Telehealth Nursing Simulation Activity

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to safely engaging older adults in volunteer activities. This research explored a unique partnership between a Retired Senior and Volunteer Program (RSVP) and a school of nursing to administer a telehealth virtual simulation training for nurse practitioner students. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nursing simulation coordinators and volunteers after the telehealth simulation exercise. The purpose of this research was to identify principles of successful virtual volunteer engagement for telehealth simulations. This initial pilot study encompassed debriefing interviews with volunteers (N = 3) and interviews with simulation coordinators (N = 2). Three major themes emerged within the response coding: 1) the benefits of virtual simulation volunteering, 2) technology as a facilitating factor and challenge, and 3) unique volunteer management considerations. Both volunteers and coordinators noted that volunteers derived positive emotional benefits and new insights from their participation. Coordinators discussed the “authenticity” factor that older adults brought to the simulation experience as a benefit to engaging older adult volunteers. Technology sub-themes included accessibility considerations, experience with the online format, and other logistical considerations in conducting telehealth simulation. Volunteer management sub-themes encompassed volunteer skills and motivations, the perceived successful aspects of training, and improvements for future simulations. Volunteers discussed an interest and connection to healthcare and education as a motivating factor for their participation in the telehealth simulation. This small scale pilot research will be expanded through future simulation activities to continue to identify principles of practice for engaging older adults in virtual volunteerism.

Multifaceted volunteering: The volunteering experience in the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in light of volunteering styles

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to investigate differences in the volunteering experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic according to three volunteering styles: traditional volunteering that takes place mainly face‐to‐face, virtual volunteering that occurs through digital means and hybrid volunteering that combines virtual and traditional volunteering. The research sample included 657 volunteers during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Four aspects of the volunteering experience were tested: the motivational, the affective, the cognitive and the behavioral. The experience of the hybrid volunteers was more positive in some aspects compared to the others: hybrid volunteers are motivated more by social solidarity, feel that they make a greater contribution to the community, and exhibit greater commitment to volunteer. However, they are less satisfied than the others from the professional accompaniment during their volunteering and experience higher levels of negative affect. The virtual volunteers exhibit relatively low commitment to volunteering and are less satisfied with the feedback they receive from the clients. The content of the special moments of the traditional and hybrid volunteers is usually emotional and focuses on the self, whereas the special moments for the virtual volunteers are purposeful and focused on the client. It is recommended to hold explanatory activities for clients that will encourage expression of thankfulness to the volunteers. Communication channels should be developed in order to afford constant feedback to the virtual volunteers via the digital means by which it takes place. Adaptation of the volunteering styles to the volunteers’ needs and to their technological abilities will ensure commitment to volunteer over time for the benefit of the volunteers and their clients.

Enhancing and Restricting Factors of Formal Voluntary Engagement in Tyrol and the Impact of the Pandemic

Purpose: The insurmountable tensions and turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in welfare systems worldwide demand governmental as well as non-governmental support, especially from the volunteer sector, which can be a powerful resource for mitigating the pandemic’s impacts. To identify ways of mobilising the enormous human resources of the baby boomer generation in particular, whose members are currently on the brink of entering retirement, the factors that have enabled and restricted volunteer management during the pandemic in Tyrol, Austria are examined.&#x0D; Design/Method/Approach: Following a qualitative approach, the authors performed 27 problem-centred interviews with representative senior citizens, retirees and individuals about to retire and companies in Tyrol. The authors evaluated the data in qualitative content analysis.&#x0D; Findings: Self-determination, time flexibility, acceptance of volunteer work in one’s social network and previous personal experience with volunteering are key determinants of sustainable volunteer work amongst retirees. Companies and a well-established acquisition management strategy also play a significant role in promoting volunteer work.&#x0D; Practical Implications and Originality/Value: The study involves a holistic analysis of volunteer work at the individual and organisational levels. By capturing the potential of e-volunteering and how it improves the capacities of classic face-to-face volunteer work, it can support the development of more resilient infrastructures for supporting volunteer work.&#x0D; Research Limitations/Future Research: The interpretation of visual and non-verbal signals was difficult due to the use of phone and online interviews, and the results should not be generalised. Even so, our findings pave the way for future studies on mechanisms determining virtual volunteering and volunteer management.&#x0D; Paper type: Empirical

Volunteering online – today’s challenges

The article examines the issue of online volunteering in Ukraine and the world as a whole. The concepts of volunteering and e-volunteering are defined. Current data is presented on the state of volunteering in Ukraine amidst the pandemic according to the survey «Volunteering during quarantine», which took place in August 2020. 4148 respondents from all over Ukraine took part in the survey. The study was conducted by U-Report - an international youth project of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The focus is on available online resources for potential volunteers in response to the challenges of volunteering activities that have arisen on quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The following online opportunities are described: Ukrainian Volunteer Service, Ukraїner, National Holodomor Museum with the initiative to digitize the history of eyewitnesses to the events of that time, the #FINDWAY project.&#x0D; One type of remote volunteering is considered to be hotlines; the My Telephone Friend project, the Children's National Hotline of the La Strada-Ukraine International Women's Human Rights Center, the free Legal Aid Hotline, and others.&#x0D; The «Fundamentals of Volunteering» course of the all-Ukrainian Public Center «Volunteer» is analyzed, which has online lectures in the format of picture-links: volunteering, who a volunteer is, the skills and abilities of a volunteer, volunteer opportunities.&#x0D; The English-language book The Last Virtual Volunteering Guidebook by D. Kravens and S. J. Ellis is examined, which addresses how to successfully lead online volunteers and develop virtual volunteer assignments, from microvolunteering to long-term projects.&#x0D; The content of the report «Are technologies capable of opening access to volunteering instead of creating new barriers?», which was considered during the Global Technical Meeting 2020 on Voluntary Activities, is analyzed.

Older Adults' Attitudes Toward Virtual Volunteering During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study explored older adults' technology use patterns and attitudes toward virtual volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 22-item survey was administered to 229 volunteers in the St. Louis region who tutor children through the Oasis Intergenerational Tutoring program. Although most respondents are familiar with technology and expressed that they are likely to volunteer virtually, their responses varied significantly by age, education, gender, income, and school districts. Some tutors expressed that virtual volunteering may eliminate barriers to in-person volunteering, while others were concerned with establishing a personal connection with students online. These findings suggest that tutors anticipate both benefits and challenges with virtual volunteering and that efforts to engage older adults during the pandemic should factor in prior use of technology and ensure that different subgroups are not marginalized.

Wellness Through Volunteering

Beginning in 2004, long before the CSR Act 1 ushered a new spirit in corporate contribution in social development, iVolunteer has worked with over 100 leading Indian and multinational companies across a range of volunteering types from one-time episodic volunteering to more recently virtual volunteering. Our programmes have the potential to engage a range of employee motivations to volunteer. In this article, we examine the perceived notions about volunteering impact on well-being and if it can make a difference to work life? We share our experience over the years and will examine the impact of volunteering on wellbeing and positive mental health of the volunteers. There are almost no known Indian studies that explore this in detail. Individual companies do report higher satisfaction among employees who volunteer, regarding their work life. The article will draw upon insights from the HR community as well as from those executing volunteering in corporates in addition to some conclusions that we will draw based on some research studies. We hope to provide some possible ways forward for corporates to play a part in greater citizen engagement while creating pathways for mindful volunteering benefitting their employees both from a work and a societal perspective. The aim is to create a strong action plan to increase volunteering to both serve a social purpose and sustain the same by drawing out the positive impact that it can have on the individual.

Older Adults’ Attitudes Toward Virtual Volunteering During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study explored older adults’ attitudes toward virtual volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 22-item survey was administered to 229 volunteers who previously worked with children through the Oasis Intergenerational Tutoring program in St. Louis. Questions focused on technology use patterns and attitudes toward virtual volunteering. Most respondents have used a computer, a smartphone, and the Internet before at home (90.3%), but 22.8% of respondents feel uncomfortable or very uncomfortable when using the Internet. Video conferencing software such as Zoom or Skype was not used before by 14.0% of the respondents, the top reasons being because they prefer other forms of communication (48.4%) or find it too difficult to keep up with technology (19.4%). If tutoring becomes virtual-only, 60.6% of the participants responded they were somewhat likely or very likely to participate, with significant variation by school districts (X2 = 21.92, p < .05, Cramer’s V = 0.33) ranging from 42.6% to 96.0% (Bonferroni post hoc p < .05). Tutors from school districts that were less likely to tutor virtually had lower levels of education and higher levels of discomfort when using the Internet. The respondents also voiced that while virtual tutoring may eliminate barriers to in-person tutoring, such as commuting to schools and inclement weather, they were concerned about establishing a personal connection with their students online. These findings suggest that tutors anticipate both benefits and challenges with virtual volunteering and efforts to engage older adults virtually should factor in prior use of technology and variations by geography.

When It Comes to Virtual Volunteers …

The Volunteer Management ReportVolume 25, Issue 12 p. 5-5 Virtual Volunteers When It Comes to Virtual Volunteers … Erin Sandage, Erin SandageSearch for more papers by this author Erin Sandage, Erin SandageSearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 November 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/vmr.31576Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume25, Issue12December 2020Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation