Effectiveness Of Virtual Reality Research Articles

A pilot study of a virtual reality-based simulation platform for Neonatal Resuscitation Program training.

This pilot implementation study introduces a novel, neonatal-specific virtual reality (VR) simulation platform for resuscitation training and assesses its initial feasibility and reception in a neonatal intensive care unit setting. We developed a custom VR model simulating a resuscitation scenario for a 30-week neonate. Neonatal providers completed individualized training sessions and post-training surveys. Thirty-eight neonatal providers participated in the study. The VR platform was well-received, with 97% willing to use it again and 95% recommending it. Most participants (70.3%) found VR more realistic than traditional methods, with an average usefulness rating of 4.5/5. However, 40.5% reported adverse effects like eye strain and motion sickness. Feedback led to three significant VR platform upgrades. This study demonstrates strong enthusiasm for VR among neonatal providers. While promising, further research with larger samples and comparisons to traditional methods is needed to fully evaluate VR's effectiveness in neonatal resuscitation training.

Role of Virtual Reality to Enhance Learning Motivation: A Bibliometric Analysis

The rapid advancement of virtual reality (VR) technology has sparked interest in its potential use in educational settings. This study investigates how virtual reality could enhance learning motivation using a bibliometric analysis of scholarly works published between 2020 and 2024. The primary objectives are to identify significant research trends, notable works, and emerging subjects in the literature. 300 relevant articles were collected from Scopus, which served as the data source. The analysis was done using bibliometric tools such as VOS viewer. The study focused on co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and phrase co-occurrence in order to map the research landscape. The results demonstrate that interest in VR's potential to raise learning motivation is growing, with interdisciplinary collaborations at foreign institutions playing a significant role in this trend. The significance of integrating technology, creating immersive learning environments, and the psychological impacts of virtual reality on student engagement are highlighted in important findings. Despite the positive advancements, accessibility issues and constraints in long-term impact research were discovered. This research contributes to the body of knowledge currently in existence and offers useful information for academics, educators, and policymakers with its in-depth examination of Virtual Reality's effect on educational motivation. More research is required to close the gaps observed to fully realize the potential of virtual reality in education.

Is Virtual Reality Effective in Decreasing Pain during Clinical Procedures among Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated simulation or environment that can be experienced and interacted with by a person through special electronic equipment, such as a headset with a screen and motion-tracking sensors. VR has been used as a distraction technique to alleviate pain and discomfort during medical procedures or as an alternative to traditional pain medication. This article explores VR's effectiveness in reducing pain in pediatric patients undergoing painful clinical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed as per the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted for all articles published till December 2022 in four different databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS, which yielded 6886 studies. Studies showing the effect of VR on pediatric patients undergoing clinical procedures were included in the study. Risk of bias (ROB) 2.0 was used to assess the ROB. Outcome data were pooled using a random-effects model and reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The meta-analysis was performed on RevMan5.4. Subgroup analysis was done for the different clinical procedures. A total of 2477 participants from 34 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Children in whom VR was used had a significantly lower pain score as compared to the control group with an SMD of 0.87 (CI 95% -1.20, -0.53; (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis based on the type of intervention did not reveal any significant difference (P = 0.19). Heterogeneity for overall pain using a random effect model with I 2 was significant (P < 0.00001). This systematic review suggests that the use of VR distraction in children undergoing painful procedures is associated with significantly lower pain scores. Hence, VR can be a promising intervention for reducing pain experienced by pediatric patients during medical procedures.

Virtual reality as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes

Chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes, including fibromyalgia, are often resistant to conventional medications and invasive therapies. Central hypersensitization, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and autonomic nervous system abnormalities are key pathomechanisms, frequently resulting in widespread pain and a variety of psychosomatic symptoms. Virtual Reality (VR) applications have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain, both during and after interventions, and in chronic conditions such as fibromyalgia and back pain. The proposed mechanisms behind VR's effectiveness include distraction and immersion, coupled with cognitive behavioral therapy, which promote neuroplasticity and alter pain perceptions. Functional MRI studies have shown the impact of VR interventions on specific brain regions. Advances in hardware and software, potentially combined with treatments like biofeedback, could enhance VR's role in managing chronic pain. Currently, VR for musculoskeletal pain syndromes is primarily used within multimodal programs, but it is also available for home use as a standalone health application. Future research should focus on the ‘drug-like’ effects of VR, requiring controlled trials with comparable study populations and appropriate sham interventions.

The Usefulness of Virtual Reality in Symptom Management during Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) emerges as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for managing symptoms and providing distraction during chemotherapy. This study aims to assess VR's effectiveness on cancer-related symptoms, vital signs, and the patients' perception of chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 patients. Participants were allocated into an intervention group (n = 55), which experienced immersive VR, and a comparison group (n = 45), which received usual care. Data were collected through questionnaires and checklists, including feedback on the VR experience, pain, vital signs, and common cancer symptoms, assessed through the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. Results: VR had a significant impact on reducing the perception of chemotherapy length. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction and tolerability. No adverse events were observed. VR did not have significant influence on pain intensity or vital signs. The only exceptions were oxygen saturation, where a significant difference (p = 0.02) was reported, and the perception of chemotherapy duration. Conclusions: As a non-pharmacological intervention, VR proves to be beneficial in minimizing the perceived length of chemotherapy sessions for lung cancer patients, enhancing their overall treatment experience. The intervention was found to be a safe, feasible, and well-accepted distraction technique. Future research should explore VR's potential effects on a wider range of symptoms and evaluate its impact on long-term outcomes.

Analysis of the effectiveness and user experience of employing virtual reality to enhance the efficacy of occupational safety and health learning for electrical workers and graduate students

IntroductionThe integration of engineering approaches in education and training is pivotal for reducing workplace incidents. Effective safety education increases workers' awareness of potential risks and fosters a robust Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) culture. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive experiences that enhance the efficacy of safety training. MethodThis study evaluated VR's effectiveness through two experiments that demonstrated improved learning capacities. The first study employed quantitative methods and quasi-experiments with electrical sector technical support professionals. The second study used a qualitative approach with scenario case studies involving graduate students. ResultsThe quantitative study revealed significant improvements in OSH understanding among electrical workers, highlighting VR-based training's superiority over traditional methods. The qualitative study found positive outcomes in VR usability and user experience among graduate students, affirming VR's effectiveness in OSH education. ConclusionVR has proven to be an effective and efficient training tool for both graduate students and experienced workers. It significantly advances skills, knowledge, and proficiency in electrical engineering by providing realistic, immersive, and tailored learning experiences. As VR technology continues to evolve, its role in shaping the future of electrical technical education and training appears increasingly promising.

Improving Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorders with an Immersive Virtual Reality Remediation Training Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).

Background: Health-related quality of life (H-QoL) is a critical measure in bipolar disorder (BD). Recent trials using virtual reality (VR) have shown potential in improving H-QoL. However, VR's effect on the H-QoL of people with BD needs to be further explored. Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of a feasibility randomized controlled trial, focusing on "quality of life". Participants (aged 18-75) diagnosed with bipolar disorder were randomized into two groups. The experimental group used the CEREBRUM VR app, while the control group received the usual care. Quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: A total of 39 individuals in the experimental group and 25 in the control group represent the final samples. The results showed a greater improvement in the SF-12 total score in the experimental group (8.7%) compared to the control group (F = 66.851 p < 0.0001), specifically in the dimension of physical activity limitation, emotional impact, concentration, pain, calmness, energy levels, discouragement, and social activities. Conclusions: This study demonstrated an improvement in QoL for individuals with BD following a VR intervention. As a feasibility study, this secondary outcome needs to be confirmed by further phase III studies. If confirmed, VR could offer valuable rehabilitation tools and insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of BD.

The Role of Virtual Reality (VR) as a Learning Tool in the Classroom

This study systematically reviews the role and impact of Virtual Reality (VR) as a learning tool in the classroom. By synthesizing findings from existing research, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of VR's effectiveness in enhancing student engagement, improving learning outcomes, and addressing accessibility and inclusivity challenges. A structured search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies from major academic databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and dissertations published from 2000 onwards .The results indicate that VR significantly enhances student engagement and immersion, with many students reporting increased motivation and interest in the subject matter. This positive impact on student engagement is a promising sign for educators. Studies also show that VR improves learning outcomes, particularly in subjects requiring spatial and conceptual understanding, with test scores increasing by an average of 15-30% after VR integration. However, the review highlights substantial challenges related to the accessibility and inclusivity of VR technology. The high cost of VR hardware and software and the need for robust infrastructure limit its widespread adoption, particularly in underfunded schools. Additionally, the digital divide poses a barrier to equitable access, and further efforts are needed to make VR accessible to students with disabilities. Comprehensive teacher training is emphasized as a critical factor in the successful integration of VR into the curriculum. Teachers who received extensive training reported higher confidence and competence in using VR, leading to better student outcomes. The study concludes that while VR has significant potential to transform educational experiences, addressing accessibility, inclusivity, and teacher training challenges is essential for maximizing its benefits. The findings offer valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers, guiding future efforts to leverage VR technology for enhanced educational outcomes.

Virtual Reality Simulation for the Acquisition and Retention of Electrocardiogram Interpretation Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Undergraduate Medical Students.

Introduction The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most important tools in diagnosing cardiac abnormalities, particularly arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. It is one of the certifiable competencies for final-year medical undergraduate students. We determined virtual reality's effectiveness in acquiring and retaining ECG interpretation skills among medical students compared to traditional teaching. Methods One hundred and forty students were randomized into two groups. Seventy-one students (immersion group) were trained using virtual reality simulation to acquire and retain interpretation skills of normal and abnormal ECG. Sixty-nine students(traditional group) were trained in the classroom using chalk and board. The primary outcome of change in acquiring knowledge of the interpretation of ECG was determined by comparing pre and post-test scores. The secondary outcome of retention of knowledge was determined by comparing pre-test and second post-test scores conducted after eight weeks of intervention. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 140 students, 50 (35.7%) were males and 90 (64.3%) were female. The mean age of the students was 22.1 (SD1.1), with 69.3% of them between the ages of 21 and 22 years.Mean pre-test scores for the interpretation of normal ECG among immersion and traditional groups were 9.8(SD8.4) and 8.3(SD7.5), respectively, and post-test scores for the acquisition of knowledge were 24.3(SD5.5) and 24.8(SD6.3), respectively. The post-test scores for retention skills were 25.3(SD5.6) and 20.7 (SD6.9) respectively (p<0.001).The mean pre-test scores for the interpretation of abnormal ECG of both groups were 7.0(SD6) and 8.3 (SD6.6), respectively. Mean post-test scores for acquiring knowledge to interpret abnormal ECG were 23.5(SD6.2) and 17.7 (SD9), respectively(p<0.001), and mean post-test scores for retention of interpretation skillsof abnormal ECG were 19.2 (SD - 6.9) and 13.3 (SD10.2) respectively (p=0.001). The pairwise comparison of the immersion group indicates that all the combinations that changed in score from the pre to post-intervention time points, from pre-to-retention time, and from the post-to-retention time were significant (p<0.001). Conclusion Virtual reality teaching had a better impact on acquiring and retaining the skill for interpreting normal and abnormal electrocardiograms.

The Role of Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Pain Therapy: A Narrative Review.

This review investigates the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in enhancing cognitive pain therapy for chronic pain management. The work assesses current research, outlines benefits and limitations and examines their potential integration into existing pain management methods. Advances in VR have shown promise in chronic pain management through immersive cognitive therapy exercises, with evidence supporting VR's effectiveness in symptom reduction. AI's personalization of treatment plans and its support for mental health through AI-driven avatars are emerging trends. The integration of AI in hybrid programs indicates a future with real-time adaptive technology tailored to individual needs in chronic pain management. Incorporating AI and VR into chronic pain cognitive therapy represents a promising approach to enhance management by leveraging VR's immersive experiences and AI's personalized tactics, aiming to improve patient engagement and outcomes. Nonetheless, further empirical studies are needed to standardized methodologies, compare these technologies to traditional therapies and fully realize their clinical potential.

Enhancing Learning Opportunities in Laboratory Science Using Virtual Reality Lessons: A Use Case

Animal dissections are a common approach to teaching anatomy and physiology, but they are costly, pose safety risks, and raise ethical concerns. Alternatives like computer simulations and synthetic specimens have been explored, but they lack the realism of live dissections. Virtual reality (VR) technology provides a promising solution by immersing learners in a virtual environment that closely mimics real-life dissections and allows for skill development and feedback. VR also removes ethical and emotional concerns associated with dissections and enhances learning opportunities. To explore the effectiveness of VR in anatomy and physiology education, we conducted a detailed survey of 48 students in an undergraduate physiology laboratory course. The survey, administered before and after students performed both a VR frog dissection and an in-person frog dissection, was designed to gauge their perceptions, preferences, and learning experiences with both methods. Results indicate that while no participants considered VR a perfect substitute, a majority (80%) still viewed animal dissections as an essential part of science laboratory courses. Interestingly, 43% of participants expressed a stronger preference for live dissections post-experiment, citing greater excitement and perceived informativeness. In contrast, 25% favored VR or alternative methods, highlighting increased comfort and reduced discomfort. A recurring theme was VR's role as a preparatory or alternative tool for those hesitant towards live dissection. This study underscores VR's potential in addressing traditional dissection methods' limitations and emphasizes the need for further research into VR's effectiveness in anatomy and physiology education. We aim to foster dialogue on the use of alternative technologies in enhancing learning opportunities within laboratory and clinical sciences. This project was funded by the Department of Physiology at Michigan State University. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Modernizing ED Care: Virtual Reality Enhances the Patient Experience during Minor Wide-awake Hand Procedures.

Minor procedures in the emergency department (ED) can be distressing for patients. The emergence of virtual reality (VR) offers a promising new tool by immersing patients in an engaging three-dimensional world. Prior studies have shown VR's effectiveness during procedures in reducing pain, anxiety, and procedure duration but have not assessed its efficacy in the ED. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of VR in managing pain and anxiety during ED minor hand procedures. This was a prospective, interventional study at a level I trauma center examining adult patients requiring minor hand procedures. Patients were provided the Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, offering various immersive three-dimensional experiences. Pre- and postprocedure surveys assessed previous VR use, anxiety and pain levels, VR efficacy, and possible adverse effects. Responses were rated on a 10-point Likert scale with paired t tests used to compare scores. The study included sixteen patients, seven of whom were first-time VR users. Patients experienced a significant decrease in both anxiety and pain levels. Survey results indicated overall benefits from VR in several aspects, with no adverse effects reported, and unanimous patient recommendation of the VR experience to others. VR is an effective tool to optimize the patient experience during ED hand procedures. The study observed a significant decrease in anxiety and a declining trend in pain levels. Patients believed VR helped manage their pain and would recommend it to others. Given the benefits and high safety profile, VR should become a standard offering in ED minor hand procedures.

The effects of virtual reality interventions on occupational participation and distress from symptoms in palliative care patients: A pilot study.

Virtual reality (VR) offers the prospect of a safe and effective adjunct therapeutic modality to promote mental health and reduce distress from symptoms in palliative care patients. Common physiological and psychological symptoms experienced at the end of life may impact the person's participation in day-to-day activities that bring them meaning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of VR interventions on occupational participation and distress from symptoms. To describe the stimulus, results, and learnings from a single-site pilot study of virtual reality therapy in a specialist palliative care setting. Participants engaged in a VR session lasting from 9 to 30 minutes related to coping with pain, inner peace and mindfulness, adventure, and bucket list. The pilot prospective quantitative observational cohort study was conducted from November 2021 through March 2022 using a pre-post VR intervention research design. Quantitative data was collected using patient-rated assessments and a wireless pulse oximeter. Occupational performance, satisfaction, and distress symptoms were measured using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration Symptom Assessment Scale (PCOC SAS). The intervention and study design adhered to international guidelines. Ten participants engaged in the VR interventions. Data showed significantly improved occupational performance and satisfaction scores (p < .001), decreases in PCOC SAS distress from pain (p = .01), fatigue (p < .001), and heart rate (p = .018). No adverse side effects were observed. Outcomes included an analysis of virtual reality's effectiveness to alleviate symptom burden and increase occupational participation for palliative care patients. Of specific interest to the research team was the application of virtual reality in a community-based and inpatient palliative care context to supplement allied health services and its feasibility of integration into standard palliative care. VR therapy showed positive improvements in the participants' occupational performance, satisfaction, and distress from pain and fatigue.

Virtual Reality Simulation of Airway Management Post-Cleft Palate Surgery: A Model for Sustainable and Equitable Education.

The effectiveness of virtual-reality (VR) simulation-based training in cleft surgery has not been tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate learners' acceptance of VR simulation in airway management of a pediatric patient post-cleft palate repair. This VR simulation was developed through collaboration between BioDigital and Smile Train. 26 medical students from a single institution completed 10 min of standardized VR training and 5 min of standardized discussion about airway management post-cleft palate repair. They spent 4-8 min in the VR simulation with guidance from a cleft surgery expert. Participants completed pre- and post-surveys evaluating confidence in using VR as an educational tool, understanding of airway management, and opinions on VR in surgical education. Satisfaction was evaluated using a modified Student Evaluation of Educational Quality questionnaire and scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to evaluate responses. There was a significant increase in respondents' confidence using VR as an educational tool and understanding of airway management post-cleft palate repair after the simulation (P < .001). Respondents' opinions on incorporating VR in surgical education started high and did not change significantly post-simulation. Participants were satisfied with VR-based simulation and reported it was stimulating (4.31 ± 0.88), increased interest (3.77 ± 1.21), enhanced learning (4.12 ± 1.05), was clear (4.15 ± 0.97), was effective in teaching (4.08 ± 0.81), and would recommend the simulation (4.2 ± 1.04). VR-based simulation can significantly increase learners' confidence and skills in airway management post-cleft palate repair. Learners find VR to be effective and recommend its incorporation in surgical education.

Exploring the Impact of Emerging Educational Technology in MBA Programs: Enhancing Brand Equity through Virtual Reality

Purpose: The increasing emphasis on continuous development in student learning worldwide, particularly in the Digital Age, necessitates leveraging technology to enhance educational experiences. This research focuses on exploring the potential of virtual reality (VR) to transform MBA education, aiming to inspire innovative teaching methods that extend beyond conventional knowledge exchange. Design/Methodology: Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study comprehensively examines the implementation and impact of VR-based learning experiences in MBA programs, Through surveys data is gathered from MBA students. This methodology enables a thorough evaluation of VR's effectiveness as a pedagogical tool in enhancing engagement, comprehension, and retention of MBA subjects Findings: The study uncovers a range of advantages and challenges linked to the integration of VR technology in MBA education. On the one hand, VR offers immersive, interactive learning experiences that bolster comprehension and critical thinking skills. However, significant challenges persist, including the initial cost of VR implementation, ensuring technological accessibility for all students, and providing sufficient faculty training to effectively leverage VR in teaching. Conclusion: This empirical study underscores the transformative potential of VR in enhancing MBA education. By providing immersive and interactive learning experiences, VR has the capacity to significantly enrich the learning journey of MBA students. VR shows promise in simulating complex business scenarios and bridging theory with real-world application. Originality/Value-This research aims to inspire greater adoption of educational technology, enhancing MBA learning experiences and preparing students for success in the digital age. Paper Type- Empirical Analysis

The Role of Virtual Reality in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Teaching English for Specific Purposes

This study provides a novel examination of the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) technology into English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction, specifically within the context of Management studies at Universitas Borneo Tarakan. It addresses a significant gap in empirical research by focusing on VR's effectiveness in teaching ESP within a management context, an area that has yet to be thoroughly explored. Using pre-and post-test scores from 286 students and detailed evaluation metrics, this research provides robust evidence of VR's transformative potential in enhancing ESP instruction. The findings indicate a clear improvement in language proficiency following VR-enhanced teaching, with significant increases in top-scoring students and decreases among those struggling with lower scores. Additionally, high levels of student engagement were observed during VR-enhanced lessons. Students reported positive usability experiences with the technology and expressed satisfaction with their learning outcomes. They also perceived significant benefits from using VR technology in their ESP instruction, including improved comprehension, increased motivation and engagement, and enhanced memory retention. However, alongside these positive outcomes are challenges that must be addressed for effective implementation. These include technical issues experienced by some participants suggesting the need for improvements or troubleshooting to enhance user experience; adaptation difficulties faced by learners when transitioning to new teaching methods introduced via virtual reality indicating the importance of providing additional support or guidance; and accessibility challenges emphasizing the need to ensure equal access for all learners when implementing such innovative technologies. In light of these findings, it is recommended that institutions like Universitas Borneo Tarakan looking to integrate VR into their ESP instruction consider establishing robust technical support structures to address potential issues. They should also provide additional guidance during transitions to new teaching methods introduced via virtual reality and prioritize ensuring accessibility for all learners. This study contributes valuable insights into effective strategies for modernizing ESP instruction using innovative technologies like Virtual Reality while highlighting areas where further exploration is needed.

Features of virtual reality impact effectiveness of VR pain alleviation therapeutics in pediatric burn patients: A randomized clinical trial.

Key features of virtual reality (VR) that impact the effectiveness of pain reduction remain unknown. We hypothesized that specific features of the VR experience significantly impact VR's effectiveness in reducing pain during pediatric burn dressing care. Our randomized controlled trial included children 6 to 17 years (inclusive) who were treated in the outpatient clinic of an American Burn Association-verified pediatric burn center. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to active VR (playing the VR), passive VR (immersed in the same VR environment without interactions), or standard-of-care. On a scale from 0 to 100, participants rated overall pain (primary outcome) and features of the VR experience (game realism, fun, and engagement). Path analysis assessed the interrelationships among these VR key features and their impact on self-reported pain scores. From December 2016 to January 2019, a total of 412 patients were screened for eligibility, and 90 were randomly assigned (31 in the active VR group, 30 in the passive VR group, and 29 in the standard-of-care group). The current study only included those in the VR groups. The difference in median scores of VR features was not statistically significant between the active (realism, 77.5 [IQR: 50-100]; fun, 100 [IQR: 81-100]; engagement, 90 [IQR: 70-100]) and passive (realism, 72 [IQR: 29-99]; fun, 93.5 [IQR: 68-100]; engagement, 95 [IQR: 50-100]) VR distraction types. VR engagement had a significant direct (-0.39) and total (-0.44) effect on self-reported pain score (p<0.05). Key VR features significantly impact its effectiveness in pain reduction. The path model suggested an analgesic mechanism beyond distraction. Differences in VR feature scores partly explain active VR's more significant analgesic effect than passive VR. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04544631.

Beyond Reality: Exploring the effect of different virtual reality environments on visual assessment of cakes

Visual assessment triggers physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses in consumer behavior. This confluence of signals can be influenced by context, which plays a crucial role in eating behavior. The strategies used to evoke scenarios that enhance ecological validity in sensory experiences have evolved in the last years to include immersive technologies and virtual reality (VR) to simulate the complexity of the real world and predict consumer preferences. This study explored VR's effect on visual liking and hedonic responses of five virtual cakes in two virtual contexts designed with advanced 3D modeling and photogrammetry techniques to ensure high realism and immersion. Although the virtual contexts themselves did not impact liking ratings, the variables “context-cake,“ ”age,“ and “subjective hunger” had a significant effect on the visual liking of cakes. A Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questionnaire showed significant differences in responses for various terms related to the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the five cakes. Finally, the internal preference map separated two consumer patterns of visual liking: traditional versus innovative.

Effect of virtual reality distraction on venipuncture pain in children in the emergency room

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) as a distraction strategy has been used in healthcare centers; however, the evidence is inconsistent in demonstrating VR's effect on pain control during venipuncture. Objective: To describe the effect of VR on pain during the venipuncture process in children and adolescents in a private institution in Bogotá. Materials and Methods: An unblinded, randomized, experimental study was conducted in the emergency room of a fourth-level care facility. The sample consisted of 46 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 14. Twenty-three were randomly assigned to the experimental group with a VR headset and 23 to the control group. The dependent variable ‘pain’ was measured before, during, and after venipuncture using the visual analog scale (VAS) of pain. Results: Perceived pain is different before and after the procedure; however, using the VR headset did not show any statistical or clinical differences during the venipuncture procedure. Discussion: Variables such as vital signs, venipuncture time, and follow-up were important in measuring symptoms such as pain at venipuncture. Conclusion: VR can be used by nurses; however, more research must be done to demonstrate its effect on pain control during venipuncture, considering a greater power of the study, type of pain, and variables such as family support and nurses’ time of experience.

Virtual Reality's Effect on Educational E-learning Platforms

Students now rely more on online learning than on-campus instruction. As a result, we intend to create a project that will assist students in understanding topics through the use of augmented reality (AR). The only aspect of e-learning being studied at the moment is knowledge transmission online. We want to upgrade e-learning with AR due to time restraints and other technological issues. In order to virtualize the notion for students studying three-dimensional geometry, our objective is to create an e-learning framework for three-dimensional geometry. Students may quickly understand the idea visually with the aid of modern mobile phones by placing their phones on the actual QR code readers. Using AR, it will provide a clear and visual explanation of the idea. For instance, if the student holds up his phone in front of the switch or router, it will clearly explain the components. Then, it may be used in any subject or industry. We want to employ Vuforia and UNITY 3-D software to accomplish our aim. The software development kit (SDK) for augmented reality (AR) on mobile devices called Vuforia facilitates the development of AR apps. It recognizes and tracks planar pictures and 3D objects in real time using computer vision technologies. Games and other visuals in both 2D and 3D may be made with Unity.