Virtual Reality Entertainment Research Articles

Design of political classroom interaction system in social virtual reality entertainment environment based on convolutional neural network

With the continuous progress of AI intelligent technology, the internet industry has undergone tremendous changes. The application of virtual reality and other digital entertainment technology has changed the classroom mode, and at the same time, current political classrooms place more emphasis on interaction with society. Therefore, this article constructs a political classroom AI intelligent system based on CNN network. This system studies the political classroom from the perspective of AI intelligent construction, using a combination of theory and practice. This article selects some research materials from both domestic and international sources. Firstly, it summarizes and analyzes relevant concepts such as convolutional neural networks, summarizes the importance of political classroom education, and analyzes the problems faced by political classrooms in the context of AI intelligence. Then, experimental analysis was conducted on the AI intelligent system in the political classroom. The experiment proved that the AI intelligent system in the political classroom has good working performance in the actual operation process, and the overall performance is also better than other systems. Implementing a network-based AI intelligent system for the political classroom and applying AI intelligent technology in practical applications can improve the personalization and accuracy of the political classroom.

A Moving Metaverse: QoE challenges and standards requirements for immersive media consumption in autonomous vehicles

The evolution of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has blurred the distinction between drivers and passengers, resulting in increased demand for in-car entertainment. Simultaneously, social networking platforms are evolving to adopt AR (Augmented Reality)/VR (Virtual Reality)-centric metaverses. Self-driving cars will free up the drivers and passengers to engage in leisure activities such as watching VR videos and playing games while travelling. Before driverless cars can become a “third living space”, open challenges confront the provision of immersive content (e.g., VR videos and gaming) with a high level of Quality of Experience (QoE). Current autonomous vehicular network technologies focus on navigation and safety and rely on ubiquitous high-speed 5G/6G network connectivity to provide a seamless streaming experience in AVs. The compounded risks of cyber- and motion-sickness are identified as barriers to the enjoyment of in-car VR entertainment technologies. The influence of AV car networks in different traffic conditions is identified as a key factor to minimize a person’s risk of sickness and increase overall QoE. However, assessing the QoE of immersive media consumption in AV to its full potential is a difficult task that requires proper standard guidelines and directions. Existing surveys focus only on a specific metaverse or transportation system. These surveys lack a comprehensive view of the entire immersive media consumption process, QoE factors and aspects, and QoE standards for assessing immersive content in vehicular networks. To address these issues, we present an overview of the research landscape in the context of QoE and network standards that highlights the need for experimental studies to inform and consolidate the methodologies and recommendations for standardization of immersive content QoE assessment in AVs. Research and user studies have not yet yielded standards or recommendations describing assessment methodologies to evaluate immersive systems, such as exist for traditional video and images. A framework is outlined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the QoE influencing factors and aspects that will assist in adapting, augmenting, and producing standards for immersive entertainment in autonomous vehicles.

Virtual reality forensics: Forensic analysis of Meta Quest 2

The Meta Quest 2 is one of the most popular Virtual Reality (VR) entertainment headsets to date. The headset, developed by Meta Platforms Inc., immerses the user in a completely simulated environment. Some VR environments can be shared over the Internet to allow users to communicate and interact with one another and share their experiences. Unfortunately, the safety of these VR environments cannot always be guaranteed, generating a risk that users may be exposed to illicit online behaviour in the form of online harassment, grooming, and cyberbullying. Therefore, forensic examiners must be able to conduct sound forensic analysis of VR headsets to investigate these criminal investigations. In this study, we conduct digital forensic acquisition and analysis of the Meta Quest 2 VR headset. Analysis of the forensic image exemplified that there were several digital artefacts relating to user activities, device information and stored digital artefacts that can be extracted in a forensically sound manner. The main contributions of this study include a detailed description of the forensic acquisition process, identification of internal file storage locations, and recovery and analysis of digital artefacts that can be used to aid VR forensic investigations.

Is Viewing Roller Coaster Video in 3D-virtual Reality More Impressive than 2D Video?

Scientists have hypothesized that three-dimensional virtual reality (3D-VR) entertainment provides greater enjoyment than the media experienced in a two-dimensional (2D) environment. This result can improve the life quality of patients, particularly for long-term hospitalized patients. To evaluate this hypothesis, the instantaneous heart rate (IHR) of eight subjects was monitored by electrocardiography using a Holter ECG as a measure of autonomic nervous system activity level while viewing a two-minute roller coaster video in 2D and 3D-VR (using an Oculus Rift). Each subject watched videos in both 2D and 3D-VR in varying order with at least 10-min intervals. After watching the videos, the subjects completed a questionnaire that included questions about their 2D vs. 3D-VR preferences. Subjective enjoyment was also estimated according to the visual analog scale (VAS). The results showed that the 3D-VR environment, closer to the actual environment, induced more excitement and enjoyment. This was evidenced by the difference in sympathetic nervous system activity (P < 0.01) while viewing 2D and 3D-VT videos. In particular, when the 3D-VR was observed before the 2D video, the subjects enjoyed the 3D-VR experience, as demonstrated by larger IHR accelerations. However, the differences were found to depend on whether the subjects liked or disliked roller coasters. In addition, two subjects experienced motion sickness with visual fatigue due to parallax. Finally, one subject felt both enjoyment and motion sickness simultaneously. Therefore, it was difficult to categorize the cause of sympathetic nervous system activity for this subject. In addition, for some subjects, the questionnaire responses (including VAS estimation) were inconsistent with sympathetic nervous system activity. Therefore, additional bio-signals (e.g., brain activity or salivary amylase activity) need to be analyzed in parallel to further evaluate the physical response of each subject. In future studies, it would be desirable to use the videos of lighter activities, such as hiking or riding a Ferris wheel (at moderate altitudes), that more people prefer.

Mars Space Exploration and Astronautical Religion in Human Research History: Psychological Countermeasures of Long-Term Astronauts

As the development of science and technology has reached the point where the desire to travel to Mars has become a tangible reality, the physical limits of human movement are also part of the systematic research based on the space environment. The critical issues of radiation, altered gravity, hostile environment, isolation or confinement, and distance from Earth (travel time) are the five major hazards for astronauts during spaceflight. The prepared technology of space medicine is significant for physical health. However, how would the lone space exploration (2.5 to three years) affect the mental conditions of the astronauts? How can the space community keep astronauts safe from psychological obstacles, such as depression, conflict, resentment, bipolar disorder, obsession, and addiction? This paper explores the environmental factors of a healthy lifestyle (well-being) of the spacecraft. It presumes that a successful mission often relies on positive interactions between crew members and between the crew and ground personnel. The paper considers the mental sustainability from stress, emotions, and perceptions to improve human tonicity or vitality and argues a new mental strategy in space exploration policy that the role of an astronautical religion beyond human intelligence and artificial intelligence (AI) could be a psychiatric anchor (in a moral, ethical, and self-sacrificial context) of each astronaut and leadership of the space team as a psychoanalytical countermeasure, along with physical exercise, hobbies, pets, and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) entertainment, especially in the case of unexpected crises where science and technology fail its general function.

The influence of a virtual reality entertainment program on depressive symptoms and sedentary behaviour in inpatient stroke survivors: a research protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSedentary behaviour among stroke inpatients may be due to high rates of depressive symptoms after stroke. Thus, efforts to address depressive symptoms among stroke inpatients are warranted to in turn lessen sedentary behaviour. Despite evidence that virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a method to help with depression, the use of VR to improve depression among inpatient stroke survivors has yet to be studied. In this paper, we report on the protocol investigating the feasibility of a VR entertainment system at improving depressive symptoms among stroke survivors receiving inpatient rehabilitation.MethodsIn this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 30 inpatient stroke survivors from the rehabilitation unit at Kelowna General Hospital will be randomized to either (1) intervention: 3 times per week of VR entertainment for duration of inpatient rehabilitation or (2) control: usual care. Individuals will be included if they have a confirmed diagnosis of stroke, are 19 years of age or older, able to provide informed consent, have physician clearance to participate in the study (medically stable or fit), or are able to understand English. Outcome measures to address depressive symptoms (primary outcome), sedentary behaviour, motivation, anxiety, stress, and happiness (secondary outcome) will be administered at two timepoints: (1) baseline (T1) and (2) post-intervention (T2). Study analyses will consider study feasibility indicators and clinical (statistical) outcomes. Means and standard deviations (for continuous variables) and frequencies and proportions (for categorical variables) will be used to summarize the variables. Feasibility indicators will be dichotomized into either ‘success’ if they meet the a priori criteria, or ‘revise’ if they do not meet the criteria. Intervention effects post-intervention (T2) for the primary and secondary clinical outcomes will be estimated using linear regression including baseline (T1) controlling for age and sex.DiscussionThe results of this trial will add to our understanding of depression and sedentary behaviour among individuals receiving inpatient stroke rehabilitation as well as the feasibility of a VR entertainment program to improve depressive symptoms, which will in turn may lessen sedentary behaviour in inpatient stroke survivors.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04011202. First posted July 8, 2019 (study postponed from March 2020 to July 2021 due to COVID-19).

6‐2: Invited Paper: High‐ppi Fast‐Switch Display Development for Oculus Quest 2 VR Headsets

Recently, Meta rolled out Oculus Quest 2 all‐in‐one VR systems which have brought more virtual reality entertainment and experiences for users to discover. A 5.46″ 773 PPI (pixel per inch), 1920 RGB × 3664, fast‐switch LCD with low‐persistence backlight is used to get visual fidelity of around 21 PPD (pixel per degree) without any blur or ghost artifact. In this paper, we will present the overview of Quest 2 display architecture, performances and some of the design challenges which we have addressed.

Review on electromyography based intention for upper limb control using pattern recognition for human-machine interaction.

Upper limb myoelectric prosthetic control is an essential topic in the field of rehabilitation. The technique controls prostheses using surface electromyogram (sEMG) and intramuscular EMG (iEMG) signals. EMG signals are extensively used in controlling prosthetic upper and lower limbs, virtual reality entertainment, and human-machine interface (HMI). EMG signals are vital parameters for machine learning and deep learning algorithms and help to give an insight into the human brain's function and mechanisms. Pattern recognition techniques pertaining to support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Bayesian classifiers have been utilized to classify EMG signals. This paper presents a review on current EMG signal techniques, including electrode array utilization, signal acquisition, signal preprocessing and post-processing, feature selection and extraction, data dimensionality reduction, classification, and ultimate application to the community. The paper also discusses using alternatives to EMG signals, such as force sensors, to measure muscle activity with reliable results. Future implications for EMG classification include employing deep learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) for achieving robust results.

Elements of anti-world in the game universe The Witcher

The significance of the study of philosophic aspects of building a new game universe in an RPG, abbreviation for a role-playing game, stems from the popularity of this type of virtual reality entertainment. The paper gives an analysis of the anti-world , a key concept of role-playing gaming, basing on the RPG project The Witcher (Ved’mak) . The game is founded on the original series of works under the same title created by Polish fantasy writer Andrzej Sapkowski. The case under consideration serves as a good example for looking into the patterns of forming the space of the game universe that can be equally regarded as a moment when a cultural landscape of virtual entertainment is formed. In this case, RPG can be considered as a socio-cultural practice of the global information society and/or one of the variants of the performance society . The methodological basis of the study is comparative analysis, which implies the identification of borrowings in the process of developing a culture of virtual entertainment and requires learning about basic cultural codes and archetypal designs that are specific to RPG. As a result of the research, the specificity of the new imagery form inherent in the game universe of The Witcher was revealed. The cultural landscape created in the game includes elements of the medieval laughter culture integrated into the unique system of dynamic images and meanings, constantly evolving and functioning in a way analogous with the established cultural and symbolic reality. The effect of the double symbolic analogy is determined by the creative nature of the game, in which players in addition to participating in the gaming process also contribute to the creation of the game. The introduction of game images into the language and thinking of the players causes the emergence of new forms of dialects, fixing the peculiarities of perception by the group ( sociolect ) and the individual ( idiolect ) of both primary and secondary reality. These dialects are geographically localized and at the same time multicultural. The article substantiates the conclusion that the instrumentalization of the performance society occurs due to the active use of grotesque symbolism, which, due to its archetypal nature, ensures the formation of a new social mythology that enables the discovery of Eastern Europe by the rest of the world. Thus, the anti-world of the new universe turns into an integral part of the modern information space.

Exploring the Benefit and Sacrifice Factors of Virtual Reality Gameplay.

Although Virtual reality (VR) entertainment is now relatively popular, the adoption of VR devices is still low. In this study, a framework based benefit and sacrifice factors was developed to understand players’ intention to use VR devices to play games. Online questionnaire items were developed and published to collect the responses from university students in Taiwan. The feedback of 152 inexperienced players and 150 experienced players were collected. The eleven hypotheses were tested by using SmartPLS, a structural equation modeling (SEM) tool. The analysis results show that the influences of the benefit factors (flow, spatial presence, and relaxation) on the adoption intention in two groups are consistent. All of the positive influences are supported. Moreover, visual fatigue had the strongest negative effects on flow and intention. Players who are opener to new technology are more possible to adopt VR devices. The findings can provide insights to VR device developers to design their VR devices/contents and marketing strategies.

Virtual reality enhanced roller coasters and the future of entertainment – audience expectations

ABSTRACTRoller coasters are acknowledged as icons of leisure with their towering structures forming an integral part of any theme or amusement parks’ skyline. As with any infrastructure, roller coasters come at a high cost, but inevitably also become outdated. By leveraging Virtual Reality (VR) technology, there is an opportunity to integrate new VR experience overlays with existing roller coasters, generating new interest in older ride infrastructure. While VR additions to roller coasters are a recent introduction (as of 2015), the adoption rate is high. Despite this, very little research has been conducted pertaining to the actual VR experience – and even less so from an end user’s perspective. This research examines existing literature (elements of best-practice VR experiences) and original data gathered from VR roller coaster audiences (pertaining to their reactions to current VR enhanced roller coaster experiences). From our findings we present a model, Burt’s VR Entertainment Primer, which identifies critical categories and supplemental elements to consider in order to develop a successful VR enhanced roller coaster experience overlay. The generic, user-centric nature of the model extends itself to the VR amusement and entertainment industries within a broader context, supporting the innovative application and assessment of VR in entertainment overall.

Development of Pant-Type Harness with Fabric Air-Pocket for Pain Relief

Harnesses can be used in various applications, such as entertainment, rescue operations, and medical applications. Because users are supported on the harness for a long time, they should feel comfortable wearing the harnesses. However, existing commercial harnesses are uncomfortable to wear and cause continuous serious pain. Therefore, in this study, a new pant-type harness with a fabric air pocket to reduce the applied pressure on the body, especially in the groin, is proposed. Keeping this in mind, we have designed and developed the pant-type harness. In addition, we performed pressure and contact area measurement experiments using the harness developed, pressure sensor, and a human mannequin. Peak and mean pressures and contact areas near the groin and waist were measured in the experiments. From the results, when air is injected in the air pockets, the peak pressure and contact area near the waist increased, and the peak pressure near the groin decreased. This means that the pressure applied on the human mannequin near the groin reduces because of the increased contact area near the waist, which is achieved by multi-layered air pockets. In this study, we proposed the optimal design of a novel pant-type harness that can address the limitations of existing harnesses. The proposed harness can be used for a prolonged time in applications, such as virtual reality entertainment, rescue operations, and rehabilitation.

Examination of Experience Improvement Effect on Virtual Reality Entertainment System Using Small-sized Electric Car and Head-mounted Display

Examination of Experience Improvement Effect on Virtual Reality Entertainment System Using Small-sized Electric Car and Head-mounted Display

Examination of Experience Improvement Effects on Impact-like Motion Feedbacks Added on a Virtual Reality Entertainment System Using a Car

Examination of Experience Improvement Effects on Impact-like Motion Feedbacks Added on a Virtual Reality Entertainment System Using a Car

Action recognition with low observational latency via part movement model

In this paper, we address the issue of recognizing human actions with low observational latency, which is vital for many applications such as virtual reality and interactive entertainment. Then our purpose is to achieve competitive action recognition performance from very short video clips. Such a task essentially is challenging because only very limited information is provided. To this end, we first develop a feature extraction method to exploit both motion (local flow) and appearance (local shape) features such that the information insufficiency can be effectively mitigated. Then we propose an action representation method named Part Movement Model (PMM), which explicitly captures the spatial-temporal structure of human actions and divides the actions into discriminative part movements. Consequently, the actions can be better represented and the competitive performance can be achieved although only short clips are used. Finally, we experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on three benchmark datasets. The results show that short clips of 6−7 frames (0.2−0.3 second video) are enough to achieve the recognition performance comparable to the baselines with high latency.

Multi-projector auto-calibration and placement optimization for non-planar surfaces

Non-planar projection has been widely applied in virtual reality and digital entertainment and exhibitions because of its flexible layout and immersive display effects. Compared with planar projection, a non-planar projection is more difficult to achieve because projector calibration and image distortion correction are difficult processes. This paper uses a cylindrical screen as an example to present a new method for automatically calibrating a multi-projector system in a non-planar environment without using 3D reconstruction. This method corrects the geometric calibration error caused by the screen’s manufactured imperfections, such as an undulating surface or a slant in the vertical plane. In addition, based on actual projection demand, this paper presents the overall performance evaluation criteria for the multi-projector system. According to these criteria, we determined the optimal placement for the projectors. This method also extends to surfaces that can be parameterized, such as spheres, ellipsoids, and paraboloids, and demonstrates a broad applicability.

Design and Analysis of an Interactive Motion Simulator in Space Entertainment System

In this paper, the analysis and design of a motion simulator (based on the approach taken by interactive virtual reality (VR) entertainment systems) is conducted. The main components of the system include a bilateral control interface, simulation and a motion simulator control scheme. The space entertainment system uses a virtual environment that enables operators to feel the actual feedback sensing and distorted motion from the virtual environment, just as they would in the real environment. The space entertainment system integrates the dynamics of the motion simulator and the virtual environment and the operator maneuvers a steering wheel to interact with the system. The multiple bilateral control schemes employ a dynamical controller, which is designed by considering the velocity and acceleration that the operator imposes on the joystick, the environmental changes imposed on the motion simulator. In addition, we develop a calculated method to evaluate the Ratio of the simulation results. It is shown that the proposed control scheme can improve the performance of the visual entertainment system. Experiments are conducted on the virtual reality entertainment system to validate the theoretical developments.

Design and control of a haptic interactive motion simulator for virtual entertainment systems

SUMMARYIn this paper, an interactive virtual reality motion simulator is designed and analyzed. The main components of the system include a bilateral control interface, networking, a virtual environment, and a motion simulator. The virtual reality entertainment system uses a virtual environment that enables the operator to feel the actual feedback through a haptic interface as well as the distorted motion from the virtual environment just as s/he would in the real environment. The control scheme for the simulator uses the change in velocity and acceleration that the operator imposes on the joystick, the environmental changes imposed on the motion simulator, and the haptic feedback to the operator to maneuver the simulator in the real environment. The stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed based on the Nyquist stability criteria. It is shown that the proposed design for the simulator system works well and the theoretical findings are validated experimentally.

Training Effects in a Sickness-Inducing Environment

The present study was conducted to empirically examine the effect of adaptation training and transfer of training on simulation sickness by inducing graded motion sickness through the systematic distortion of the relevant characteristics of three VR devices (VE, OKN, and Real-World Entertainment Ride). It was hypothesized that for people who are highly susceptible to motion-induced sickness, the perceptual adaptation training method would transfer from a controlled laboratory environment to a real-world situation. Ten participants from a previous laboratory study were tested on a real-world virtual reality entertainment device. The results showed that subjects who had experienced adaptation training on the optokinetic OKN device had lower dizziness scores on the real world game. However, subjects who had experienced adaptation training on the VE device (HMD) did not have lower dizziness scores. This pattern of results suggests that crossover training from controlled laboratory environments to real-world environments is likely to be one-directional and platform specific. Our present findings imply a technique for mitigating sickness through pre-adaptation training in sensory re-arrangement that is feasible and has major practical implications in business, industry, the military and the private sector, where motion sickness symptoms limit previous exposure.

Age Differences in a Virtual Reality Entertainment Environment: A Field Study

The data presented below was collected at a Virtual Reality (VR) amusement center in Orlando, FL. This study is exploratory, i.e., an initial attempt to try and uncover factor(s) that may interact with age when determining user enjoyment of a VR ride. In addition, we measured each participant's state of wellbeing to see how the VR rides in the center impacted our participants. 28 people participated in the study. Three age groups, Young, Middle, and Old, were established from our sample (meanage=11, 28, and 50, respectively). Significant correlation's between age and several survey questions were found. Although one person dropped out there were no significant differences in sickness scores, either between age groups or collapsed across groups.