Virtual Reality-based Learning Research Articles

Utilization of Virtual Reality (VR) in Developing Interactive Learning Experiences

The development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology has opened up new opportunities for creating more immersive and interactive learning experiences. With its ability to simulate realistic virtual environments, Virtual Reality has the potential to increase student engagement in the learning process, aid understanding of complex concepts, and promote active learning. This research aims to explore the use of Virtual Reality technology in developing interactive learning experiences. The main focus is evaluating the effectiveness of Virtual Reality in increasing student motivation, engagement and learning outcomes, as well as identifying supporting factors and challenges in implementing Virtual Reality in educational environments. This research uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through observation, interviews, surveys and analysis of student performance in a Virtual Reality-based learning environment. A prototype Virtual Reality application for learning was built and tested on a group of students with diverse backgrounds. The research results show that the use of Virtual Reality in the learning environment significantly increases student motivation and engagement. Students feel more interested and involved in the learning process due to the immersive and interactive nature of the virtual environment. Additionally, understanding complex concepts becomes easier with the visualizations and simulations provided by Virtual Reality. However, challenges such as implementation costs, training needs, and technical issues were also identified. The research conclusion states that Virtual Reality is a promising technology for developing interactive learning experiences. Although there are challenges that must be overcome, research results show that Virtual Reality can increase student motivation, engagement and understanding in the learning process. Further research is needed to explore the potential of Virtual Reality in more depth.

Understanding experiences and interactions of children with Asperger’s syndrome in Virtual Reality-based learning systems

ABSTRACT Asperger’s syndrome is part of the large group of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Children with Asperger’s syndrome suffer from communication difficulties, which leads to disabilities related to social skills and learning. One of the novel suggested approaches to help in their social interaction and learning has been the use of Virtual Reality environments. Following this path, in this long-term study, we explored the social interaction and communication of children with Asperger’s syndrome within a Virtual Reality-based learning system. Children with Asperger’s syndrome used the system in a controlled environment for three months. By conducting a qualitative study based on Constructivist Grounded Theory methods and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, involving the children, their teachers and mental health experts, we perceived that after initially demonstrating discomfort with the system’s characters, children interacted with the characters of the VR system, facing their communication difficulties, and expressing emotional states (e.g. fear, shyness, and probable suicidal desire). Based on the results, we provide novel insights related to the perception of children with Asperger’s syndrome regarding the use of Virtual Reality-based learning systems.

Learning Transformation in the Digital Era: Development of Virtual Reality-Based Learning Media to Increase Student Efficiency and Creativity

During the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact was felt in Indonesia's education world, especially when learning was online or offline. Every lecturer in educational institutions is expected to provide the latest innovations to create an effective learning process. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the digitalization of education in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, and advances in information technology are an opportunity to increase creativity in learning media. One proposed method is the development of Virtual Reality-based learning media, which can support the quality of the teaching and learning process. The development of Virtual Reality-based learning media includes intelligent systems for the Informatics Engineering Study Program, and Agro-Industry Plantation Management for the Agro-Industry Management Study Program, especially at Campus 4 PSDKU Sidoarjo – Politeknik Negeri Jember. The results of the development of Virtual Reality-based learning media are in the form of visualization illustrations of students' understanding of the Intelligent Systems and Plantation Agro-Industry Management courses. This technology is expected to facilitate student participation with learning resources more efficiently than conventional learning media which only allows one-way communication. Based on the results of evaluations via questionnaires to students, it is known that learning efficiency reaches 82% when using Virtual Reality-based learning media.

Pengembangan Materi Donner des Informations Personnelles Melalui Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Virtual Reality pada Keterampilan Menyimak Bahasa Prancis

Efforts to attract students' interest in the learning process need to be carried out by the teacher. In the 21st century, the use of technology is the main key to applying interesting and fun learning media, especially in French listening skills. The difficulty of students in listening to foreign language speech is often encountered because they have insufficient background knowledge to support their hearing. For this reason, the application of technology-based learning media, especially virtual reality in French, can be done. This research is included in the development research design. The development steps according to the Lee and Owens (2004) development model include (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation (evaluation). The data collection technique used was in the form of a document study to determine the material to be developed based on the Alter Ego 1+ textbook. The material is analyzed first, then applied to virtual reality-based learning media. The use of this media can be a good strategy to motivate students in listening skills.

Immersive virtual reality-based learning as a supplement for biomedical engineering labs: challenges faced and lessons learned.

Immersive virtual reality (VR) based laboratory demonstrations have been gaining traction in STEM education as they can provide virtual hands-on experience. VR can also facilitate experiential and visual learning and enhanced retention. However, several optimizations of the implementation, in-depth analyses of advantages and trade-offs of the technology, and assessment of receptivity of modern techniques in STEM education are required to ensure better utilization of VR-based labs. In this study, we developed VR-based demonstrations for a biomolecular engineering laboratory and assessed their effectiveness using surveys containing free responses and 5-point Likert scale-based questions. Insta360 Pro2 camera and Meta Quest 2 headsets were used in combination with an in-person lab. A cohort of 53 students watched the experimental demonstration on VR headsets in the lab after a brief lab overview in person and then performed the experiments in the lab. Only 28.29% of students reported experiencing some form of discomfort after using the advanced VR equipment as opposed to 63.63% of students from the previous cohort. About 40% of the students reported that VR eliminated or reduced auditory and visual distractions from the environment, the length of the videos was appropriate, and they received enough information to understand the tasks. The traditional lab method was found to be more suitable for explaining background information and lab concepts while the VR was found to be suitable for demonstrating lab procedures and tasks. Analyzing open-ended questions revealed several factors and recommendations to overcome the potential challenges and pitfalls of integrating VR with traditional modes of learning. This study provides key insights to help optimize the implementation of immersive VR to effectively supplement in-person learning experiences.

A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Emerging Trends in Educational Research concerning E-learning

This research is a literature review study that intends to determine trends in the use of E-learning for education, The method used is a literature study method where researchers search literature from 2018 to 2023 from various articles that have been published and journals indexed by Scopus, Sinta, Wos, Ebsco, Copernicus and Google Scholar. The result of this study is that currently the use of learning media has changed which previously only used blog-based media and changed to Virtual reality and is currently most widely used as a learning media. This can make it easier for learners to visualize learning. The conclusion obtained is that the use of e-learning media can increase learning value and can facilitate the understanding of lessons. The trend that is changing today is to use Virtual reality-based learning media. Researchers hope that this article will have a significant impact on learning and teaching staff can use learning media that are currently trending. The use of Virtual reality learning media makes it easier for students to understand visual learning and in terms of cost can be more efficient.

Virtual Reality Based Hypermedia Training for Teachers of MAN 2 Model Makassar

This Community Service Activity (PKM) aims to; (1) provide an introduction to teachers at MAN 2 Model Makassar regarding Virtual Reality learning media as an alternative IT-based learning media, and (2) train MAN 2 Model Makassar teachers to be able to utilize Virtual Reality-based learning media. The methods applied in this service program are the presentation method, the demonstration method, and the practical method. The presentation method is applied in the introduction of hypermedia software using the millers lab application, its benefits, and its application in making virtual reality-based media, demonstration methods regarding program operations and practical methods where teachers practice directly making learning media according to their respective subjects with the use of media-based virtual reality

Analysis of the Need for Development of Virtual Reality-Based Learning Media to Build Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies for Prospective Physics Teachers

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) is a conceptual framework used to describe the knowledge needed by a teacher to integrate technology into the learning process. In the context of developing Virtual Reality (VR) based learning media, physics education students as prospective teachers need to have a strong understanding of how VR technology can be used as a medium for teaching specific topics (TK), how to actively involve students in the VR environment ( PK), and a deep understanding of the lesson topics taught (CK). This research aims to produce Virtual Reality-Based Learning Media to build the TPACK competency of Physics Teacher Candidates that is feasible, practical, and effective. The development research method used is EDR (Educational Design Research) with the following stages: analysis and exploration; design and construction; and evaluation and reflection. Based on the questionnaire given to students, interviews conducted with lecturers, and literature review studies that have been carried out, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop Virtual Reality-based Learning Media Development to Build the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies of Prospective Physics Teachers.

Development of Virtual Reality-Based Learning Media for Product-Setting Subjects in Vocational Schools

The research aims to develop learning media based on Virtual Reality for the Product Management subject at SMKN 14 Jakarta. The study uses research and development methods (Research & Development) using the combined procedure reference development model between the Borg and Gall models, the Dick Carey Model), and the Hannafin and Peck Models. This model is carried out through needs analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The results of this study are as follows. (In summary, the research went through several key stages: 1) The analysis stage highlighted the limitations of practical facilities for the Limited Product Arrangement subject. 2) The design phase resulted in a comprehensive design, including Virtual Reality illustrations with 3D display designs, color selection, typography, page layouts, images, videos, audio, and interface designs. 3) During the development of Virtual Reality products, the researcher processed the content into a medium using the Unity Engine application. 4) The testing phase, which included material and media testing, produced highly favorable results. Material experts rated content quality and objectives at 4.8 in the "very feasible" category, while media experts found functional suitability very doable with a percentage score of 4.67. Usability testing yielded a score of 4.7, indicating good usability. Performance efficiency met standards and effectively engaged students' learning interest. Overall, these findings demonstrate the success of the research in developing Virtual Reality-based learning materials for the Product Arrangement subject.

Virtual reality experiences in medical education: A systematic literature review

Background: Some studies suggested that teaching anatomy with a virtual reality simulator would greatly enhance medical education. The purpose of this work is to analyze the available literature to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality as a learning tool for anatomy teaching in medical schools. Materials and Methods: This literature review was completed in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines on September 07, 2022. The three databases that were utilized were Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PubMed. After performing the search utilizing the listed guidelines, two independent researchers shared and debated their individual lists, ultimately combining them and applying further exclusion criteria. This resulted in two remaining articles which addressed the research question. Results: One of the most notable findings in both articles is that students who utilized virtual reality in their anatomy learning demonstrated improvement in their understanding of structure locations and spatial relationships. In addition, students ability to read and understand diagnostic imaging markedly improved for images presented both on examinations and in face-to-face settings following virtual reality-based learning interventions. Virtual reality technology also increased interest in anatomy when utilized in the anatomy classroom, though this interest was limited to the anatomic region(s) in which the virtual reality sessions focused. Discussion/Limitations: Due to the scarcity of topically relevant results, this particular systematic review is unable to express anything beyond potential promise in the use of virtual reality-based interventions in the medical school anatomy classroom. As virtual reality technologies have been shown to potentially add benefit in these applications, there is reason to believe that new literature will become available in the near future. Conclusion: This particular review analyzed the available literature from the last 4.5 years on virtual reality learning in the medical school anatomy classroom. The authorial team found that very little has been written on the topic and that further research should be performed to determine the level of effect that this has on student learning other than that virtual reality increases student interests in the topics and specific anatomical regions of study.

Revisiting multimedia learning design principles in virtual reality-based learning environments for autistic individuals

Revisiting multimedia learning design principles in virtual reality-based learning environments for autistic individuals

Virtual Reality-Based Learning about "Animals Recognition" and Its Influence on Students' Understanding

The development of Educational technology has experienced a rapid increase which has consciously contributed positively to the motivation for learning achievement, as well as virtual reality media which can bring reality into learning activities. The aim of this research is to produce virtual reality media for learning to know animal’ diversity. This research type is Research and Development with the ADDIE’ developing model which consists 5 steps : 1. Analysis, 2. Design, 3. Development, 4. Impelmentation, 5. Evaluation. The research subject consists of media experts, material experts, teachers, and 27 elementary school second-grade students. Data collection techniques consist of tests and non-tests, with interview guidelines, questionnaires, and test instruments for data analysis tailored to each instrument using average, descriptive, and n-gain. Research results show that Virtual Reality products are declared suitable for use as learning media and are effective in increasing students' understanding of animal introduction for elementary school students. The results of assessments by media experts, material experts, and teachers also showed that these media belong to the category of "appropriate" to be used as learning media. In addition, the media is also included in the "effective" category to help students understand material about animal recognition based on n-gain analysis.

Investigating the potential adverse effects of virtual reality-based learning system usage: from UTAUT2 and PPVITU perspectives

ABSTRACT A review of the literature shows that much academic effort has been expended studying information system usage and information technology adoption. However, these theories/models based on psychological research are not specific to the virtual reality context and may not fully capture the nature of virtual reality-based learning system (VR-BLS) usage behavior in the virtual environment. Given the limited utility of existing theories/models, this study aims to build a theoretical model and to validate the psychological and physiological effects of using VR-BLSs. To explore students’ usage intentions, this study integrates the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), representing the psychological effects, and the perceived physiological vulnerability to IT usage (PPVITU), representing the physiological effects. We empirically examine the research model using a cross-sectional survey, collecting data from a sample of 352 students, and utilizing partial least squares (PLS) for the analysis. Our findings show that the behavioral intention to use VR-BLSs is determined by performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Moreover, PPVITU negatively moderates the association between social influence and the behavioral intention to use VR-BLSs. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the relationship between students’ VR-BLS usage behavior and VR-based education.

The Influence of Virtual Reality Content in Social Studies Learning on Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Happiness at SMP N 3 Pagedongan Banjarnegara

The essence of social studies learning is to help students to develop the ability to make decisions, in a different society and the culture of an interdependent world democratic society. Thus, IPS follows an integrated perspective aimed at developing the ability to make decisions, based on the diverse public interests in social life. Social studies learning is not only limited to achieving degrees of knowledge and understanding, but is expected to be able to achieve higher degrees, namely increasing the profile of critical thinking. One of the important challenges for Social Sciences teachers is how to manage learning that is able to bring joy to learning. The research used the experimental method in the form of a true experimental design, with cluster random sampling. Collecting data using test techniques, questionnaires and observation. Data analysis is quantitative or statistical in nature, with the aim of testing the established hypotheses. The results of the research are based on the results of the questionnaire hypothesis test, to measure the happiness of learning conducted by researchers with a significant probability value of 2 thailood is 0.0000 less than 0.05 then H1 is accepted. There is an influence of the application of the use of virtual reality-based learning media on the learning happiness of students at Pagedongan 3 Public Middle School. Looking at the results of the post-test hypothesis testing, to measure critical thinking skills performed by researchers with a significant probability value of 2 thailood is 0.0000 less than 0.05. It can be concluded that H1 is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of applying the use of virtual reality-based learning media to the critical thinking skills of students in grade 7 at SMP Negeri 3 Pagedongan.

Virtual Reality Adventures as an Effort to Improve the Quality of Welding Technology Learning During a Pandemic

Indonesia is one of the countries affected by changes in the education system and learning activities. Learning media aims at attracting students' interest in improving their cognitive and understanding of learning. The selection of media should be based on the following criteria: effective, useful, flexible, affordably accessible, and most importantly in line with learning objectives. Therefore, Virtual Reality-based learning media is the right technology for building online learning conditions to appear more real and real-time. This study aims to develop a VR-based learning media for welding technology courses. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D development model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Stages are carried out in stages with analytical and experimental formulations. The results showed that the total average indicators of the VR learning media material validation witch was 0.87 (valid) and the design validation assessment was 0.88 (valid). It can be concluded that the validation results of the learning media developed are declared valid and have been well tested, and are effective to be applied to welding technology learning.

Training on Utilization of Based Learning Media Virtual Reality for City Science Teachers Jeneponto

Activity devotion to community (PkM) aim to: (1) provide introduction to science teachers at Jeneponto Junior High School regarding Virtual Reality learning media as an alternative learning media IT based, and (2) to train science teachers at Jeneponto Junior High School For capable use learning media based on Virtual Reality. Activity done with method training carried out during 3 stages, stage First training related introduction to various learning media used in accordance with development Revolution Industry 4.0 is one of the media used as a learning medium based on Virtual Reality. Training stage two with material about training use of learning media Deep Virtual Reality based learning as well as stage third do evaluation and strengthening. Activity training carried out responses positive of the teachers indicated with enthusiasm during activity as well as attitude positive for applied learning media Deep Virtual Reality based activity learning in accordance with development technology Information in the Age of Revolution Industry 4.0. The training participants were very interesting and enthusiastic in participating in the training activities. Participants also gain knowledge, skills and motivation by using Virtual Reality-based learning media. Participants responded positively to training activities and were able to apply various learning media in the learning process so as to improve the quality of learning.

Diverse approaches to learning with immersive Virtual Reality identified from a systematic review

To investigate how learning in immersive Virtual Reality was designed in contemporary educational studies, this systematic literature review identified nine design features and analysed 219 empirical studies on the designs of learning activities with immersive Virtual Reality. Overall, the technological features for physical presence were more readily implemented and investigated than pedagogical features for learning engagement. Further analysis with k-means clustering revealed five approaches with varying levels of interactivity and openness in learning tasks, from watching virtual worlds passively to responding to personalised prompts. Such differences in the design appeared to stem from different practical and educational priorities, such as accessibility, interactivity, and engagement. This review highlights the diversity in the learning task designs in immersive Virtual Reality and illustrates how researchers are navigating practical and educational concerns. We recommend future empirical studies recognise the different approaches and priorities when designing and evaluating learning with immersive Virtual Reality. We also recommend that future systematic reviews investigate immersive Virtual Reality-based learning not only by learning topics or learner demographics, but also by task designs and learning experiences.

Design of a Virtual Reality-Based Learning System for Spoken English

Virtual reality is an important technology that is fast gaining global attention in different spheres of life particularly in the education sector. In view of this, this study designs a distance learning system for spoken English based on virtual reality, firstly, the overall design of the teaching system and the hardware and software of the system are designed, then a double-supervised signal convolutional neural network algorithm is proposed for the speech data recognition function of the system, and finally the testing of the system performance and the simulation analysis of the algorithm are carried out. The results show that the step response curve of the system designed in this study is gradually stabilized after 11s of operation, although there are certain fluctuations in the initial stage; the speaking scoring function of the system is more influenced by the sampling period T. When T is at 3 and 4, the speaking scoring speed of the teaching system is 33s~42s, which is significantly better than other intervals. The number of information submission and feedback was approximately the same and the interaction activity was very high after students used the system designed in this study, reflecting that student were more motivated to learn spoken English after using the system. The final loss rate using Goog Le Net is smaller and more convergent compared to the loss rate of the other three CNN models trained. The convolutional neural network algorithm constructed in this study has a very high accuracy rate in the recognition of English speech data, which is significantly better than other recognition models. To a certain extent, this study can provide guidance for the construction of English-speaking distance learning system, and more needs of users can be considered in future research.

Potential utilization of virtual reality learning for vocational school teachers

This study aims to determine the potential of using virtual reality as a learning tool for teachers, especially at Vocational High Schools. This research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Descriptive analysis aims to reveal an objective picture of the conditions in the subject under study. Descriptive quantification seeks to describe an object using numerical data. In addition, verbal/qualitative descriptions of targets are also carried out through in-depth and detailed studies of organizations or certain phenomena through observation or analysis to generate data. The implementation of Virtual Reality-based learning has been systematic, following the design, development/production, utilization, and management and evaluation models. The stages that have not been implemented are developing a learning system integrated with virtual reality models, using virtual reality as a system, managing information systems, and evaluating the effectiveness of implementing virtual reality-based learning. In addition, there are several obstacles, including: 1) The limited quantity and quality of resources that include professionals, specialists, and technicians in the use of virtual reality-based learning; 2) Not all teachers are enthusiastic and motivated, especially older teachers, to apply virtual reality-based learning concerning improving the quality of learning; 3) Not all schools have the necessary infrastructure for optimal implementation of virtual reality (such as multimedia classrooms), there are no buildings or spaces to manage the development of virtual learning in vocational Schools; and 4) The high cost of official/original software is an obstacle for the development and production of virtual reality programs.

Virtual Museum of Tsunami Project for Increasing Awareness of Disaster Risk Potential in Physics Class

Virtual Reality (VR) development is expected to answer the problem of learning loss in education, especially in disaster mitigation studies. Using VR with artificial environments of scenes and objects appearing to be real, various disaster scenarios were made possible to learn. When this computer-enhanced learning was introduced to high school students, it could reduce both limitations and challenges of real-world learning. Visena (Virtual Museum of Tsunami) is virtual reality-based learning media in the form of a virtual museum which helps students understand the concept of waves and increase awareness of disaster risk potential in earthquakes and tsunamis. This study aims to test the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of Visena when it is implemented in a classroom setting. Visena was developed during the study using a 4D model of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Visena learning media were classified as very valid according to the validation process results. Student’s response were categorized very good despite a limited trial of Visena in class. Some students showed good performance with significant results when using Visena. It is recommended to use a smartphone to reduce dizziness when using glasses, and the material should be adjusted to the characteristics of the students. Therefore, an introduction to learning material and teacher assistance is needed.