Concept Of Virtual Organization Research Articles

Cross-Domain Role Mapping in Grid Computing Environment

Lack of proper authorization techniques in grid computing technologies is a matter of much concern. The concept of virtual organizations which is at the core of computational grids further complicate the matter. Role-based access control (RBAC) is a security technology that is gaining importance now-a-days. It is used a lot in network security and can be effectively applied in grids too. Here a cross-domain policy mechanism for authorization is outlined based on the research of RBAC model at present, whereby equality is achieved between a local and a global role. The future work is to realize the model and implement it in practice.

Virtual organisations for effective economic and technological sustainable development policies in the commercial Egyptian public banking sector

Nowadays, the concept of virtual organisation (VO) denotes a paradigm shift for policymakers and managers targeting to increase the effectiveness of economic and technological sustainable development. Although the growing number of studies devoted to the topic of VO in developed countries, few studies have been directed to study developing countries, especially the MENA region. This study was inspired by the theoretical research framework proposed by Fathy El Dessouky (2011) to examine the relationship between virtual organisations and the effectiveness of economic and technological sustainable development policies in the commercial public banking sector in Egypt. The research examined four distinguished Egyptian commercial public sector banks which have taken serious steps towards e-banking system. A questionnaire with pre-prepared closed-ended questions was distributed to a random sample of 600 employees at the top, middle and executive levels of management but only 500 employees responded to the questionnaire. The results presented and demonstrated the need for specific areas of improvement regarding the VO, in particular, to satisfy the requirements of economic and technological sustainable development policies in developing countries.

Practical example of game theory application for production route selection

The opportunity which opens before manufacturers on the dynamic market, especially before those from the sector of the small and medium-sized enterprises, is associated with the use of the virtual organizations concept. The planning stage of such organizations could be based on supporting decision-making tasks using the tools and formalisms taken from the game theory. In the paper the model of the virtual manufacturing network, along with the practical example of decision-making situation as two person game and the decision strategies with an analysis of calculation results are presented.

The Concept and the Level of Virtualization in Contemporary Companies (Based on the Example of Polish Firms)

This article addresses the phenomenon of virtualization of economic activity. It is considered in the article in the context of the concept of virtual organizations that is already recognised in the subject literature. The theoretical basis of the publication is therefore a reflection on the essence of a virtual organization, its characteristics and the ability to analyse the profile and the level of the virtualization of today’s companies. A virtual organization is seen here as a specific form of organizing cooperation among independent companies in the contemporary business world. The practical part of the article is based on the results of research that allowed empirical verification of the theoretical considerations. The study covered companies operating within the territory of the Republic of Poland. The outcome of the research conducted allowed determining the level of virtualization in the surveyed companies. The characteristics of the virtualization process of the surveyed companies was created. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ss.90.4.14248

The Implications of Logistics Dynamics over the Virtual Organization – A Model of Analysis Proposition

The current economic context and the complexity of the business environment, as well as innovations and trends in the literature led to the creation of new forms of partnership between the existing organizations. Thus, the concept of virtual organization was developed, which can be found in the business environment, but which is a delicate subject in literature because of the difficulty encountered in defining this concept. At the same time, the awareness of the need for organizations to adopt a business model and also to know the value chain and logistics evolution has a significant impact on the dynamics of virtual organizations.In what follows, the authors will present the views of researchers encountered in the literature regarding issues such as: what constitutes a business model, what are virtual organizations, which are the implications for the adoption of a value chain, as well as developments in logistics. The interconnection between the items listed above has a significant impact on the operation of the virtual organization and on its way of having competitive advantage as a result of the awareness of the importance of these key elements. Certainly, the authors’ opinions regarding this subject will also be highlighted.Also, in the case study, the authors propose a conceptual model of analysis, developed as a result of the research of the activity carried out by an organization which needs to improve their processes.

Virtual organisation model: the new organisation and value chain framework

The virtual organisation concept emerged when companies initiated to outsourcing production process using this characteristic to define their virtualisation. Thereafter, this concept has changed and obtained new dimensions. The introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) brought more changes for this organisation concept, mainly after the internet advent. As these transformations took place in a short period of time, knowledge although comprehensive, remains diffuse. This theoretical study aims to consolidate virtual organisation concepts, analysing their development since the industrial model to one in which service companies predominate. Thus, it proposes a framework of how these virtual enterprises could organise themselves.

Virtual Organizations : Information Technology

In the past decade, complex bureaucratic of organizations was containing such consistency and zeal that damaged it consider indecent and sometimes impossible. In this atmosphere, idea of creating virtual organizations was not dissimilar a dream. But today, the dramatic changes in the organization and inconceivable development of communication technology ,information and pervading computer networks in organizations and even homes, on the other hand, inefficient traditional organizations in response to these developments, cause fading of the administrative organization (bureaucracy) and Netocray reign(network reign on organization).However, the idea of virtual organizations not only has been appeared real, but is an undeniable necessity to 21st century organization. Today, many employees from their homes through information and communication networks such as the Internet, pager, fax, video conferencing and ... Offer their services to organizations. Also large and small organizations, by glancing unity to performing a special work in a group by using information and communication technology, even collaborate with their former rivals and make great things. However, in this paper, try to explain the need to address issues such as the concept of virtual organizations, and also life cycle, types, advantages and disadvantages of virtual organization as it possible. Keyword: Virtual organizations - organizing - Organization structure

A prototype and demonstrator of Akogrimo’s architecture: An approach of merging grids, SOA, and the mobile Internet

The trend of merging telecommunication infrastructures with traditional Information Technology (IT) infrastructures is ongoing and important for commercial service providers. The driver behind this development is, on one hand, the strong need for enhanced services and on the other hand, the need of telecommunication operators aiming at value-added service provisioning to a wide variety of customers. In the telecommunications sector, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a promising service platform, which may become a “standard” for supporting added-value services on top of the next generation network infrastructure. However, since its range of applicability is bound to SIP- enabled services, IMS extensions are being proposed by “SIPifying” applications. In parallel to these developments within the traditional IT sector, the notion of Virtual Organizations (VO) enabling collaborative businesses across organizational boundaries is addressed in the framework of Web Services (WS) standards implementing a Service-oriented Architecture (SOA). Here, concepts for controlled resource and service sharing based on WS and Semantic Technologies have been consolidated. Since the telecommunications sector has become, in the meantime “mobile”, all concepts brought into this infrastructure must cope with the dynamics mobility brings in. Therefore, within the Akogrimo project the VO concept has been extended towards a Mobile Dynamic Virtual Organization (MDVO) concept, additionally considering key requirements of mobile users and resources. Especial attention is given to ensure the duality of the merge of both, SOA and IMS approaches to holistically support SOA-enabled mobile added-value services and their users. This work describes major results of the Akogrimo project, paying special attention to the overall Akogrimo architecture, the prototype implemented, and the key scenario in which the instantiated Akogrimo architecture shows a very clear picture of applicability, use, and an additional functional evaluation.

Agreement negotiation support in virtual organisation creation–an illustrative case

In the actual market conditions, where it is essential to rapidly respond to business opportunities that might emerge, the concept of virtual organisation (VO) appears particularly well suited. The possibility of rapidly forming a VO to respond to a business or collaboration opportunity gives companies an expression of agility and survival mechanisms in the face of market turbulence. Nevertheless, in the process of VO creation, the negotiation among partners is essential. It is of extreme importance to have an environment where all potential partners can come together and negotiate the necessary topics towards an agreement to regulate the consortium behaviour. Through this environment it should be possible to conduct and manage the VO negotiation process, reach agreements and commitments among partners, enclose necessary documentation, specify partners’ rights and duties, etc. To accomplish such environment, a negotiation wizard is proposed. An illustrative scenario of an agreement negotiation in a multicultural context is presented showing the applicability of the wizard.

Impact Analysis of Collaborative Platforms - The Case of SPIKE

Today's companies are under considerable strain. Several events or developments such as the global economic crises or the ongoing globalization process contribute to this situation. Meanwhile, however, companies have realized that the concept of virtual organizations represents an efficient measure to counter the current challenges. More and more companies make use of this concept supported by technologies like collaboration platforms. However, the application of such collaboration platforms brings along some changes for organizations in doing their business. For instance, interaction between people, who could not get in touch before, is thereby fostered in particular. Employees of different organizations, even across countries' boundaries, can set up new relationships due to the deployment of collaboration platforms. This paper analyses the impact of collaboration platforms and their effects on the daily business of organizations.

Modeling and analysis of project team formation factors in a project-oriented virtual organization (ProVO)

In this era of rapid changes in the project-oriented R&D organization’s environment, some are actively pursuing joint research to gain a leading edge over other R&D organizations. The condition for joint research is the knowledge that an organization needs from other organizations and the capability of collaboration. This study presents a ProVO model using the concept of virtual organization and project team formation based on knowledge and collaboration. In this model, VO is represented by the capability of carrying out a project and the cost of employment. Capability consists of knowledge competence (KC) and collaboration competence (CC). KC, in turn, consists of individual knowledge and collective knowledge from social network, while CC consists of density, degree centrality, and closeness centrality. To verify the presented model, we conducted a case study on a research institute. The analysis results show that all five project team formation factors of KC and CC are statistically significant. A prototype was also developed for selecting project team members using the binary logistics regression model. The proposed ProVO model can assist quantitative decision making on the selection of project team members by a project-oriented R&D organization from the aspects of knowledge and collaboration.

TQM in a virtual organisation: issues and strategies

A Virtual Organisation (VO) is a collection of several independent companies connected together by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to provide products and services to the customer. With the availability and ubiquitousness of ICT the concept of VO is a reality. Achieving customer satisfaction in a VO environment is complex. Total Quality Management (TQM) is recognised as a philosophy focusing on customer satisfaction through continuous improvement and employee involvement. The traditional TQM implementation model is based on the notion that all the major organisational function is performed within the confinement of a single company. This paradigm is not valid for a VO and implementing TQM in a VO is apparently much more complex. This research efforts investigates the complex issues for TQM implementation in a VO.

The performance model of dynamic virtual organization (VO) formations within grid computing context

Grid computing aims to enable “resource sharing and coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations (VOs)”. Within the grid computing context, successful dynamic VO formations mean a number of individuals and institutions associated with certain resources join together and form new VOs in order to effectively execute tasks within given time steps. To date, while the concept of VOs has been accepted, few research has been done on the impact of effective dynamic virtual organization formations. In this paper, we develop a performance model of dynamic VOs formation and analyze the effect of different complex organizational structures and their various statistic parameter properties on dynamic VO formations from three aspects: (1) the probability of a successful VO formation under different organizational structures and statistic parameters change, e.g. average degree; (2) the effect of task complexity on dynamic VO formations; (3) the impact of network scales on dynamic VO formations. The experimental results show that the proposed model can be used to understand the dynamic VO formation performance of the simulated organizations. The work provides a good path to understand how to effectively schedule and utilize resources based on the complex grid network and therefore improve the overall performance within grid environment.

Evaluation of CITIS as a collaborative virtual organization for construction project management

The construction industry has suffered from its fragmented structure along the phases of the construction life cycle. The use of information technology (IT) has effectively promoted integration of fragmented information under the scattered construction environment. However, to date, many Internet-based systems for online project collaboration do not sufficiently provide standard formats for transmitting contractual documents and project-related information due to the data compatibility issue. As an alternative, this paper introduces a concept of virtual organization and then examines a CITIS (Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service) system for public construction projects developed in Korea from the viewpoint of a virtual organization concept. The CITIS system suggested here has been applied to local branches of the Korea MOCT (Ministry of Construction and Transportation) and is currently in use. Field evaluation has found that the Korean construction CITIS still lacks collaborative workspace despite its good results on field tests. Finally, the lessons learned from field evaluation are provided to advance the current CITIS toward fully integrated collaborative virtual organization.

Gestão da informação em organizações virtuais: uma nova questão para a coordenação interorganizacional no setor público

O artigo destaca a importância da reflexão sobre as implicações e possibilidades que os conceitos relativos a organizações virtuais podem trazer para a coordenação interorganizacional no âmbito do planejamento governamental, de forma a contribuir para incrementar a efetividade da ação de governo, por meio de um ambiente informacional cooperativo. Aspectos como gestão cooperativa da informação, cultura organizacional, poder e controle, fronteiras e estruturas organizacionais e confiança deverão ser observados no contexto do planejamento governamental, caso se pretenda evoluir na aplicação do conceito de organizações virtuais ao setor público.

Developing light combat aircraft: foresight as the guiding principle

The Light Combat Aircraft is the smallest, most lightweight multi-role fighter of its class in the world. It uses state-of-the-art technologies. The aircraft development involved a disciplined and structured approach using the virtual organisation concept. An integrated team consisting of members from industry R&D institutions, customers and academia worked towards the realisation of the aircraft. Foresight helped in conceiving the challenging task, identifying a young team and providing a flexible organisational set-up. The cycle time for development was reduced using a distributed knowledge creation mode intermediated by organisational trust.

Organisations going virtual

This paper deals with the different meanings given to the concept of virtual organisation. A typology developed by Campbell, consisting of four forms of virtual organisation, is presented. We illustrate this categorisation with practical examples. We will explain why we use the term virtual organising rather than virtual organisation. Our conclusion is that organisations planning to go virtual have to make technological and organisational decisions that are intertwined at a strategic level, resulting in a specific sociotechnical configuration of virtual organising.