Virtual Cloud Research Articles

Software-Defined Metaverse (SDM) Architecture

The metaverse, a vast virtual shared space that integrates enhanced physical reality with persistent virtual environments, has the potential to revolutionize digital interaction by providing deeply immersive and interactive experiences. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud computing, the metaverse aims to harmonize the physical and digital worlds. However, existing metaverse architectures face significant challenges related to scalability, security, and efficiency. This paper introduces a novel Software-Defined Metaverse (SDM) Architecture, which uniquely addresses these challenges through a three-layered structure: the Application Layer, Control Layer, and Physical Layer. These layers are interconnected via standardized APIs, enabling efficient communication and data exchange. The architecture’s innovative centralization of control within the Control Layer not only enhances resource management but also significantly improves performance, scalability, and user experience. The modular design of the SDM Architecture facilitates seamless integration with emerging technologies, ensuring adaptability and long-term sustainability. By addressing critical technical hurdles and providing a robust, scalable framework, this work lays a strong foundation for future developments in the evolving digital landscape, positioning the SDM Architecture as a key enabler for the next generation of digital experiences.

Accelerated hit identification with target evaluation, deep learning and automated labs: prospective validation in IRAK1

BackgroundTarget identification and hit identification can be transformed through the application of biomedical knowledge analysis, AI-driven virtual screening and robotic cloud lab systems. However there are few prospective studies that evaluate the efficacy of such integrated approaches.ResultsWe synergistically integrate our in-house-developed target evaluation (SpectraView) and deep-learning-driven virtual screening (HydraScreen) tools with an automated robotic cloud lab designed explicitly for ultra-high-throughput screening, enabling us to validate these platforms experimentally. By employing our target evaluation tool to select IRAK1 as the focal point of our investigation, we prospectively validate our structure-based deep learning model. We can identify 23.8% of all IRAK1 hits within the top 1% of ranked compounds. The model outperforms traditional virtual screening techniques and offers advanced features such as ligand pose confidence scoring. Simultaneously, we identify three potent (nanomolar) scaffolds from our compound library, 2 of which represent novel candidates for IRAK1 and hold promise for future development.ConclusionThis study provides compelling evidence for SpectraView and HydraScreen to provide a significant acceleration in the processes of target identification and hit discovery. By leveraging Ro5’s HydraScreen and Strateos’ automated labs in hit identification for IRAK1, we show how AI-driven virtual screening with HydraScreen could offer high hit discovery rates and reduce experimental costs.Scientific contributionWe present an innovative platform that leverages Knowledge graph-based biomedical data analytics and AI-driven virtual screening integrated with robotic cloud labs. Through an unbiased, prospective evaluation we show the reliability and robustness of HydraScreen in virtual and high-throughput screening for hit identification in IRAK1. Our platforms and innovative tools can expedite the early stages of drug discovery.

Bi-directional information interaction for multi-modal 3D object detection in real-world traffic scenes

Multimodal 3D object detection methods are poorly adapted to real-world traffic scenes due to sparse distribution of point clouds and misalignment multimodal data during actual collection. Among the existing methods, they focus on high-quality open-source datasets, with performance relying on the accurate structural representation of point clouds and the precise mapping relationship between point clouds and images. To solve the above challenges, this paper proposes a multimodal feature-level fusion method based on the bi-directional interaction between image and point cloud. To overcome the sparsity issue in asynchronous multi-modal data, a point cloud densification scheme based on visual guidance and point cloud density guidance is proposed. This scheme can generate object-level virtual point clouds even when the point cloud and image are misaligned. To deal with the unalignment issue between point cloud and image, a bi-directional interaction module based on image-guided interaction with key points of point clouds and point cloud-guided interaction with image context information is proposed. It achieves effective feature fusion even when the point cloud and image are misaligned. The experiments on the VANJEE and KITTI datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, with average precision improvements of 6.20% and 1.54% compared to the baseline.

Virtual Clouds, Real Threats: DDoS Attacks Reviewed and Mitigated

In today's digital world, companies and organizations rely heavily on cloud computing for their everyday needs. Ensuring availability, confidentiality, accessibility, and integrity in the cloud is crucial. Any attack on cloud services can lead to serious consequences, including downtime, reputational damage, and financial loss. Among these threats, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are particularly concerning as they target cloud infrastructure with overwhelming traffic. This review examines various studies on cloud architecture and DDoS attack scenarios, exploring how these attacks happen and their impact. It also discusses defensive measures like mitigation, detection, and prevention, while acknowledging the limitations of existing research in fully addressing DDoS threats.

An Integrated Smart Manufacturing System for Customer Design Experience

This study focuses on the development of an integrated smart manufacturing system (ISMS) that centers on custom design experiences, utilizing virtual reality (VR) and cloud integration to enhance operational value. Through a Design for Excellence (DFX) approach, this system aims to seamlessly incorporate customer-specific designs into the manufacturing process, thus aligning closely with consumer needs. The research contributes significantly by (1) implementing a customer-focused design system that enhances sales benefits, (2) enabling a smooth transition from design drawings to automated production, thereby increasing manufacturing efficiency, and (3) establishing a digital transformation framework that integrates design, production, and marketing to boost overall business value.

Van der Waals Radii of Free and Bonded Atoms from Hydrogen (Z = 1) to Oganesson (Z = 118).

Reliable numerical values of van der Waals (vdW) radii are required for constructing empirical force fields, vdW-inclusive density functional, and quantum-chemical methods, as well as for implicit solvent models. However, multiple definitions exist for vdW radii, involving either equilibrium or the closest contact distances between free or bonded atoms within molecules or crystals. For the paradigmatic case of the hydrogen atom, its reported vdW radius fluctuates between 2.15 and 3.70 Bohr depending on the definition, leading to a high uncertainty in calculations and different conceptual interpretations of noncovalent interactions. In this work, we systematically review different definitions and methodologies to establish the free and bonded vdW radii for hydrogen, based on equilibrium vdW distances in noncovalently bonded molecules, enveloping electron density cutoffs, noncovalent positron bonds in hydrogen anion dimer, vacuum virtual photon cloud caused by the hydrogen atom, and atomic dipole polarizability. By doing so, we show that the vdW radius of the free hydrogen atom is 3.16 ± 0.06 Bohr. By employing the most general and elegant definition of atomic vdW radius as a function of the atomic polarizability, we tabulate consistent values of vdW radii for all atoms in the periodic table up to Z = 118.

Virtual Cloud Computing Lab: A Way for MSMEs in Increasing Firm Performance

This research aims to develop a business diversification strategy through a virtual cloud computing lab to reduce the risk of bankruptcy of SMEs. The method used in this research is mixed research in collaboration with quantitative and qualitative approaches to develop products and find out how much people accept the products developed. To see the acceptance of the developed website, the researcher used the technology acceptance model (TAM model). After forming a good model, a partial test (t-test) is carried out for decision-making. Based on the findings of data analysis, it was found that existing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) lacked information and media to assist them in diversifying their business. Based on these needs, a website for MSMEs has been developed that has been validated and obtained results in the "good" category. Researchers conducted tests for the acceptance of websites developed with structural perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intention to use, and actual use with results showing the "good" category. From these results, it can be concluded that the website developed has a good reception in supporting MSMEs to reduce the risk of bankruptcy.

Application of VDI Virtual Desktop Cloud-Based Computer Room Construction in Universities

Traditional computer rooms face challenges such as difficulties in hardware updates and maintenance, complex software licensing management, and cumbersome data backup and recovery. These issues have posed significant challenges to the informationization construction in universities. However, the construction of computer rooms based on VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) virtual desktop cloud can effectively address these problems and provide a more reliable, efficient, and flexible overall solution for the informationization construction in universities. Therefore, this paper will explore in-depth the application of VDI virtual desktop cloud-based computer room construction in universities.

Design and Application of Virtual Cloud OMS Computing in Smart Airport

Airport management takes airport information management as its key link, and it is also the key to ensure the safe operation of airports. As a modern information management and processing technology, cloud computing plays an indispensable role in the fields of efficient information processing, strengthening management and improving work efficiency. Under the development background of the information age, the management mode of airport operation and maintenance has also changed to some extent. In the growth of the new era, airport operation and maintenance managers need to introduce new technologies and then combine more advanced technologies with the airport operation and maintenance system (OMS) so as to promote the normal operation of the airport OMS based on advanced data acquisition, analysis, and integration technologies. This article studies the application of cloud computing technology and designs a virtual cloud OMS based on deep learning (DL) from the perspective of the security requirements of the management information system (MIS) to realize the fault diagnosis and identification of the airport MIS. The fault diagnosis technology of the airport MIS based on virtual cloud OMS and DL proposed in this study has broad prospects in practical application. It can be applied to airport operation and maintenance management, security, and other links, providing intelligent support for airport operation.

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) & Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) with Remote Access Using PuTTY Terminal on Ubuntu in a Private VPN

One of the computer technologies that is commonly used by agencies/companies is the internet network which functions as a bridge to connect between one point to another. Apart from having the advantage of being a medium for long-distance communication, the internet also has a lack of security. One of the weakness found is the internet as a transmission medium for important or confidential data. One effort that can be made to overcome this problem is to build a private network in a public network service, which is often known as a Virtual Private Network (VPN). In this research, the VPN was built by combining a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) with Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and using Ubuntu's Terminal in PuTTY Gen as remote access using network protocols for remote server needs from remote control.

MaP: Increasing node capacity of programmable cloud gateways

Virtual routing table lookup is a crucial operation in multi-tenant cloud gateways, the essential devices to enable the elastic management of Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs). However, software-based cloud gateways face performance bottlenecks when handling ever-increasing traffic. To address this challenge, a recent trend involves accelerating virtual routing table lookups using programmable switches, with Sailfish being the state-of-the-art solution. Nonetheless, Sailfish’s table scale on a single programmable switch is limited by the ASIC memory sizes. We introduce a novel scheme, named MaP (Merge and Partition), to significantly increase the memory efficiency on a single Tofino 1.0 programmable switch. MaP exploits the similarities in routing table entries across various VPCs for table compression and leverages the hardware architecture of programmable chips to minimize the memory occupancy. Performance evaluations using real-world virtual routing tables demonstrate that our approach reduces the memory cost from 25% to 47.7% compared to Sailfish, without negatively impacting the throughput and latency. With MaP, a single programmable switch can manage a massive table containing over 2 million entries for nearly 1 million VPCs, while only occupying 59.0% of memory and 63.0% of stages.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

Modern challenges of economic development have led to the digitalization of the Russian chemical industry within the framework of the international concept "Industry 4.0". Among the key emerging trends in the digitalization of the chemical industry, the following are highlighted and discussed: big data and advanced analytics, the Internet of Things, simulation and digital twins, blockchain technology, specialized software, augmented and virtual reality, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning, cybersecurity and data privacy, mobile applications. Despite the fact that the problem of assessing and measuring the level of digitalization still exists, especially in the chemical industry, a number of indices have been named to assess digitalization. Among them is the I-DESI index, which is proposed to be used internationally in the future. Modern chemical enterprises both in Russia and in other countries use digital technologies because they increase efficiency, accelerate innovation, increase safety and create new business models in an increasingly competitive environment. Various leading chemical companies pay special attention to investments in the digitalization of their production, as this contributes to the sustainable development of their business.

Exploration of Construction Paths for Virtual Simulation Training Bases under the Background of Digital Intelligence Economy

With the application of new-generation information technologies such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and 5G, the construction of business training bases has transformed from physical to virtual. This paper analyzes the current construction status of business training bases in higher vocational colleges, identifies major issues such as lack of top-level design, unclear positioning, incomplete operational mechanisms, insufficient teaching content, and weak teaching staff. It proposes construction paths including scientific and reasonable planning, overcoming teaching difficulties with hybrid training, combining education and training, and strengthening the teaching staff, providing valuable references for the construction of new business virtual simulation training bases in higher vocational colleges.

Dockerized Application with Web Interface

Developing an application can be a task if any kind of conflict arises during deploying the code or while running them and it can be due to the storage or the code being not supported by the other party’s system. Thus to provide a solution for this matter, we are introducing the project concept of Dockerized application deployment through a web interface. This proposed project combines the efficiency of Docker containers with a web interface to create a platform for running and managing applications easily. When a programmer or a developer or anyone in the field of programming has conflict in uploading, running or deploying their application code from another programmer’s system to their own due to the inefficiency or lack of facilities in their system, they can use this web interface as a solution. Especially during the time of any rush, they can opt for this web interface as it does not require the installation of a local Docker software and any extra dependency management, as installation of Dockers are a bit time lagging. One of the main factors of this project is that this web interface can be run in any kind of computer system without any extra facilities being added to it. Whether the system is less efficient or high efficient regardless of the type of the system, this web interface is easy to access for the users. Users can upload their application code, build Docker images, and run them directly from the web interface. With the advantage of Docker’s utility methodologies for shipping, testing and deploying code, you can reduce the delay between writing codes and running applications .It has additional features like users can define environment variables for their applications, configure network settings for container communication ,mount persistent volumes to store application data with help of virtual cloud, implement user roles and permissions for secure access control .The front end of the web page is created using NEXT Programming Language meanwhile the backend is applied using NEXT, Docker and Python Flask API. About NEXT Programming Language that in this language, when the front-end is applied the backend function gets directly deployed making us use less effort in creating the webpage. It's a newly created advanced programming language. Overall, this Dockerized application deployment web-interface offers a user-friendly and efficient solution for developers, system administrators, and DevOps teams, streamlining the application development and deployment process.

Leveraging Cloud-Native Architectures for Enhanced Data Wrangling Efficiency: A Security and Performance Perspective

In the contemporary landscape of big data analytics, cloud computing environments have emerged as pivotal platforms for data-wrangling processes, catering to the ingestion and transformation of vast datasets. This research paper explores optimization strategies for data wrangling within cloud computing environments, a critical component in the realm of big data analytics. It addresses the significant security and performance challenges encountered during data pipeline execution in cloud platforms. By proposing a novel strategy that includes executing data pipelines within a customer's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and employing pushdown optimization for data transformation tasks in cloud data warehouses and databases, this approach seeks to enhance security and performance. The paper examines the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of these strategies, conducting a comparative analysis with traditional data-wrangling methods to underscore the benefits of performance and security. Additionally, it assesses the implications of this approach on cost, scalability, and manageability within cloud architectures. The findings offer valuable insights and recommendations for deploying these optimization techniques in practical scenarios, setting the stage for future research in refining data-wrangling practices in cloud environments.

Three-dimensional metrology of microturning tool edge radii

The cutting edge radius is a significant parameter of a micromachining tool. When it is not sufficiently sharp, ploughing, which affects the whole machining process and workpiece quality, will occur. It is then essential to be able to estimate the value of the cutting edge radius accurately. In this paper, a three-dimensional strategy that can be used to measure the microturning tool edge radii is presented. The strategy is based on robust cylinder fitting that is applied to a 3D point cloud of the tool. It is implemented in C++ with Open Computer Vision and Point Cloud Library. It was validated using a virtual point cloud, resulting in errors of 0.42% and 1.11% without noise and with noise, respectively. Additionally, uncertainties of 0.045μm and 0.082μm were obtained. It was successfully applied to six microturning inserts: three unused tools and three used tools. The point clouds were obtained with two different 3D surface reconstruction techniques, focus variation with a photon microscope and a multi-view stereo with a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results were more coherent, i.e., they were less dispersed; for example, in non-used tools, the range was [3.11μm–3.90μm] and for the conventional circle fitting the range was [2.62μm–4.38μm]. The traditional method is indirect: the 3D point cloud is sliced into 2D point clouds (profiles) fitted with circles. This 3D-2D process might result in errors. The proposed method is a direct 3D approach with no slicing step.

The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey: Review of the methodology and protocol for the seventh version (RAAB7).

The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) is a population-based cross-sectional survey methodology used to collect data on the prevalence of vision impairment and its causes and eye care service indicators among the population 50 years and older. RAAB has been used for over 20 years with modifications to the protocol over time reflected in changing version numbers; this paper describes the latest version of the methodology-RAAB7. RAAB7 is a collaborative project between the International Centre for Eye Health and Peek Vision with guidance from a steering group of global eye health stakeholders. We have fully digitised RAAB, allowing for fast, accurate and secure data collection. A bespoke Android mobile application automatically synchronises data to a secure Amazon Web Services virtual private cloud when devices are online so users can monitor data collection in real-time. Vision is screened using Peek Vision's digital visual acuity test for mobile devices and uncorrected, corrected and pinhole visual acuity are collected. An optional module on Disability is available. We have rebuilt the RAAB data repository as the end point of RAAB7's digital data workflow, including a front-end website to access the past 20 years of RAAB surveys worldwide. This website ( https://www.raab.world) hosts open access RAAB data to support the advocacy and research efforts of the global eye health community. Active research sub-projects are finalising three new components in 2024-2025: 1) Near vision screening to address data gaps on near vision impairment and effective refractive error coverage; 2) an optional Health Economics module to assess the affordability of eye care services and productivity losses associated with vision impairment; 3) an optional Health Systems data collection module to support RAAB's primary aim to inform eye health service planning by supporting users to integrate eye care facility data with population data.

A randomized optimal k-mer indexing approach for efficient parallel genome sequence compression

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology generates massive amounts of genome sequence that increases rapidly over time. As a result, there is a growing need for efficient compression algorithms to facilitate the processing, storage, transmission, and analysis of large-scale genome sequences. Over the past 31 years, numerous state-of-the-art compression algorithms have been developed. The performance of any compression algorithm is measured by three main compression metrics: compression ratio, time, and memory usage. Existing k-mer hash indexing systems take more time, due to the decision-making process based on compression results. In this paper, we propose a two-phase reference genome compression algorithm using optimal k-mer length (RGCOK). Reference-based compression takes advantage of the inter-similarity between chromosomes of the same species. RGCOK achieves this by finding the optimal k-mer length for matching, using a randomization method and hashing. The performance of RGCOK was evaluated on three different benchmark data sets: novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Homo sapiens, and other species sequences using an Amazon AWS virtual cloud machine. Experiments showed that the optimal k-mer finding time by RGCOK is around 45.28 min, whereas the time for existing state-of-the-art algorithms HiRGC, SCCG, and HRCM ranges from 58 min to 8.97 h.

Atoms Dressed by Virtual and Real Photons

Specific properties of quantum field theory are described by considering the combination of the system under investigation and the cloud of virtual or real particles associated with the field. Such a structure is called a “dressed system”, in contrast with the bare one in the absence of the interaction with the field. The description of the properties of such clouds in various physical situations is, today, an active research area. Here, we present the main features associated with virtual and real dressings, focusing on photon dressing. In analogy to virtual photon clouds dressing electrons in vacuum, virtual phonon clouds appear in solid-state physics. The interaction between real photons and the schematized two-level structure of an atom paves the way to flexible quantum control. Here, a unifying Floquet engineering approach is applied to describe single- and multiple-dressed atom configurations. Connections with the past and present atomic physics experiments are presented.

The reactive power and voltage control management strategy based on virtual reactance cloud control

The reactive power and voltage control management strategy based on virtual reactance cloud control