Virtual Archives Research Articles

Analysis of medical malpractice news in newspapers: a retrospective review

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine which types of medical malpractice occurred and how they resulted by analyzing the medical malpractice news reflected in the newspapers in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on April 1-30, 2024. The virtual archives of seven national newspapers with the highest circulation (Sabah, Türkiye, Hürriyet, Sözcü, Akşam, Milliyet, Posta) were scanned using the keywords “nurse”, “doctor”, “health”, “nurse errors”, “doctor errors”, “medical error”, “wrong medicine”, “wrong surgery”, “wrong diagnosis”, “wrong treatment”, “wrong blood” and “wrong patient”. The population of the study consisted of 144 news articles. Results: It was observed that most of the news about medical malpractice in newspapers were in 2017 and 2021, and 74.3% of them were performed by doctors. It was determined that the most common medical malpractice was surgical errors, followed by medication errors, death occurred in 38.2% of the cases as a result of malpractice, followed by disability/organ loss, and in the majority of cases, criminal complaints were filed as a result of malpractice. Conclusion: The study revealed that medical malpractice errors reported in the news were mostly committed by physicians and surgical errors, and death and disability occurred as a result of medical malpractice. Further studies examining the factors affecting the occurrence of medical malpractice that may lead to death are recommended.

The use of Internet resources in historical research

Computer technology has long been an integral part of our lives. The information resource of mankind is constantly growing, being updated and replenished, and benefits professionals of any specialization. Currently, the Internet has turned into a vast information space, into an immeasurable repository. In this repository, information of various kinds (scientific, business, educational, text, audio and video information) is publicly available and is constantly being enriched, there are virtual archives, libraries, and news feeds. The worldwide information network has connected not only individual researchers, but also numerous scientific organizations around the world. The object of the research is the analysis of Internet resources and the application of their potential in the field of historical knowledge. The subject of the research is the analysis of the Internet as a modern information environment of historical science, the use of Internet capabilities in historical research, as well as in historical education. The following methods were used in writing the work: historicism, historical-comparative, historical-genetic. This made it possible to discover potential Internet resources in the field of historical research. When writing the work, the author conducted a study, during which more than 300 sites and Web pages on the history of Russia and world history, located on various servers, were analyzed. The author gave a description of the main groups of sources represented on the Internet, and proposed his own classification of professional resources. He also focused on the characteristics of resources created by Academic organizations, the search for special articles and books, historical multimedia resources, collections of encyclopedias and dictionaries, anthologies, the use of blogs and forums, as well as file-sharing networks to search for historical information. Internet bibliographic resources, electronic catalogs, and meta-search bibliographic systems are also highlighted. Special attention is paid to the methods of more effective search for historical information, a new search concept is proposed.

Framework for the Assessment of Virtual Archival Systems and Provision of Virtual Archival Services for Environmental Sustainability in South Africa

Archival records/resources in electronic and those that only existed in physical formats have been made available to a larger audience and received much more usage as a result of digitization and remote accessibility. Virtual archives can help to reduce the environmental impact of traditional archival practices by storing and sharing information digitally rather than physically. The aim of this paper is to assess and develop a framework for the delivery of a virtual archive system tailored to the needs of both users and archival institutions for the promotion of environmental sustainability especially in developing countries. The qualitative research explained user expectations and perspectives on the provision of a newly established electronic archival system for the provision of virtual archive services at an archival institution in the City of Cape Town. This paper anchored on the Expectation Confirmation Theory proposed the Virtual archival systems expectations and satisfaction (VASES) framework to identify electronic archival system users’ expectations, measure perceived performance of electronic archival systems, and assess confirmation and satisfaction.

Литературное наследие XIX–XX веков: классификация растровых изображений для интеллектуального анализа и тематического моделирования корпуса рукописных текстов

The article examines the current trends in working with digital forms of handwritten heritage on the history of Russian literature of the second half of the 19 — mid-20 century. The process of forming virtual archives is analyzed as a gradual accumulation of the “big date” of scientific research — an unrecognized information array of raster documents containing tens of thousands of digital forms of archival documents. New approaches to classifying raster images of handwritten documents for use in intelligent analysis systems, experimental methods of visualization of archival documents, as well as previously unused capabilities of the search engine are proposed. Much attention is paid to the architectonics of the manuscript: the transition from graphic elements of a raster image to semantic ones, which allows the use of data mining elements for an unrecognized data array.

Pameran Arsip Virtual pada Lembaga Kearsipan sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Penjangkauan Kearsipan: Studi Kasus di Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia

This research discusses the holding of virtual archives exhibitions as an effort to increase archival outreach at the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI) as an archival institution and relevant to ANRI's function in managing archives (historical value archives). The purpose of this study is to describe the holding of a virtual archives exhibition by ANRI as an effort to increase archival outreach by ANRI. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, data collection is carried out by making observations, interviews, and document analysis. Data gathering of this study was conducted from February 2021 to May 2022. The results of this study show that the holding of a virtual archive exhibition at ANRI as an innovation in archives management supported by policies in regulating the stages of organizing, managing exhibition resources, collaboration and sustainability of virtual archive exhibitions will support efforts to increase archival outreach. The virtual archives exhibition is held in accordance with ANRI's vision and mission in managing archives as a collective memory and national identity by utilizing social media platforms websites, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook. With the use of social media in organizing a virtual archive exhibition by ANRI, it can reach a wider range of archives users.

«Большие данные» цифрового архива: диалог с растровой рукописью

The article reflects the current trends in working with the digital heritage of Russian literature, examines the process of forming virtual archives as a gradual accumulation of the “big data” of scientific research, i. e. unrecognized information array of raster documents containing tens of thousands of images. The research analyzes the specifics of scientific work in the field of ego-documentary heritage that arose at the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries (a corpus of diary entries, workbooks, notebooks, correspondence), the principles of publication and modern standards of digitization of archival heritage. The study and practicing of the three most promising virtual resources on the history of Russian literature of the mid-19th – first half of the 20th centuries allows to formulate specific tasks and methods of visualization of a large corpus of raster images of archival documents, as well as previously untapped possibilities of search engine automation. Much attention is paid to the transition from the graphical elements of the raster image of the manuscript to semantic ones, which allow the use of data mining elements for an unrecognized data array.

Photometric recorder of the carotid artery pulse wave with a system for stabilizing the clamping force

Preventive monitoring, which increases the possibility of diagnosing and curing a disease at an early stage, is interesting and relevant in medical diagnostics. Recently, both minimally invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques have become widespread. They include the areas of cardiographic, encephalographic and myographic analyzers designed to study the state of the heart, the brain and striated muscles. The study of the functioning of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out using gastro-enterography methods. To obtain an integral assessment of the effectiveness of the circulatory system, the plethysmography method can be successfully applied, which allows modeling vascular tone and blood flow using models of hydrodynamics and the theory of elasticity. The present article analyzes the range of static (or dynamic) informative hemo-parameters that allow diagnosing at the initial stage arterial hypertension, aortic insufficiency or stenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and some other diseases. The photometric reflex absorption in the infrared range, followed by an assessment of blood flow in the aortas and arteries with recording of the shape of pulse waves were used as methods in our research work. The result of the work is a method and a system of computer control of the rod current acting on biological tissues (using the Bluetooth protocol, LabView environment, virtual digital filters and biomedical data archives) that allows non-invasively recording of the parameters of the carotid artery pulse wave.

Introducing “Virtual Archives”

With this issue, Novel launches a new section titled “Virtual Archives.” Here we will publish short essays that update and explain the new or continued relevance of critical-theoretical works of scholarship essential to novel studies.Our first example takes the occasion of a recently published volume as an opportunity to capture the enduring value of Raymond Williams's writing for novel critics. The appearance of a new critical book is but one of the prompts we can imagine for a contributor to revisit the foundations of novel studies. We anticipate that our readers will not want for good reasons to delve into the archive and to explain how key texts in the study of the novel are important today.For this first iteration of “Virtual Archives,” Jonathan Arac joins Holly Yanacek, coeditor of the recently published Keywords for Today: A Twenty-First Century Vocabulary. This book collects roughly thousand-word-long unsigned entries, each of which develops a keyword. With this structure, the volume updates and revises Williams's Keywords while retaining its format. Given the impetus of this new publication, Arac and Yanacek's treatment of Williams necessarily dwells upon his Keywords but also ranges widely through his entire oeuvre, discovering along the way fresh inspiration for novel critics to read and reread this vital work. In their essay's second half, the authors provide a sustained demonstration of how attention to keywords can abet novel study. Here too is but one of the approaches others might take to show the relevance of classic novel scholarship.

Poder arcóntico y archivería virtual en el campo científico-académico. Una aproximación a prácticas en evolución y perfiles contrahegemónicos

La comunicación científica entre pares no sólo ha ido evolucionando, sino que se ha transformado en un componente propulsor de los cambios de paradigma en cuanto a la práctica e institucionalidad de las ciencias. Movidas por la importancia del registro y la conservación de sus textos, las ciencias se fueron dotando de un orden archivístico propio donde ciertos agentes se tornaron los arcontes del campo y la publicación científica se fue convirtiendo en un mercado cada vez más concentrado. Si bien la revolución digital y las posibilidades inauguradas por las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación fortalecieron estos modelos, se inauguraron al mismo tiempo nuevas prácticas de publicación y archivo que pueden considerarse como contrarias al modelo comercial hegemónico. En este trabajo nos proponemos dar cuenta de la evolución de las prácticas de archivería científica a fin de identificar algunas de las características que suponen el ejercicio de distintas modalidades de poder arcóntico hegemónico en el campo de producción y circulación del conocimiento científico-académico. A partir de allí, reflexionamos acerca de la naturaleza y potencialidades de la archivería virtual, las diversas modalidades de acceso abierto y el surgimiento de prácticas con ciertos rasgos contrahegemónicos, capaces de introducir alteraciones, ruptura de modelos dominantes, desorden, e incluso la posibilidad de un nuevo orden de archivo de acceso al conocimiento y de poder de acción de los arcontes.

Protocol for the development of a repository of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials conducted in adult care homes (the Virtual International Care Homes Trials Archive (VICHTA))

BackgroundApproximately 418,000 people live in care homes in the UK, yet accessible, robust data on care home populations and organisation are lacking. This hampers our ability to plan, allocate resources or prevent risk. Large randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in care homes offer a potential solution. The value of detailed data on residents’ demographics, outcomes and contextual information captured in RCTs has yet to be fully realised. Irrespective of the intervention tested, much of the trial data collected overlaps in terms of structured assessments and descriptive information. Given the time and costs required to prospectively collect data in these populations, pooling anonymised RCT data into a structured repository offers benefit; secondary analyses of pooled RCT data can improve understanding of this under-researched population and enhance the future trial design. This protocol describes the creation of a project-specific repository of individual participant data (IPD) from trials conducted in care homes and subsequent expansion into a legacy dataset for wider use, to address the need for accurate, high-quality IPD on this vulnerable population.MethodsInformed by scoping of relevant literature, the principal investigators of RCTs conducted in adult care homes in the UK since 2010 will be invited to contribute trial IPD. Contributing trialists will form a Steering Committee who will oversee data sharing and remain gatekeepers of their own trial’s data. IPD will be cleaned and standardised in consultation with the Steering Committee for accuracy. Planned analyses include a comparison of pooled IPD with point estimates from administrative sources, to assess generalisability of RCT data to the wider care home population. We will also identify key resident characteristics and outcomes from within the trial repository, which will inform the development of a national minimum dataset for care homes. Following project completion, management will migrate to the Virtual Trials Archives, forming a legacy dataset which will be expanded to include international RCTs, and will be accessible to the wider research community for analyses.DiscussionAnalysis of pooled IPD has the potential to inform and direct future practice, research and policy at low cost, enhancing the value of existing data and reducing research waste. We aim to create a permanent archive for care home trial data and welcome the contribution of emerging trial datasets.

Out of the Closet and into the Classroom: Reassessing the Boundaries of Gender and Sexual Minorities in Comparative and International Education

Out of the Closet and into the Classroom: Reassessing the Boundaries of Gender and Sexual Minorities in Comparative and International Education

Features of documents functioning in infocommunications

The article deals with static, dynamic and virtual websites in the information networks. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the resources are analyzed and the features of their work are demonstrated. In particular, static websites are news magazines, library sites, archives, social networks, dating sites, entertainment sites, search engines, etc; dynamic enables visitors to quickly and easily find the data they need on a large amount of information; organize and navigate your site content in a convenient way. Examples of such applications are the internal networks of companies — Microsoft MSDN and Amazon.com; a virtual site is created to operate virtual documents that exist only during the process. A virtual document is a representation of the data of a static document for which there is no source file. Such resources include, for example, virtual museums, the OpenERP electronic workflow system, virtual AТЕ The Smart Namber, SD-app The Virtual Valley of Geysers interactive, and virtual currency. Static, dynamic and virtual documents that operate in these resources are considered. It is emphasized that the increase in network traffic contributes to the improvement of the software and the growth of the number of dynamic and virtual archives.

Archives and the Spirit of American Literary History

American literature has been busy in the archives lately. There are new discoveries, like Austin Reed’s The Life and Adventures of a Haunted Convict (1858), the earliest known African American prison memoir, Walt Whitman’s “Manly Health and Training” series, and the many collections at WikiLeaks. There are texts that were known to have existed but have only recently been unveiled or found, from the FBI’s surveillance records for US writers to the first book of Frances Ellen Watkins (Harper)’s poetry, Forest Leaves. These documents have been unearthed by means old and new, but many have come to light as a result of the past decade’s surge of digital scanning, encoding, and cataloging. Many more will also arrive soon, heralding revisions in canons, new understandings of genres, and emerging, competing narratives of US literary history. The essays in this special issue of American Literary History attest to the vibrancy, breadth, and diversity of experiences of archive studies. Here are counterarchives, hidden archives, virtual archives, insurgent archives. American literary history has always depended upon archives, but the definition of the archive is changing in front of our eyes. Literary historians everywhere have been thinking about archives as a concept and a force, and they have also been, like other users of the World Wide Web, energetically building them. Indeed, this activity has been one of the strongest sources of a sense of renewed spirit in the practice of literary history, of generating community both around archives and through their creation.

Low cost system for visualization and exhibition of pottery finds in archeological museums

The objective of this project is to build a low-cost system for surveying, modeling, prototyping and interactive visualizing aimed at the enhancement of islamic pottery finds of X – XI centuries. The system will allow various applications: the creation of systems for displaying artifacts from the museum alongside the exhibition, the virtual view of restorations from fragments, including AR and VR, the physical reconstruction of the original form using 3D printer to show the pieces in their entirety, as well as the construction of interactive virtual archives to be made available to scholars and visitors.

Crowdsourcing Television’s Past: The State of Knowledge in Digital Archives

The proliferation of digital technologies has changed the way we perceive of and use audiovisual archives and their holdings. The emergence of virtual archives and online portals is changing the relation between the keepers and users of audiovisual heritage, challenging the role of the archivist as principal expert on the knowledge the collection represents. In this article I investigate the implications of these developments for the status of the (audiovisual) archive as a gatekeeper of knowledge. Author discusses a recent experiment with social tag-ging, the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision’s video labeling game WAISDA?, and asks to what extent experiments like this destabilize the existing archival platforms for validating and describing audiovisual heritage. She argues that, even though these new forms of access introduce a new type of ‘participatory knowledge’, in fact digitization only exposes the archives’ inherently dynamic, performative nature.

Physical and Digital Environments : Engaging Fashion Design Students in Archival Research

With the rapid development of digital technologies potential exists to expand upon the accessibility of fashion archives and increase their use as a pedagogical tool for research. At present this is compromised due the three-dimensional, tactile nature of the objects being viewed and the fact that they are not necessarily replicable in a digital format. The aim of this paper is to examine art and design students physical object research skills and discuss how they are positioned in relation to creative tools and strategies they use to produce outcomes such as they own collections and design responses. Findings and conclusions are drawn from projects concerned with the development and use of physical and virtual archives and inform the methodology used. Traditional methods and tools within higher education are discussed together with students increased use of digital resources and innovative ways to engage students. The academic challenge of supporting student engagement in archival research across digital and physical dimensions is explored. The papers findings indicate a need for further research considering the impact of digital technology on students’ physical integration with archives and the need for more structured support surrounding student physical and digital research investigations.

Postthrombolysis Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients of Asian Race-Ethnicity

Race-ethnic differences may influence postthrombolysis outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients. Guidelines for thrombolytic therapy to treat Asian stroke patients are based mostly on extrapolated western data. We undertook to examine outcomes among Asians by comparing a propensity-matched cohort of thrombolyzed patients from a tertiary center in Singapore with nonthrombolyzed Asian comparators collated from Virtual International Stroke Trials Archives (control). We identified propensity scores-matched patients between thrombolyzed and control Asian patients lodged in the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archives by employing propensity scores method. We compared matched patients for their distributions of three-month functional (modified Rankin scores) and neurological outcomes (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) by employing Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and proportional odds logistic regression analysis. We report odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for improved outcomes on day 90. Virtual International Stroke Trials Archives and National University Hospital, Singapore, contributed 517 and 133 patients of Asian race-ethnicity (n = 650), respectively. After propensity matching, sample size reduced to 237 patients; 104 were from Virtual International Stroke Trials Archives. Age (59.7 vs. 61.5 years, P = 0.2) and mean baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores were similar (14) between thrombolyzed and control. The odds ratio for shift toward improved modified Rankin scores and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale distributions after tissue plasminogen activator therapy were 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.8-4.5, P < 0.0001, n = 233; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel P < 0.0001) and 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.7-4.7, P = 0.0008, n = 201; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel P = 0.0001). Our data indicate that Asian patients derive benefit from thrombolytic therapy.

The advantages of virtual microscopy for teaching histology

The use of high resolution scanned digital images, which can be stored in virtual archives on local or distant servers, has resulted in novel approaches in e-learning (both in the classroom and also for distance learning) [1]. This is leading to major changes in the way practical histology and histopathology classes are taught. After an initial investment in the scanning stage microscope and associated software and servers, the financial and administrative advantages allow enormous economic savings in the long-term with regard to equipment, technical staff and laboratory facilities. There is no longer a need for individual student microscopes, for technical staff for microscope maintenance or repair or worries about the loss of valuable specimens. There is no longer a need for individual slide sets or to prepare new slides. It is a win-win situation that medical school administrators, teachers and students appreciate and which has led to widespread adoption of virtual microscopy systems in the life sciences. Students today, are all highly computer competent, and greatly appreciate the advantages of the virtual microscopy systems. If the virtual histology archive is web-based (and not just on a local server) then students can access the laboratory material at any time, day or night, prepare assignments and prepare for examinations. The virtual microscopy systems are ideal for computerized examinations of histology and histopathology material. The lecture will deal with the various hardware options (light microscope scanning stage systems), commercial software for e-learning, problems of copyright, and also the establishment of national repositories for virtual image archives. A description will be presented of the experience of introducing a virtual microscopy system in the Faculty of Medicine in Haifa, where some 450 of the most outstanding histology slides have been scanned and placed on the virtual microscopy archive and made available for students. In addition to e-learning, establishment of a virtual microscopy system allows telepathology, storage of histopathology archives especially in hospital environments including tissue array images, automated diagnostics of specific diseases, and quantitative image analysis. It is likely that in the coming decade all medical and nursing teaching units will move to virtual microscopy. This is an inevitable process and it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages before taking decisions on the specific system to be adopted.

Depozyty cyfrowe z prywatnych kolekcji jako sposób wzbogacania zasobów bibliotek cyfrowych i ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego

Teza/cel artykułu – Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na potrzebę włączania do kolekcji bibliotek cyfrowych zdigitalizowanych prywatnych zbiorów bibliofilskich oraz ocena udziału tego rodzaju materiałów w zasobach polskich bibliotek cyfrowych. Metody badań – Na podstawie przeglądu materiałów informacyjnych opublikowanych na stronach internetowych bibliotek cyfrowych, Narodowego Archiwum Cyfrowego, Narodowego Instytutu Audiowizualnego oraz miejskich portali informacyjnych, prasy lokalnej publikowanej w Internecie itp. podjęto próbę oceny stopnia zainteresowania digitalizacją prywatnych kolekcji bibliofilskich wśród twórców bibliotek cyfrowych. Udział cyfrowych depozytów prywatnych kolekcji bibliofilskich w polskich bibliotekach cyfrowych zanalizowano na podstawie wyników badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w lutym 2012 r. wśród bibliotek zrzeszonych w Federacji Bibliotek Cyfrowych. Badania obejmowały ocenę liczby zasobów cyfrowych pozyskanych ze zbiorów prywatnych, rodzaju zasobów uzyskanych z tego źródła oraz zasad współpracy z prywatnymi właścicielami. Wyniki – Stwierdzono, że obiekty znajdujące się w większości bibliotek cyfrowych to w przeważającej mierze zabytkowe i współczesne materiały biblioteczne, natomiast zbiory prywatne praktycznie wykluczone są z listy źródeł, z których pozyskiwane są zasoby cyfrowe. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza uczelnianych bibliotek cyfrowych funkcjonujących w oparciu o biblioteki tradycyjne czy cyfrowych repozytoriów związanych z różnymi instytucjami. Zbiory prywatne stanowią bardzo znikomą część opublikowanych w tych bibliotekach materiałów. Największą ilość zbiorów prywatnych zeskanowała dotąd Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa – ok. 3 tys. publikacji (2% wszystkich zbiorów). Inaczej wygląda sytuacja w bibliotekach cyfrowych ukierunkowanych na specyficzne księgozbiory, gromadzących regionalia, materiały dotyczące określonej dziedziny wiedzy, grupy kulturowej, instytucji, osoby, itd., takich jak np.: Biblioteka Multimedialna Ośrodka „Brama Grodzka” – Teatr NN, Wirtualne Archiwum Polskich Ormian czy Ziemiańska Biblioteka Cyfrowa zawierająca głównie elektroniczne reprodukcje czasopisma Wiadomości Ziemiańskie, której 100% zasobów (ok. 2 tys. skanów) pochodzi z prywatnych kolekcji. Dla tych bibliotek kolekcje bibliofilskie są bardzo istotnym źródłem pozyskiwania zbiorów, dlatego czynią one starania o ich pozyskanie. Wnioski – Nie ma w polskich bibliotekach cyfrowych zwyczaju tworzenia depozytów cyfrowych bez równoczesnego gromadzenia oryginałów. Tymczasem pozyskiwanie kolekcji bibliofilskich to znakomity sposób zarówno wzbogacania bibliotek cyfrowych o niezwykle cenne, nierzadko unikatowe druki, jak również zabezpieczania dzieł stanowiących dziedzictwo kulturowe.

Modular Design, Lateral Project Development, and the Sharing of Work: Lessons from the Edward Winslow Family Papers and the Atlantic Canada Virtual Archives

This paper draws on the experience of the University of New Brunswick (UNB) Electronic Text Centre (ETC) digitizing the papers of prominent New Brunswick Loyalist Edward Winslow to address issues relating to the development of laterally developed projects. It defines laterally developed projects as those that reconstitute previously existing project architecture to new ends. It argues that there are many reasons to develop projects laterally. First, it can be financially prudent to develop projects laterally; given the difficulties in securing grant money for projects, lateral development can assist digital humanists in building new and more robust projects on the shoulders of previously competed work. Second, lateral project development can facilitate greater production in the digital humanities, as laterally developed projects need not be undertaken by the researcher or institution that developed the original. Indeed, once the core elements of a project have been published online any other researcher can build upon this previously completed work. However, this presents a bit of a problem, as to fully realize the potential of lateral project development we will have to do away with a proprietary mindset with regard to our digital projects and be willing to share already completed project elements and modules with other researchers