Virtual Alliances Research Articles

Real-time multi-factory scheduling in Industry 4.0 with virtual alliances

The ever-changing and dynamic market environment requires applying job shop systems based on real-time data. The establishment of physical-virtual systems in the production process has led to the emergence of intelligent factories. Compared with those employing traditional production methods, such factories manufacture products with higher quality, higher production speed, and other economic benefits. Regarding the virtual connections of factories, events such as the arrival of new jobs, and machine breakdowns, are identified by Radio Frequency Identification System between different production units, and related decisions are made quickly and carefully. In this intelligent job shop scheduling, it is assumed that independent factories create virtual production networks in which, each factory focuses on its own interests. Regarding the importance of this issue in today’s industry, this research explores the real-time scheduling problem in multi-agent production networks distributed in smart factories. Since this problem is a combination of static scheduling and real-time scheduling, a bi-objective model of mixed-integer linear programming is first developed. An approach is then proposed to solve the dynamic real-time scheduling problem. In addition, a learning-based memetic algorithm for solving large-size bi-objective instances is proposed due to the NP-hardness of the considered problem. Afterward, the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the hybrid Pareto-based tabu search algorithm. The computational results show that in large-size instances, the proposed algorithm outperforms the competing algorithm.

Analysis of strategic interactions among distributed virtual alliances in electricity and carbon emission auction markets using risk-averse multi-agent reinforcement learning

The incorporation of carbon emission auction market (CEAM) and ancillary service market (ASM) is an emerging trading paradigm in active distribution network (ADN). Such regime not only promotes the elimination of carbon emission, but also facilitates the secure operation of power network, especially considering the participation of distributed virtual alliances (DVAs) consisting of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) with uncertain output. In this research, a bi-level bidding and market clearing dynamic programming model is developed for in-depth analysis of market participants’ bidding strategies and market equilibrium. This model allows DVAs to modify their bidding strategies in the energy market (EM), ASM and CEAM based on the market clearing results and uncertainty of RDG output. Also, a new Meta-Learning based Win-or-Learn-Fast (MLWoLF-PHC) algorithm, which not only enables the fully distributed bidding strategy modification, but also performs well considering uncertainty as a risk-averse method, is proposed to solve this model. Its computational performance, the market equilibrium analysis, and the impact of CEAM on the converged market clearing price of EM and ASM would be thoroughly investigated and examined in the case studies.

An exploratory study on digital learning innovations (MOOCS): The future of higher education

The COVID -19 pandemic has transformed many aspects of life and one of the hard hit sector is Education. The situation has forced us to build virtual alliances and e-learning system which never happened before to fill the formal learning void. Many colleges and universities are relying on tailor-made and existing online courses from other institutions to ensure academic continuity for students. In this reference, this paper tends to explore the changing trends in Higher Education due to the massification of online courses called Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in India. Also the study highlights the comparison between students remote learning and online learning from parents perspective. For this purpose data is collected via both open and closed ended questionnaire and is statistically analysed. The findings reveals that MOOCs and online education have certainly breached the presential learning regulations and acts as a catalyst for higher education reform by offering an array of opportunities and competencies at a relatively low cost. However, they are nowhere close to replacing face to face instructor led learning. The study recommends that online education can be seen as a step in the right direction towards democratizing education but cannot be a cure for all the global education problems or a replacement for campus-based learning. The insights from this study can be helpful in developing a blended system of learning which brings in positive energy and supports teachers, students and professionals learning towards sustainable development.

Optimal Bi-Level Bidding and Dispatching Strategy Between Active Distribution Network and Virtual Alliances Using Distributed Robust Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

The deregulated active distribution network (ADN) would incorporate numerous autonomous stakeholders, including some emerging distributed virtual alliances (DVAs) like virtual microgrids and virtual power plants. Those DVAs would autonomously participate in energy market trading through bidding among themselves and dispatching conducted by the ADN. In this paper, the optimal bidding and dispatching model for DVAs and ADN in the day-ahead market is first developed as a stochastic dynamic programming model with the risk of misconduct considered, and then re-formulated as a Markov Decision Process to be solved by a new Distributed Robust Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm based on the concept of robust Nash equilibrium (RNE). This algorithm is a fully distributed online optimization that would converge to RNE. It is an effective risk-averse method to obtain the optimal bidding strategies of DVAs and the optimal dispatching decisions of distribution system operator (DSO). Its high computational performance is demonstrated in the case studies, and the strategic decisions of DVAs and DSO are thoroughly analyzed.

Competitive planning of partnership supply networks focusing on sustainable multi-agent transportation and virtual alliance: A matheuristic approach

The partnership supply of market needs is one of the most regarded orientations in recent years. In this paper, a competitive model is designed in partnership supply networks including parent firms (brands), manufacturing plants, governmental logistics company and franchised stores. In the raised scheme, the involved supply networks seek to develop their upstream and downstream partnerships (respectively with manufacturing plants and franchised stores) in a competitive environment. Besides this cross-network competition, the downstream partners of each network develop some virtual alliances. In such alliances, each of the involved members, further pursuing its own interests, aims to increase the overall share of the parent brand. Even more striking, a multi-agent transportation platform is implemented in the distribution of products to meet the environmental sustainability requirements. The state-owned logistics company, as the market leader of the cited distributed structure, dictates its strategy to the supply networks seeking to gain the most possible partnership interactions. Hence, in this paper, a multi-level competition-oriented problem is considered in the partnership supply networks and formulated upon multiple hierarchical stages. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem and given its structural features, a matheuristic approach based on a combination of the Benders Decomposition method and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is developed. The proposed solving approach is compared against a gaming-based heuristic and also a pure Benders Decomposition. The results of the evaluations indicate the superiority of the suggested hybrid approach, especially in large-scale instances.

Benders decomposition-based particle swarm optimization for competitive supply networks with a sustainable multi-agent platform and virtual alliances

The involvement of competition in supply networks has changed the existing monopoly platform in different fields. This paper examines a multi-level decision-making framework within a triple-stage strategic approach in competitive supply networks. The various levels of these supply networks consist of parent firms (parent brands), manufacturing plants, state-owned logistics company and franchised sales centers. The parent brands, while following the strategies of the state logistics company (as the leader of the game), seek to further expand their market share in the production, supply and sales sectors. The main contributions of the proposed approach are: the existence of partnership and non-partnership synergies in different stages of planning, the emergence and development of supply networks based on downstream alliances, the design of a multi-agent distribution mechanism based on environmental sustainability requirements, and the simultaneous development of cooperation and competition in terms of virtual alliances. Further, given the features of the issue under discussion, a hybrid Benders Decomposition-Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is utilized. The designed structure of the algorithm helps to facilitate high-dimensional problem-solving while also addressing the interactive requirements of competitive games. The results of comparing the proposed solution approach with a game-theoretical heuristic, pure Benders decomposition and bi-level sub-population genetic algorithm prove its better performance, especially in large-size instances.

A partner selection approach for strategic alliance in the global aerospace and defense industry

Finding a mutually beneficial alliance partner is a critical success factor for various companies. This paper aims to propose an effective method based on grey theory and data envelopment analysis (DEA), which efficiently predicts future business and measures operational performance by using critical input and output variables. Decision-making units (DMUs) can find the most appropriate candidates. This research was implemented with public data from four consecutive financial years (2012–2015) of the world's 35 largest aerospace and defense companies. The study forms a total of 69 virtual alliances for target Airbus Group SE (DMU2) and 627 virtual alliances for all inefficient DMUs. The empirical results showed that the alliances between DMU2+DMU1 and DMU27 + DMU6 are the two most feasible partnerships. DMU3, DMU6, and DMU13 are considered to be the best partners for inefficient DMUs. DMU6 was recommended 12 times (63%), DMU3 was recommended four times (21%), and DMU13 was recommended three times (16%). The study will be a key recommendation for strategic planners of the aerospace and defense industry as well as other manufacturing industries.

Analysis of Virtual positions Management development Supporting Technology for initial Results of the Semester of Code

<p>This paper clarifies the Virtual Alliances for Learning Society (VALS) Project technological method to deal with bolster a virtual positions management development. Likewise, this paper demonstrates the first results of the viable piece of the venture, the Semester of Code, clarifying the recognized issues, the issues, the difficulties and a few activities to enhance the advancement of this sort of virtual positions programs. With a specific end goal to enable the readers to better understand the approach and its outcomes, the composition likewise portrays three of the principle virtual positions programs far and wide, in regards to both their association and innovative approach.</p>

Virtual Placements Management Process Supported by Technology: Proposal and First Results of the Semester of Code

This paper explains the Virtual Alliances for Learning Society European Project technological approach to support a virtual placements management process. Also, this paper shows the first results of the practical part of the project, the Semester of Code, explaining the detected problems, the issues, the challenges, and some actions to improve the development of these kinds of virtual placements programs. In order to allow the readers to better comprehend the approach and its results, this paper also describes three of the main virtual placements programs around the world, regarding both their organization and technological approach.

Together We E-Export

This study examined the horizontal collaboration of small and medium companies (SMEs) in export food supply chains facilitated by the use of electronic business tools. A multi-case study of three best-practice Austrian food SMEs examined the practices of horizontal collaboration in global supply chain management. Then, a survey of Austrian food SMEs assessed the horizontal collaboration facilitators and inhibitors. Findings demonstrate that e-business tools foster the creation of virtual alliances and help SMEs to increase export sales to new and/or niche foreign markets. SMEs have limited resources to overcome obstacles like cost restrictions to use advanced yet expensive e-business tools, managing food safety risks in global supply chains, and meet legal requirements of international trade.

Model for Alliance Partners Selection Based on the Grey Model and DEA Application-Case by Vietnamese Bank Industry

Facing the operational inefficiency situation during a long time, the sharply blooming of small domestically banks and the banking bad debt situation increase year by year, all elements have reduced their competiveness. Therefore, how enhancing their competitiveness? This study based on the Grey forecasting modeling (GM) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as foundation proposes an effective approach for helping manager find out the best partner when formed alliance. Realistic data of 21 banks were collected from the Vietnam stock exchange, the state bank of Vietnam and their official website, the empirical study indicates that there are 6 the best combinations in the total of 210 virtual alliances. These results are good sound for helping organization to select the best candidates when implementing alliance. This issue can be extended and applied in many fields by considering lots of different factors in the future.

Boundary spanning tactics and “traceable” connections in cross-organizational virtual alliances

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate boundary spanning tactics in a cross-organizational virtual alliance and discuss the analytical value of “digging” into technology for excavating boundaries and understanding their dynamic and emergent features. Design/methodology/approach – Although boundaries, their role and implications have been extensively investigated across a variety of online settings, the results are inconclusive as to the features of technology that create, dissolve or re-locate boundaries. This is attributed to the fact that in most cases technology is addressed as a black box – a discrete artefact of practice – without seeking justification for the inscribed functions that enable or constrain use. The paper overcomes these shortcomings by analysing digital trace data compiled through a virtual ethnographic assessment of a cross-organizational tourism alliance. Data comprise electronic traces of online collaboration whose interpretive capacity is augmented using knowledge visualization techniques capable of revealing dynamic and emergent features of boundary spanning. Findings – Boundary spanning in virtual settings entails micro-negotiations around several types of boundaries. Some of them are either enforced by or inscribed into technology, while others are enacted in practice. Knowledge visualization of digital trace data allows “excavation” of these boundaries, assessment of their implications on distributed organizing of online ensembles and discovery of “hidden” knowledge that drives boundary spanning tactics of collaborators. Practical implications – In cross-organizational collaborative settings, boundary spanning represents an enacted capability stemming from the intertwining between material and social/collective agencies. Consequently, boundaries surface as first class design constructs, directing design attention not only to features inscribed in technology (i.e. user profiles, registration mechanisms, moderation policies) but also the way such features are appropriated to re-shape, re-locate or dissolve boundaries. Originality/value – An empirical data pool compiled through virtual ethnographic assessment of online collaboration is revisited and augmented with knowledge visualization techniques that enhance the interpretive capacity of the data and reveal “hidden” aspects of the collaborators’ boundary spanning behaviour and tactics.

Importance of Knowledge Management in Recent Business

Knowledge management is a process of creating value from the intangible assets of the company including knowledge of the employees, business processes, products, customer and supplier information systems, and other. Knowledge processes supported by knowledge infrastructures improve individual and team creativity and facilitate innovation. Like other management strategies, knowledge management initiatives are expected to make the most of the intellectual capital, enable innovation and competitiveness necessary to survive on the market, satisfy customers, and hence, create profit. There are three key aspects relevant to knowledge management strategy: people including external human factors, processes and technology. In modern just-in-time businesses, enterprise efforts are directed towards precise estimation of customer requirements and preferences. New technologies including high-speed networks, mobile telecommunications, video-conferencing, virtual reality software alter the way the organizations do their business and communicate with their customers, suppliers, and partners and also dislocated employees. They enable binding of enterprises into virtual organizations, associations or alliances with the aim to exchange information, knowledge and experience, and to respond agilely to customer requirements. All businesses have access to an extensive pool of knowledge - whether this is their understanding of customers' needs and the business environment or the skills and experience of staff. The way a business gathers shares and exploits this knowledge can be central to its ability to develop successfully. This doesn't just apply to huge multinational companies. Knowledge management can benefit everyone from a local newsagent to a manufacturing firm. This explains the basic sources of knowledge available to your business, how one can best harness and exploit this information and how to create a knowledge strategy for the business.

Trust and conflict within virtual inter-organizational alliances: a framework for facilitating knowledge sharing

Trust and conflict are inherent issues of any organizational arrangement and central for knowledge sharing; yet they have received limited attention in the literature. In this paper, we undertake an investigation of both phenomena within the context of virtual alliances. A generic framework for understanding the dynamics of trust and conflict within the context of virtual inter-organizational arrangements is presented, followed by an examination of three distinct structural forms of virtual alliances, and strategies for generating trust and minimizing dysfunctional conflict. The paper concludes with an identification of avenues for further research.

Trust and conflict within virtual inter-organizational alliances: a framework for facilitating knowledge sharing

Trust and conflict are inherent issues of any organizational arrangement and central for knowledge sharing; yet they have received limited attention in the literature. In this paper, we undertake an investigation of both phenomena within the context of virtual alliances. A generic framework for understanding the dynamics of trust and conflict within the context of virtual inter-organizational arrangements is presented, followed by an examination of three distinct structural forms of virtual alliances, and strategies for generating trust and minimizing dysfunctional conflict. The paper concludes with an identification of avenues for further research.

E-Alliance: a Negotiation Infrastructure for Virtual Alliances

In this paper we provide an overview of E-Alliance, a software infrastructure we are developing to support negotiation activities in concurrent inter-organisational alliances. Our baseline is to offer a collaboration framework which fully preserves the autonomy of organisations grouped in an alliance, while enabling concurrency of their activities, flexibility of their negotiations and dynamic evolution of their environment. We propose to support negotiation between the partners within such alliances by combining different technologies, such as software engineering techniques, middleware-level coordination facilities and multiagent systems support. We present our approach in the context of a sample scenario of an alliance where partners are printshops capable of (out/in) sourcing print jobs among them to better accomplish their customers' requests.

One Point of View: University-Based Virtual Alliances Could Spur Technological Innovation

"One Point of View: University-Based Virtual Alliances Could Spur Technological Innovation." Research-Technology Management, 40(6), pp. 10–11