Violence Victimization Experiences Research Articles

Identifying Subgroups of Suicidality Among Adolescents and Influencing Factors Using Latent Class Analysis.

We aimed to classify subgroups of suicidality among adolescents and identify the influencing factors of the classification of these latent classes. Suicidal thought, plans, and attempts as well as the feelings of sadness/hopelessness and loneliness were utilized as indicators to derive the suicidality classes. Additionally, health behaviors, such as dietary habits, physical activity, experiences of violence victimization, sexual activity, and deviant behavior, along with demographic factors, such as sex, school year, grades, and household income, were considered as influencing factors. The analysis utilized data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey (2022) conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, involving 51,850 middle and high school students. The findings revealed three latent classes of suicidality among adolescents: "active suicidality," "passive suicidality," and "non-suicidality." The influencing factor analysis indicated that all factors, with the exception of high-intensity physical activities, significantly influenced the classification of latent classes of suicidality. Notably, walking exercise and the frequency of exercise during physical education class were found to be factors that differentiated between active and passive suicidality within the suicidality classes. This study employed nationwide data to identify the exhibited suicidality classes among adolescents and tested the influencing factors necessary for predicting such classes. The study's findings offer valuable insights for policy development in suicide prevention and suggest the need for developing customized interventions tailored to each identified class.

Ontology Development for Cyber Violence Victimization in Korean Adolescents

Since the dynamics and forms of cyber violence evolve at the same rapid pace as technology platforms, we used social big data to develop an ontology for cyber violence victimization in South Korea. Following the seven-stage ontology development process, we extracted keywords from 3,075 social media data sources including online articles, comments, and blogs. Focus group interview data was also obtained from 40 adolescents and 5 cyber violence experts. The analysis identified domains for (1) participants subdivided by age, school level, sex, form, and relationship; (2) protective and risk factors by individuals, family, friends, school, community, and online systems; (3) types by form and method of violence; (4) characteristics by media and distinct features; (5) outcomes by individual and relational/social; and (6) interventions and policies by personal coping strategies, services/interventions, and laws/policies. These findings provide a multi-faceted perspective on cyber violence victimization experiences in South Korea. In addition, the results elucidate the newest types of cyber violence in real-life terms.

Associations between Sexual Minority Identities, Heterosexism, Identity Concealment, and Depression in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Emerging Adults: Adjusting for the Effects of General Stressors.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals experience stressors distinctively tied to their sexual identities, such as externalized and internalized heterosexism and identity concealment, which are correlated with increased psychological distress, including depression. The present study examined the variance in depression scores resulting from heterosexism, LGB identity concealment, and minority sexual identities, after adjusting for race/ethnicity and interpersonal violence victimization experiences. Participants were 277 LGB emerging adults 18 to 29 years old (mean 25.39, standard deviation 2.77; 46 lesbian women, 71 gay men) recruited from an online platform. Nearly 41% reported moderate to severe depression symptoms. A two-step hierarchical regression model examining the effect of sexual minority stressors, heterosexism, LGB identity concealment, and minority sexual identity on depression after controlling for childhood maltreatment and face-to-face intimate partner violence types was significant. Bisexual women (vs gay men), those with greater exposure to heterosexism, and those with a greater degree of identity concealment experienced significantly higher scores on depression. In addition, being a person of color (including identifying as Hispanic), exposure to childhood maltreatment, and experiencing psychological intimate partner violence significantly predicted increases in depression scores. Findings emphasize the importance of assessing minority stressors and taking them into account when providing clinical interventions to LGB individuals.

초기 청소년기 학교폭력 피해경험과 교우관계의 관계와 전학경험의 조절효과

Objectives This study examines the relationship between early adolescence school violence victimization, peer relationships, and the moderating effect of school transfer experience.
 Methods Using panel data from the Korean Educational Development Institute's ongoing Korean Education Longitudinal Study, which has been conducted since 2013, we conducted an analysis of school violence victim-ization experiences, peer relationships, and transfer experiences from elementary 5th grade to high school graduation. For data preprocessing and identifying transfer experiences, we utilized SPSS 27, while for examining moderation effects (multigroup analysis) using structural equation modeling, we employed Mplus 8.3.
 Results Firstly, experiences of school violence during early adolescence have a negative impact on subsequent peer relationships during the adolescent period. Secondly, transfer experiences moderate the effects of school violence victimization during early adolescence on later peer relationships in adolescence.
 Conclusions Experiencing school violence during early adolescence had a negative impact on the formation of peer relationships during subsequent schooling. However, it was found that when students transfered schools and joined a new peer group, they experienced less difficulty in forming peer relationships. Therefore, policy alter-natives that allow school violence victims to choose school transfers are needed.

The Dual Mediating Effects of Depression and Violence Insensitivity on the Impact of School Violence Victimization Experience and Sexual Grooming Victimization of Elementary School Students

The Dual Mediating Effects of Depression and Violence Insensitivity on the Impact of School Violence Victimization Experience and Sexual Grooming Victimization of Elementary School Students

Associations between childhood polyvictimization, intimate partner violence victimization and substance use among college students

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with an elevated risk of substance use, but few studies have simultaneously examined other aspects of victimization history that may contribute to substance use. The current study examined the direct and moderating effects of childhood polyvictimization (i.e., multiple experiences of violence victimization before age 18) on the association between IPV subtypes (physical, sexual, psychological, and injury) and alcohol/drug use. Methods: A sample of 256 college students ages 18–25 (72% female, 68% white) completed a survey assessing past-year IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and past three-month substance use. Results: There were no direct or joint associations between IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and alcohol use. There were direct associations between psychological IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and drug use. No other forms of IPV were significantly associated with drug use. Conclusions: Results highlight unique direct associations between violence victimization and drug use risk compared to alcohol use risk in this context.

보호관찰관의 폭행 피해 경험과 직무 스트레스와의 관계

This study aims at investigating the relationship between victimized experience of probation officer charged in electronic monitoring and job related stress in South Korea. Although the use of the electronic monitoring continues to expand, discussions on the job stress of the officials in charge of it are relatively few.
 Negative job stress felt by probation officers in charge of community correction will inevitably result in enormous losses of nationwide security, eventually leading to great damage to the public. In particular, the experience of physical or mental violence victimization from probation officers under electronic monitoring will cause a high level of negative job stress. To empirically verify this, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted in the current study. This study utilized secondary data surveyed by the Korean Institute of Criminology and Justice.
 As a result of this study, it was found that the victimization of mental violence was statistically significant factor that is associated with job related stress. More importantly, hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that social support and mental victimization experience were significant factors that are related with stress of probation officers when other variables are controlled. Further policy implications will be discussed.

Transition From School Violence Victimization to Reporting Victimized Experiences: A Latent Transition Analysis.

This study aimed to understand the heterogeneity of school violence experiences among South Korean youth, explicitly examining how each type of violence experienced transitions into different reporting behaviors. A latent profile analysis was conducted to classify different types of violence victimization and reporting behaviors, followed by a latent transition analysis, which contributed to an understanding of the relationships between profiles of violence and reporting. The influence of social support on reporting victimization was further examined. The results are as follows. First, school violence victimization experience was divided into five profiles: cyber violence-oriented (7.0%), ostracization-oriented (8.9%), verbal violence-oriented (41.8%), high-level of multiple-violence (2.8%), and medium-level of multiple-violence (39.5%). Second, reporting behavior was divided into four profiles: reporting to family and teachers (14.7%), reporting to family, teachers, and friends (11.0%), actively reporting (1.5%), and passively coping (72.8%). Third, students showed the highest probability of passively reporting, while the probability of actively reporting was low for all victimization profiles. Fourth, support from family and friends positively correlated with reporting violence, while support from teachers did not. The findings confirm that reporting violence may vary depending on the type of school violence victimization, implying that different types of violence need to be mitigated in distinct ways. Additionally, the study's result regarding the influence of social support suggests that school counselors and practitioners need to develop ways to facilitate violence reporting in schools.

Black Men's Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Help-Seeking, and Barriers to Help-Seeking.

Guided by hegemonic masculinity and intersectionality theories, this descriptive, exploratory study examined Black men's intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization experiences, subsequent help-seeking decisions, and barriers to help-seeking. To begin exploring Black men's experiences, two research questions guided this study: (a) What are Black men's experiences of IPV-related help-seeking? (b) What barriers do Black men face when seeking IPV-related help and support? A total of 54 Black men participated in an online survey on their IPV experiences via the crowdsourcing platform Prolific. Overall, the men who participated in this study experienced relatively low levels of minor and severe physical and sexual violence victimization, as well as lower levels of coercive controlling violence in comparison to nationally representative data, suggesting this sample comprises men who experience situational couple versus coercive controlling violence. All but one participant utilized at least one help-seeking strategy. Informal strategies were most commonly utilized, whereas legal strategies were least commonly utilized. The degree to which participants perceived each strategy as helpful was quite variable, such that staying with friends or family was the most helpful strategy yet 47.8% found it unhelpful. The most common help-seeking barriers (e.g., wanting to solve the problem on their own) overlap with hegemonic masculinity and Black men's experiences with formal and legal systems, relating less to the internalized and anticipated stigma subscales created for women. Broadly, this study helps illustrate the need for researchers to focus on developing measures and interventions tailored to Black men and their experiences.

Primary caregiver Reports of Patient-Initiated and Suffered Violence in Schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study in Tunisia

IntroductionAggressive behavior in psychosis is not uncommon. Studies found that among the patients with schizophrenia engaged in violence, more than half committed violence directly against family members. However, few studies have explored violence victimization and perpetration among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.ObjectivesOur study investigated caregiver reports of aggressive acts committed or suffered by their relative with schizophreniaMethodsThis is a cross-sectional study among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia during the period from June to August 2022.Patients who attended our department of psychiatry at the Razi.The questionnaire was divided into three sections.The first section: contained items regarding patient and caregiver-related information.The second section: caregivers were asked questions about their experience of violence perpetration and victimization involving their relative with schizophrenia in the past 12 months.Beyond frequency, caregivers were also asked to specify, the causes of the violence perpetrated and suffered.The third section contained two measures: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the abridged version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), assessing psychological distress and caregiving burden, respectively.ResultsFinally 110 caregivers were included ,the majority of caregivers were females (63.6%) and consisted of patients’ parents (50.9%). Verbal violence was the most reported type of violence victimization (35.5%). In addition, 54.5% of caregivers disclosed having perpetrated verbal violence at least once against their ill relative.Bivariate analysis showed that lower caregivers’ educational level (p=.017), unemployment (p<.001), other person in charge (p=.027), burden levels (p<.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001) and stress (p<.001) symptoms are positively associated with violence victimization occurrence. while being male caregiver (p=.007), having other person in charge (p<.001) and higher levels of depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), and stress (p<.001) were associated with more violence perpetration.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that violence victimization and perpetration in schizophrenia are not uncommon.Appropriate procedures for minimizing it should be considered.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Factors attributed to violent behaviour by primary caregivers toward their relative with schizophrenia

IntroductionThere is a modest but consistent association between violent behavior and schizophrenia. Persons with schizophrenia are at a modestly increased risk of committing violence ,with approximately half of victims being relativesObjectivesOur study examined the factors attributed to violent behaviour within the relationship patient-caregiver in schizophrenia according to caregivers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia during the period from June to August 2022.Patients who attended our department of psychiatry at the Razi.The questionnaire was divided into three sections. The first section contained items regarding patient- and caregiver-related information.In the second section, caregivers were asked questions about their experience of violence perpetration and victimization involving their relative with schizophrenia in the past 12 months.Beyond frequency, caregivers were also asked to specify, the causes of the violence perpetrated and sufferedThe third section contained two measures, i.e. the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the abridged version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), assessing psychological distress and caregiving burden, respectively. The protocol of the study was approved by the ethics committee of the Razi Psychiatric Hospital.ResultsThe majority of caregivers were females (63.6%), and consisted of patients’ parents (50.9%).The most endorsed causes of violence victimization were symptoms of illness (57.3%), followed by refusal to adhere to treatment (49.1%), drug reaction (23.6%), and negative events; while the most reported causes of violence perpetration were refusal to adhere to treatment (42.7%), Symptoms of illness (37.3%), and limitation of patients’ activities and/or liberty (32.7%).Bivariate analysis showed that lower patients’ economic status (p=.042), tobacco (p=.015) and alcohol use (p=.014) as well as taking Trihexyphenidyl (p=.001) were significantly and positively associated with violence perpetration by caregivers against their relatives with schizophrenia.Multivariable analysis (Logistic regression) revealed that caregivers’ levels of burden remained significantly associated with violence victimization occurrence (p=.026; OR=1.48), while only having other person in charge of caring represented a significant factor associated with perpetration of any form of violence against patients (p=.007; OR=.17).ConclusionsIt is important for medical staffs to provide caregivers with professional knowledge about patients’ real motivation for violence in order to improve their skills of problem-solving.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

166. Lifetime Experiences of Digital and In-Person Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents in the Deep South

166. Lifetime Experiences of Digital and In-Person Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents in the Deep South

Measuring the Prevalence of Interpersonal Violence Victimization Experience- and Self-Labels: An Exploratory Study in an Alaskan Community-Based Sample.

How victims of violence against women (VAW) label their experiences and selves can be important for help-seeking, but descriptive research on the prevalence of experience- and self-labels among VAW victims is limited. This study sought to fill some of the gaps in this quantitative literature using new measurement tools. The current study used quantitative survey data from a weighted sample of 1694 community-based women in Alaska who had experienced VAW (determined using behaviorally specific items) to measure the prevalence of a variety of labels these victims could apply to their experiences and selves. Generally, victims of specific forms of violence had minimal agreement on the terms they used to label their experiences. The most commonly endorsed label was 28.5% of those who had experienced alcohol or drug involved sexual assault applying the label rape to their experiences. Across all victims, the most commonly endorsed self-label was survivor, with one-quarter to one-third endorsing this label, depending on the subsample. Roughly one-tenth used the self-label victim across all subsamples. VAW service providers should consider labels used to promote services and how to increase awareness about which behaviors constitute VAW; policymakers should improve the accessibility of healthcare so that labeling oneself or one's experiences in a certain way is not a prerequisite of help-seeking; and researchers should continue exploring how to measure experience- and self-labels with minimal priming of participants and greater specificity to the actual experiences with violence.

Contexts of violence victimization and service-seeking among Latino/a/x immigrant adults in Maryland and the District of Columbia: A qualitative study

In the United States (US), Latino/a/x immigrants are particularly vulnerable to discrimination and violence, which are associated with a host of negative physical and mental health consequences. Despite this, Latino/a/x immigrants may have limited access to resources and services to prevent and address its consequences. In-depth interviews (n = 17) and one focus group discussion (n = 5) were conducted among a maximum variation sample of adult Latino/a/x immigrants living in Maryland and the District of Columbia, following semi-structured interview guides to explore experiences of discrimination and violence, their impact on health, and barriers and facilitators to help-seeking. Experiences of discrimination and violence victimization were diverse in type and severity. Many women and one gender non-binary participant described experiences of intimate partner violence as well workplace violence. Men frequently described violence that occurred in public and in the workplace. Nearly all participants reported workplace discrimination. Lack of legal documentation, experiences of impunity in country of origin, and lack of knowledge of the US legal system presented barriers, while peers, social groups, and bystanders facilitated violence reporting and help-seeking. Results highlight clear opportunities to prevent and respond to violence through improved availability and accessibility of information, as well as expansion or adaptation of existing services across sectors.

중학생의 학교폭력 피해경험과 가해경험 간 관계

Objectives This study selects the school violence victim experience, the perpetrator experience, and the perception of the school climate as major factors, and examines the longitudinal path from the middle school student's school violence victim experience to the perpetrator experience. Most of the studies so far have focused on cross-sectional studies, an aspect of simple change in the relationship between the victim experience and the perpetrator experience and the focus on personal factors. However, not only personal factors but also environmental factors are considered to be important factors in the experience of school violence victimization and the perpetrator experience. Therefore, in this study, the purpose of study was to examine the effect of school factors, in which students spend a relatively large amount of time, on school violence. To this end, we intend to verify the mediating effect of the school violence victimization experience leading to the school violence perpetrator experience through the perception of school climate through longitudinal study data. Methods For this purpose, data from 2013(middle school 1) to 2015(middle school 3) among panel 1 data of the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study 2010 were used. The total number of subjects was 2,411, and the data were analyzed using the autoregressive cross-delay model. Results The victimization experiences and perpetrating experiences of school violence at the previous point affects the victimization experiences and perpetrating experiences of school violence at the next point in time, respectively, and that the previous perception of school climate also affects the perception of next time. In addition, the victimization experience of school violence at the previous point (middle 1) affects the perception of the school climate at the next point (middle 2), and the perception of the school climate at the previous point (middle 2) affects the perpetrating experience of school violence at the next point (middle 3). In other words, the study confirmed that the perception of the school climate had a longitudinal mediating effect in the relationship between the victimization experience and the perpetrating experience. Conclusions These imply that the victimization experience of school violence at the previous point can lead to the perpetrating experience of school violence next time. Also, if a student perceives the school climate negatively in this path, the perpetrating experience of school violence in the future may increase.

Bidirectional associations between family conflict and child behavior problems in families at risk for maltreatment

BackgroundChildren's exposure to family conflict is associated with the development of behavior problems. However, it remains unclear whether this association (1) functions bidirectionally and (2) exists independent of more severe forms of violent victimization. ObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine bidirectional and transactional associations between family conflict and children's behavioral problems, controlling for time-varying violent victimization experiences. Invariance testing examined whether these models differed by gender and by maltreatment status prior to initial recruitment. Participants and settingParticipants were caregiver-child dyads identified prospectively as being at risk for maltreatment and family violence exposure prior to age four (N = 1281; 51.4 % female; 74.6 % persons of color). MethodsCaregivers were interviewed prospectively about family conflict, children's aggressive and delinquent behavior, and children's victimization experiences at child ages 6, 8, and 10. ResultsAfter controlling for prior victimization, significant cross-lagged bidirectional associations were identified between family conflict and child behavior problems. Indirect effects from age 6 to age 10 externalizing problems through age 8 family conflict were not supported. Several bidirectional paths were stronger among boys than girls. Results revealed little evidence for moderation by prerecruitment maltreatment status. ConclusionsFindings support a conceptualization of the family-child relationship that is reciprocal in nature and highlight the importance of non-violent, everyday negative family processes. Interventions aiming to improve child behavior problems by targeting severely dysfunctional family processes should also address non-violent, lower-level patterns of negative family interactions, such as everyday instances of blame, criticism, nonacceptance, and favoritism.

Ákvörðun þolenda ofbeldis að tilkynna brot til lögreglu

As most crimes are never reported, official police data underestimates the true extent of crimes. Decisions to report also varies between groups resulting in a systematic bias in data used to form police changes in the criminal justice system. The current research focuses on the impact that crime types, victims SES, and trust towards the police has on decisions to report. The study uses a combined dataset of victimization surveys conducted annually from 2014 to 2021 (n = 19,440). Results show that fewer victims of gender-based violence report than victims of other types of crimes. Victims’ perception of the seriousness of the violence has the strongest impact on decision to report. Young people and people in rural areas are less likely to report than other groups. The article reviews the complex relationship between trust towards the police and decisions to report violence. The findings indicate that a recent experience of violent victimization reduces trust towards the police. Reporting gender-based violence has a tendency to reduce trust towards the police but reporting other types of physical violence is associated with increased trust. The results also show that victims of serious intimate partner violence have become more likely to report to the police in recent years than before 2018.

Chinese Women's Financial Independence and Their Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Experiences.

China, as a traditional patriarchal society, provides an excellent context to examine whether and how increased financial independence of women may influence intimate partner violence. This study examines how financial independence influences Chinese women's victimization experiences of physical violence, psychological violence, controlling behavior, and sexual abuse. Data were collected from 600 married or divorced women aged between 20 and 60, who resided in a large metropolitan area in Southern China. Results indicated that while physical violence is reduced by women's financial independence, other forms of connective IPV against women are suggested as expressions of men's desire to keep financially independent women in place.

Interpersonal Violence Victimization Experiences of Middle School Youth: An Exploration by Gender and Sexual/Romantic Attraction

ABSTRACT Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization compared to heterosexual youth. The current study examined how self-reported victimization (i.e., bullying, sexual harassment and dating violence) among middle school youth varied as a function of sexual/romantic attraction as well as gender identity. Cross-sectional data were gathered from students at seven middle schools in New England (n = 2245). Mean comparisons with post-hoc Tukey tests determined differences in rates of past 6-month and lifetime interpersonal violence victimization by sexual/romantic attraction and the intersection of gender and attraction. As hypothesized, interpersonal violence victimization among middle school youth differed as a function of sexual/romantic attraction as well as gender. To date, most research has focused on older samples, particularly high-school youth and young adults. These data are consistent with these prior studies documenting increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization among youth who indicate same-gender attraction but add to the literature in demonstrating the expansive forms of peer victimization that same-gender-attracted youth already experience by early adolescence. Given that victimization is associated acutely and longitudinally with many deleterious outcomes, including poorer mental health and increased risk for subsequent victimization, greater structural supports are needed for early adolescent SMY.

Increased Risk for Sexual Violence Victimization on Drinking Days Involving Pregaming

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk for sexual violence victimization and perpetration. Pregaming, a popular activity among college students that involves heavy and quick drinking prior to going out for the night and often results in high blood alcohol levels (BALs), may convey increased risk for sexual violence – potentially due to greater likelihood of contact with intoxicated perpetrators and significantly impaired victim ability to consent or resist. Yet no published work has evaluated whether there is increased risk for victimization on drinking days that involve pregaming. Using a sample of 390 college student drinkers who completed a past 30-day Timeline Followback, we examined heavy drinking behavior, estimated BALs, and experience of sexual violence victimization during 1,899 drinking days, of which 30% involved pregaming. After controlling for demographics, we found that participants drank approximately two more drinks and reached significantly higher BALs on drinking days where they pregamed as compared to drinking days where they did not pregame. Nearly 6% of drinking days that included pregaming involved sexual violence victimization, compared to about 2% of drinking days where pregaming did not occur. Participants were at 2.71 times the odds of experiencing sexual violence, primarily unwelcomed comments and nonconsensual sexual touching, during drinking days with pregaming. This study represents a first step toward greater understanding of the sexual violence and pregaming link, but future research assessing perpetrator behavior and context-specific factors (e.g., amount consumed by victims and perpetrators, location of sexual violent events and peers present) are needed.