Violent Impulses Research Articles

Characteristics of Gasless Combustion of Core-Shell Al@NiO Microparticles with Boosted Exothermic Performance.

The microstructures and thermochemical behavior of the energetic composites composed of core-shell structured μAl@NiO microparticles were characterized. These core-shell microparticles were synthesized using a wet-chemistry-based one-pot process, where the assembly was proposed to be driven by the electrostatic force between negatively charged Al and positively charged Ni-NH3 ions. Electron microscopic images demonstrated the formation of NiO nanoparticles adhering to the surface of microsized Al particles with different equivalence ratios. Thermal analysis revealed two consecutive exothermic peaks resulting from the initial thermite reaction between 890 and 960 °C and subsequently the intermetallic/alloy formation reactions between 1000 and 1040 °C. The latter was further confirmed by the endothermic peaks of Al-Ni alloy melting at higher temperatures. The formation of alloy was substantiated by the melting of AlNi3, AlNi, and Al3Ni. The onset temperature of the first exothermic peak decreased with increasing nominal equivalence ratio of the core-shell. Compared to the physically mixed (PM) composite, the core-shell structures decreased the activation energy of the thermite reaction by a mere 9.24 kJ/mol; however, it increased the combustibility by the manifold. The PM composite was not able to be ignited at all by a 5 W laser, while the core-shell counterpart ignited at 2.55 ms and was completely combusted within 6.50 ms accompanying a violent impulse.

CHILD VIOLENCE: FROM PSYCHOANALYSIS TO THE REALITY OF PROTECTING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN BRAZIL

The purpose of the presented material is to summarize the basic psychoanalytic positions on the analysis of human aggressiveness and violent impulses, as well as to analyze the work of South American educators on the problem of violence within the recognition of human rights to a safe life. Methods. The defined theoretical and methodological direction of the analysis of child violence consists of research procedures, bibliographic review, psychoanalytic and socio-pedagogical research. Results. Psychoanalytic positions of interpretation of the phenomenon of violence are represented by Freud's classic generalizations about aggression, sadism and repression of libido. The conceptual understanding of the intrapsychic aspects of the child's violence is supplemented by the provisions of the theories of object relations through various forms of self-destruction of the individual. The socio-historical context of violence is revealed and it is emphasized that violence always contains the fact of violation by one person of the rights and freedoms of another person. The analysis of the works of Brazilian psychoanalysts reveals the specifics of experiencing the "feeling of colonization" in unconscious forms of repressed tension, confrontation and guilt. It is emphasized that various conflict traumas and states of social disintegration should begin with the awareness of just solidarity and human rights. It is also important to be aware of the rights of the child, which is in line with the doctrine of integral protection. The scientific achievements of the scientific school of Professor A.M. Eyng on the study of the problems of violence and children's rights are revealed. The basic positions of cooperation between Ukrainian and Brazilian scientists on the study of psychological norms of quality of life, mental health and well-being of children in humanitarian situations (poverty, wars, environmental disasters, forced displacement, etc.) are outlined. Conclusions. The scientific synthesis of psychoanalysis of child violence and socio-pedagogical generalizations about the child's rights to a safe existence is a new form of practical solution to the problem of protecting the quality of life of the child.

Keeping up appearances: US domestic extremist organizations and the effects of membership on domestic terrorism perpetrators

ABSTRACT Within the broader discussion of US domestic terrorism, the impact of formal extremist groups on the behaviour of perpetrators of ideologically motivated crime stands as a key albeit under examined issue. Radicalization and terrorism have long been understood as group-driven processes, yet the degree and rate of group affiliation among US extremist offenders is highly variable, especially in the context of rising instances of lone actor attacks. This raises the question of the role that group affiliation plays in relation to perpetrators of extremist violence. For while discourse surrounding domestic terrorism has largely classified these organizations as facilitators or enablers of radicalization and extremist violence, patterns in recent years suggest these groups may in fact do the opposite and dampen the violent impulses of their members to preserve their organizational interests. This paper presents an analysis of data adapted from the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) dataset as well as original data and finds that membership in formal extremist groups does appear to create a moderating effect on perpetrators of ideologically motivated crime, reducing the probability of group members in engaging in violence.

(Dés)organisations du travail et décompensations cancéreuses : éclairage psychanalytique

ContextThis article is the result of a doctoral research that proposes to question the possible links between the suffering at work caused by managerial practices stemming from neoliberalism and the occurrence of somatic disorders in the individual. ObjectivesMore and more studies reveal links between work organization/conditions and somatic decompensation, including severe. In the continuity, we propose to reflect on the psychic stakes mobilized in certain forms of cancerous pathologies in subjects invested professionally. MethodFollowing the work psychodynamicians who place work as central in the life of the subject, the authors sought to understand how work can be structuring for the subject and what psychic functions it has in his life. The authors also analyzed, through the analysis of several clinical situations, what is at play in the work for the individual, what keeps his balance both psychically and somatically and what, on the contrary, can “destroy” it (in the literal sense of the term). ResultsThe case studies showed that, out of twenty subjects interviewed, constants appeared: these subjects tended to avoid conflicts because of their inability to treat them psychically resulting in repression, inhibition of their affects, especially those of anger or hostility. This disability has its origin in their childhood history and in the pre-western trauma experienced in the primary relationship with the mother. InterpretationsThe authors have highlighted the effects of (ob)scenalization in the work implying that the highly invested subject projects, plays or acts his intimate scene on the professional scene and on the metaexecutives of the institution that perform various functions (metadefensive instance, subject affiliation and violent impulse movement capacity). It follows that a failing institution causes the bankruptcy of this metaframework and the psychic elements formerly contained and/or metabolized are likely to return to the subject in the form of severe somatization. The limits of this study lie in the small number of subjects interviewed and in the impossibility of generalizing such processes due to the multifactorial complexity involved. Neoliberalism at work in societal evolutions invites us to continue these investigations on the deleterious effects of this on the health of professionals.

Teaching monastic masculinity with the Colloquy of Ælfric of Eynsham

I focus on the Colloquy of Ælfric of Eynsham to show how it contributed to gender formation by teaching boys not only Latin, but also what it meant to be a man of the monastery. I discuss how the professions the boys role‐played encouraged them to think of the monk as the most masculine option, and how verbal experimentation allowed their violent impulses to be redirected from physical towards intellectual outlets. In doing so, I reveal the rhetorical strategies used to construct collective gendered identities, which separated different types of men and the role of animals in this process.

Eğitim Yönetiminde Örgütsel Çatışmaya Sebep Olan Unsurların Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

In this study, it is aimed to examine the factors that cause organizational conflict in educational management in terms of various variables. Conflict corresponds to a social communication and activity that involves contention over resources, power and status, beliefs and other desires. Although its current source is unclear, its objectives, frameworks, intensities, methods, participants and consequences also show significant changes. For this reason, conflict is a natural phenomenon in social relations, and it is quite difficult to achieve a positive social goal without conflict. In everyday use, the definition of conflict is usually loaded with meanings that include destructive hostility, violence, quarrels and wars. But in a conflict and conflict, the goal of the parties may also be shown to be a quality that does not involve a violent impulse, such as ensuring the acceptance of one's personal preference or taking a priority position in the use of resources and power. Conflicts occur from stages that are related to each other. The concept of organizational conflict, on the other hand, can be defined as disagreements or disagreements arising from differences in statuses, tools, values or perceptions found between individuals or groups with insufficient sharing of resources or distribution of tasks between individuals or groups at more than one Deciency in institutions. Deciency is defined as disagreements or disagreements arising from differences in perceptions, tools, values or perceptions found between individuals or groups. In terms of the types of organizational conflict variables, they are classified in various forms and levels. Organizational conflict variables in terms of their types can occur within people themselves, between people, between people and groups, between institutions in a general sense. Key Words: Educational Management, Conflict, Organizational Conflict

Falling Stories: Cinematic Naturalism and Disability in Frank Norris’ and Stephen Crane's City Sketches

Falling Stories: Cinematic Naturalism and Disability in Frank Norris’ and Stephen Crane's City Sketches

A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE SOCIETY'S REACTION TO THE NEWS ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND MURDERERS IN THE MEDIA

Kadına yönelik şiddet ve kadın cinayetleri haberleri günlük yaşantımızda sıkça karşılaşılan haberler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu tarz haberlerin ayrıntılarıyla birlikte sürekli verilmesi olayı normalleştirerek bazı vakaları magazinleştirmekte ve olaya duyulan ciddiyeti zedelemektedir. Son yıllarda kadına yönelik şiddet araştırmaları sayıca artsa da çözüm noktasında kesin bir sonuca ulaşılamamıştır. Bu araştırmanın temel çıkış noktası haberlerin içerik olarak incelenmesi yerine haberi izleyen kitlenin tepkisini anlamaktır. Çalışma, medyada ve haber bültenlerinde yer alan kadına yönelik şiddet ve kadın cinayeti haberlerine toplumun bakış açısını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada kadına yönelik şiddet ve kadın cinayeti haberlerine toplumun tepkisi araştırılmış, farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve medeni duruma sahip 20 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmelerde, şiddetin en küçük yaşlarda aile içinde verilecek eğitimlerle engellenebileceği, haberlerde yer alan detayların insanların şiddet dürtülerini uyandırarak olumsuz davranışlara potansiyel oluşturduğu, yaptırımların yetersizliği ve haberlerin gerek sosyal medyada gerekse ana haber bültenlerinde sıkça yer almasının konuyu sıradanlaştırdığı ve kadınlara yönelik uygulanan pozitif ayrımcılığın bazı durumlarda suistimal edilerek kadınlara daha fazla zarar verdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Review: God at War: A Meditation on Religion and Warfare, by Mark Juergensmeyer

Those familiar with Mark Juergensmeyer’s work, particularly the successive editions of Terror in the Mind of God, will find him returning to themes and issues that have long preoccupied him. When Juergensmeyer considers religious violence, his attention focuses not on the actual mechanics of fighting but on the concept of war itself. He wants to figure out how the concept of war can come to dominate a particular view of the world and decisively shape the self-understanding, motivation, and actions of particular individuals and groups.In general, Juergensmeyer wants to unravel “why war needs religion and why religion needs war” (3). He ends up emphasizing how both war and religion offer totalizing worldviews that situate the perceived chaos and disorder of the world within an alternative reality that promises a triumphant establishment of order and endows both individuals and communities with meaning and purpose. Accordingly, religion can enhance a worldview focused on war by describing any battle in absolute terms, demonizing opponents, and providing moral justifications for acts of killing or giving up one’s own life, among other things. Juergensmeyer terms such religious legitimated violence “cosmic war,” which envisages “radical divine intervention in human history, an existential battle between religion and irreligion, good and evil, order and chaos” (76).Especially important, however, is Juergensmeyer’s caution that violent religious language only rarely inspires actual violent actions. For the most part religious violence remains in the realm of rhetoric and the imagination. Instances where rhetoric sparks actual physical violence are the exception rather than the rule. Juergensmeyer returns to that idea in the brief concluding chapter when he considers whether religion might prevent, restrict, or limit war. There he argues that keeping war on a symbolic level and contained within the realm of the cultural imagination might be a way of reducing its horrific impacts on human life. Appealing to Freud’s notion that symbolic violence can help to release violent impulses, Juergensmeyer mentions religion, literature, and even video games like Fortnite as ways of providing outlets for violent impulses without causing actual harm.Unlike some contemporary commentators, Juergensmeyer avoids making blanket assertions about whether religion is inherently violent, preferring instead to examine in detail the particular contours and dynamics of specific events. In fact, one of the signal strengths of both this book and the rest of Juergensmeyer’s work on religion and violence is the telling use of detail. Each chapter begins with a specific vignette based on Juergensmeyer’s own experience or his interviews with a wide array of individuals. Although he does not offer a sustained analysis of any of those brief examples, those bits of evidence help to ground his discussion as it moves nimbly through an impressive range of examples.This short book, based on lectures delivered in several venues, will be of interest to anyone interested in religious violence and should be accessible to intermediate and advanced students as well.

Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down): How Federal and State Gun Control Measures Have Failed Victims of Domestic Violence

While numerous factors impact perpetrators of mass shootings, perhaps the most egregious omission from the ongoing gun control debate is the effect of past domestic abuse and misogyny on shooters’ violent impulses. Furthermore, research shows that many, if not all, recent high-profile perpetrators are men with histories of domestic, sexual, or psychological violence against women. Finally, many United States “red flag” laws are designed to temporarily prohibit domestic abusers from possessing firearms during the terms of their protective orders, ensuring that abusers regain access to dangerous weapons after a brief “slap on the wrist.” This Article, prepared for consideration to the 2019 edition of Southern University Law Center's Journal of Race, Gender & Poverty, examines these distinct issues and proposes model statutes aimed at alleviating them.

Silence and Invisibility as Weapons of Hegemonic Nationalism in Fernando Aramburu's Patria

Fernando Aramburu�s Patria (2016) has undoubtedly constituted one of the most explosive publishing successes of Spain�s literary market of the recent years. The author depicts Basque nationalism as a flawed product deriving from irrational violent impulses that supposedly lie at the core of the Basque identity, while privileging a hegemonic Castilian nationalism. Aramburu�s perspective, however, is tainted by his geographic and affective distancing from Euskadi, which arises not only from the fact that he has been living in Germany since 1985 but also from his identity as an author who writes only in Spanish. His novel misses the mark, as it consists of a collection of easily digestible stereotypes that do not facilitate a profound understanding of the Basque reality.

“How Could a Mother Do That to Her Children?”: Filicide and Maternal Ambivalence in Croatian Media and Online Discourse

Four filicide cases that occurred in Croatia in 2014-17 received wide national media coverage and caused strong public reactions. In each case, the mother of the child(ren) was the perpetrator. This paper will analyse different representations of motherhood, the contradictions and inconsistencies between motherhood as an idea and ideology and everyday maternal practices and behaviours, with special attention being paid to the concept of maternal ambivalence and the expression of violent impulses towards children. Furthermore, the research will also paint a broader picture of the ideology and representations of motherhood. This will include the prescriptive norms of the ideal motherhood present in the public discourse, encompassing the official expert discourse of parenting, as well as the ‘private’ discourse of internet forums covering the issues of parenting and child rearing. The purpose of this analysis is to show how the public profile of the mothers who committed filicide is created on the dichotomies of the ideal, self-abnegating mother and the monstrous ‘non-mother’ (Croatian: nemajka), with all of its horrifying, dehumanising characteristics, and how this influences the general construct of maternity, motherhood and the figure of the ideal mother in the patriarchal family and social structures.

Risk factors for concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses in military veterans.

Suicide and violence are significant problems in a subset of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. This study investigates how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and resilience in veterans are associated with suicidal ideation and violent impulses while controlling for known covariates of both adverse outcomes. Structured clinical interviews were conducted of N = 2,543 Iraq/Afghanistan-era U.S. veterans. Compared with veterans denying suicidal ideation or violent impulses (n = 1,927), veterans endorsing both (n = 171) were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD, report childhood abuse, combat exposure, physical pain symptoms, and drug misuse, and less likely to endorse self-direction/life purpose. Veterans reporting concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses had higher odds of misusing drugs and reporting pain symptoms relative to veterans reporting suicidal ideation only (n = 186) and had lower odds of endorsing self-direction/life purpose compared with veterans reporting violent impulses only (n = 259). The findings underscore the importance of examining drug abuse, physical pain symptoms, and self-direction/life purpose, as well as PTSD and history of trauma, in the context of clinical assessment and empirical research aimed at optimizing risk management of suicide and violence in military veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record

Chronic Pain, TBI, and PTSD in Military Veterans: A Link to Suicidal Ideation and Violent Impulses?

The polytrauma clinical triad refers to the co-occurrence of chronic pain, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite research implicating dyadic relationships between these conditions and adverse outcomes, scant research has examined the polytrauma clinical triad's relation to suicide or violence. The present cross-sectional study was designed to examine whether this complex clinical presentation increases risk of suicidal ideation and violent impulses after accounting for other established risk factors. Veterans who served in the military since September 11, 2001 (N = 667) who reported chronic pain completed an interview and self-report battery. Bivariate analyses showed that suicidal ideation and violent impulses both correlated with PTSD, TBI+PTSD, pain intensity and interference, drug abuse, and major depressive disorder (MDD). Multiple regression analyses showed that: 1) race, chronic pain with PTSD, alcohol abuse, and MDD significantly predicted suicidal ideation, 2) pain interference, chronic pain with TBI, chronic pain with PTSD, chronic pain with TBI+PTSD, drug abuse, and MDD significantly predicted violent impulses, and 3) pain interference was a more critical predictor of suicidal and violent ideation than pain intensity. Implications for risk assessment and treatment are discussed. PerspectiveThis article presents results from a study examining predictors of suicide and violence risk among a sample of post-9/11 U.S. Veterans with chronic pain. Health care professionals should assess for pain interference, TBI, PTSD, depression, and alcohol/drug abuse when conducting risk assessments with this population.

Fielding's Odyssey: The Man of Honor, the New Man, and the Problem of Violence in Tom Jones

As a magistrate who dealt with the problem of crime in Europe's largest metropolis, Henry Fielding was keenly aware that violence and its destructive effects pervaded life in eighteenth-century Britain, and that much of this violence originated from conflicts centered on male honor. This essay explores the link between public violence and honor-based notions of masculinity and argues that Fielding addresses the issue in Tom Jones by presenting Tom as the exemplar of a new model of masculinity, one not tethered to the code of honor and placed in direct opposition to men of honor, whom Fielding saw as a threat to civil society. A crucial dimension of Fielding's critique of the culture of honor and his construction of a new paradigm of manhood stems from his decision to cast Tom as a modern Odysseus. While it is well known that Fielding alludes to Homer's epic in Tom Jones, why he did so and the effects generated by this intertextual dynamic have not been fully explored. Nor has scholarship on Tom Jones fully appreciated that Fielding, in casting his hero as a modern Odysseus, was making use of a venerable idiom in European literary history for rethinking ideals of human character. Comparing Fielding's Odysseus to Homer's reveals how Fielding reimagined one of the most compelling models of manhood in Western civilization, made him less prone to violent impulses, and adapted him to function in a post-honor-based society—a kind of society that would be less violent, and one that Fielding wanted Britain to become.

From Family Violence Exposure to Violent Offending: Examining Effects of Race and Mental Health in a Moderated Mediation Model Among Confined Male Juveniles.

Depression, substance use, and impulsivity have been linked to family violence exposure and to the development of violent offending during adolescence. Additionally, the indirect effects associated with these factors may not generalize across different racial/ethnic adolescent populations. The present study tested whether race/ethnicity moderated the mediated relationship between family violence exposure and violent offending, with depression, substance use, and impulsivity as mediators. A sample of 1,359 male adolescents was obtained from a juvenile correctional program. Between-racial/ethnic group comparisons were generally consistent with previous findings. The overall moderated mediation model was significant in predicting violence for both racial/ethnic groups. Different factors influenced violent offending among African Americans and European Americans in the tested model. Furthermore, race/ethnicity moderated the relationship between family violence exposure and impulsivity and substance use. Implications and future directions resolving issues are discussed concerning whether race/ethnicity should be included as a moderator in models of violence.

“He stood like one transfixed with thunder”: Male Rape and the Punishment of Libertinism in Eliza Haywood's Love in Excess

ABSTRACTMidway through Eliza Haywood's Love in Excess, Count D'elmont falls victim to a bed trick at the hands of the sexually aggressive Melantha. While prior critics have overlooked this scene, it is central to Haywood's ideological purpose: the punishment of D'elmont's sexual aggression. He plans to rape Melliora, only to find himself violated in return. The novel creates a parallel between Alovisa’s relationship with Baron D'espernay and D'elmont's relationship with Melantha, one that forces D'elmont into a stereotypically female subject position as the victim of sexual assault. A similar pattern will hold throughout the novel as D’elmont's libertine and violent impulses are punished with acts of sexual coercion perpetrated on his person. This essay therefore argues that Love in Excess seeks both to expose sexual double standards and to punish hypermasculinity and male libertinism. It is only when D'elmont has been stripped of his libertine aggression, only when he has experienced the traditionally feminine role in sexual pursuits, that he earns his happily ever after. Acts of sexual assault become, perversely, the instruments by which the novel civilizes male aggression into companionate bliss.

Violence and theCity: On the Yahwist's Leviathan

The story of Cain is ultimately an origin story of the city, i.e., a narrative representation of its nature and function. This being the case, there seems to be a constitutive relationship between violence and the city, for Cain builds the first city only after committing the first homicide. Reminiscent of Hobbes, the Yahwist sees the city as originating in the domestication of the violent impulses of its citizens. Hence the mark of Cain: it is the threat of reprisal that enables Cain to overcome his fear of, and thereby coexist with, the Other. But vengeance alone will not suffice to maintain civilized collective life, as we learn from the example of his descendant, Lamech. Rather, it is only through hospitality that men can hope to live together in peace. This is the lesson of the story of Sodom, in which the Yahwist juxtaposes the hospitality of Abraham and of Lot with the violent barbarism of the men of Sodom.

Female violence and toxic couples

The author describes the development and expression of violence by women against their own children and against their partners, within a perverse relationship, or ‘toxic coupling’. Female aggression against intimate partners can be a feature of these relationships, playing a significant role in the perpetuation of destructive interactions. The fact of female violence in such partnerships is often minimised or denied altogether and the male is identified as the perpetrator while the female is configured simply as the victim: the author describes how such a view of women reflects a failure to acknowledge the reality of female agency and perversion. This, in turn, prevents a full understanding of the complex dynamics of violent relationships and effective psychotherapeutic interventions with them, leaving children exposed to such situations at serious risk. This concept rests on the notion that it is not the individual partners that are ‘toxic’ but the relationship itself, with its entrenched destructive dynamics. The ‘toxic couple’ is created by the interaction of two disturbed individual attachment systems in each, revealing the violent impulses and psychic disturbance of the female as well as the male partner. In this paper, the author describes how women, as well as their male partners, can be both perpetrators and victims of extreme cruelty. As with female violence generally, because females are assumed not to be violent, there is a danger that some aspects of toxic partnerships are so taboo as to be unthinkable.

The biological evolution of guilt, shame and anxiety: A new theory of negative legacy emotions

Human beings are the most social and the most violent creatures on Earth. The combination of cooperation and aggression enabled us to dominate our ecosystem. However, the existence of violent impulses would have made it difficult or impossible for humans to live in close-knit families and clans without destroying each other. Nature’s answer was the development of guilt, shame and anxiety—internal emotional inhibitions or restraints specifically against aggressive self-assertion within the family and other close relationships.The theory of negative legacy emotions proposes the first unitary concept for the biopsychosocial function of guilt, shame and anxiety, and seeks their origin in biological evolution and natural selection. Natural selection favored individuals with built-in emotional restraints that reduced conflicts within their family and tribal unit, optimizing their capacity to survive and reproduce within the protection of their small, intimate societies, while maintaining their capacity for violence against outsiders. Unfortunately, these negative legacy emotions are rudimentary and often ineffective in their psychosocial and developmental function. As a result, they produce many unintended untoward effects, including the frequent breakdown of restraints in the family and the uninhibited unleashing of violence against outsiders.