Violent Attitudes Research Articles

Attitude of Medical Students Toward Rising Violence Against Doctors

Attitude of Medical Students Toward Rising Violence Against Doctors

Introduction and validation of the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale: A contemporary tool for assessing adolescent attitudes towards dating violence in offline and online environments

The study developed and validated the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale, examining young people's attitudes towards online and offline variants of adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA). Data were collected among 2011 adolescents from England, aged 10–25 (M 15.72 years). Dimensionality and construct validity of the MADVA was investigated using traditional Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results indicate a six-factor model (Attitudes towards: Sexual Abuse-Online; Sexual Abuse-Offline; Psychological Abuse-Online; Psychological Abuse-Offline; Physical Abuse-Offline; Controlling Behaviour-Offline). Excellent composite reliability and differential predictive validity were observed for all six subscales. The MADVA scale enables users to better evaluate ADVA prevention-programmes.

Empathy Through Immersion: The Impact of 360-Degree Virtual Reality on Fostering Perspective-Taking and Sense of Oneness in the Embodiment of a Sexual Harassment Victim.

Sexual harassment (SH) against women is one of the most worldwide problems. To mitigate its incidence, various programs, including virtual reality (VR), have been developed for both prevention and treatment. 360-degree video has emerged as a subfield of VR capable of inducing the body swap illusion and facilitating perspective-taking (PT), as well as eliciting related emotions. The present study represents a progression from a previously published work, featuring a within-subjects design approach that showed the superiority of the immersive video to elicit empathy compared to a control condition. The aim is to investigate and validate the feasibility of using 360-degree video to foster empathy, PT, and a sense of oneness, potentially reducing violent attitudes toward a female victim of SH compared with a traditional PT task (control condition) in a between-subjects design. Forty Mexican men were randomly assigned to one of the conditions. Results confirmed the feasibility of the 360-degree video in significantly enhancing PT and a sense of oneness compared with the control condition. However, no significant changes were observed for the variables of empathy and violent attitude. Moreover, the findings supported the potential of the 360-degree video in eliciting a sense of ownership and presence with the virtual character and the immersive environment, with ownership showing a positive correlation with empathy and PT. Lastly, participant body awareness was found to be a positive predictor of ownership. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

The Colombian paradox. Religion, democracy, and political violence*

ABSTRACT Colombia is a paradoxically complex country – remarkably violent, democratic, and religious all at once. This article presents three claims regarding the responsibility of the Catholic Church hierarchy and civic society in this paradox. First, the Church shifted from partisanship during “La Violencia” (1948 to 1957) to legitimizing the political order proposed by the National Front (1958 to 1974). Second, while the 1886 Constitution recognized Catholicism as the state religion, this collapsed in the 1950s amid increasing pluralization and secularization. Third, Colombian religious practices tend to be formalistic, ritualistic, and driven by a social inertia rather than of personal convictions. This prevented the Catholic spirit from fostering an irenic civic culture that could have discouraged violent attitudes and perhaps curbed the rise of a widespread banality.

Personal Relative Deprivation and Online Aggression in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Revenge Motivation and a Violent Attitude.

While personal relative deprivation (PRD) is recognized as a potential risk factor for aggression, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. This study investigates how revenge motivation mediates the link between PRD and online aggression, as well as how a violent attitude moderates this connection. A total of 1004 college students completed self-reported measures on demographic factors, PRD, online aggression, revenge motivation, and violent attitudes. The findings revealed a positive correlation between PRD and online aggression, with revenge motivation serving as a mediating factor. Additionally, a violent attitude was found to moderate the relationship, indicating that PRD had a stronger association with online aggression in individuals with higher violent attitudes compared to those with lower attitudes.

Interns' and Junior Nurses' Workplace-Violence Perceptions, Coping Confidence and Attitudes Towards Violence Management: A Structural Equation Model Analysis.

To investigate interns' and junior nurses' perceptions, coping confidence and attitudes towards workplace violence in China. Cross-sectional survey study involving 622 interns or nurses with < 5 years of hospital experience. Data were gathered from the largest tertiary hospital in southwestern mainland China using a general information questionnaire, the Perception of Aggression Scale, the Confidence in Coping with Patient Aggression Instrument and the Management of Aggressive and Violence Attitude Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to understand relationships and pathways between the nurses' perceptions of, confidence in dealing with and attitudes towards managing workplace violence. The average scores for the perception of workplace violence, confidence in coping with workplace violence and attitudes towards violence management were 37.44 (±11.60), 29.84 (±8.23) and 81.87 (±23.72), respectively. Perceptions of workplace violence, confidence in coping with workplace violence and attitudes towards violence management show low to moderate correlations; confidence in coping with workplace violence was the mediating variable in the interactions among the three variables. Interns and junior nurses have weaker perceptions of workplace violence, lower confidence in their ability to cope with violence and more negative attitudes towards violence management. Perceptions of workplace violence affected attitudes towards violence management through the intermediary role of confidence in coping with workplace violence. Nursing managers should increase education and training to improve interns' and junior nurses' awareness and confidence in dealing with workplace violence. Healthcare organisations should prevent and manage workplace violence to develop nurses' positive attitudes towards violence management. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist of cross-sectional studies. Interns and nurses with < 5 years of experience participated by voluntarily completing a paper questionnaire.

Contextualizing Attitudes About Violence from the Vantage Point of Street-Identified Black Male Youth: The Role of the Perceived Neighborhood and Bypassing Adolescence in the Development of Black Masculinity

Using Street Participatory Action Research (Street PAR), we examined the role of subjective neighborhood quality in bypassing adolescence (through adultification) and pro-violence attitudes among Black male youth. One hundred and thirty-seven street-identified, Black adolescent males (M/SD age = 18.07/1.66) were recruited using snowball sampling through social networks of individuals who identified as “street” or engaged in illegal activity. Respondents reported on neighborhood quality, bypassing adolescence, and pro-violence attitudes. Results showed that poorer perceived neighborhood quality correlated positively with bypassing adolescence and pro-violence attitudes. Bypassing adolescence mediated the association between neighborhood quality and pro-violence attitudes. Thus, street-identified Black boys who had more negative perceptions of their neighborhoods endorsed more positive attitudes toward violence and greater bypassing adolescence, or perceived adultification through street life. This novel finding contextualizes the development of violence attitudes in this understudied population and may suggest that bypassing adolescence is an important site of resilience within a street-identified Black masculinity framework.

Management of Family Education in Growing Anti-Sexual Violence Attitudes

Management of Family Education in Growing Anti-Sexual Violence Attitudes

The moderating role of social anxiety in the effect of self-esteem on attitude of violence against women

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of social anxiety in the effect of self-esteem on the attitude of violence towards women. The sample of the study consists of 1093 university students. The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Social Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Iskebe Violence Against Women Attitude Scale. The mediation analysis was conducted using the Process Macro developed by Hayes. According to the findings, social anxiety mediates the relationship between self-esteem and violence against women. Individuals with high levels of social anxiety and low self-esteem tend to have an increased attitude towards violence against women. When the results of the regression analysis, which showed the mediation effect, were examined, it was determined that the effect of self-esteem on the attitude of violence against women was negative and significant. As self-esteem increases, the level of violence against women decreases. Our results indicate that adopting positive self-esteem is significant for reducing the negative outcomes on attitudes towards violence against women.

Developing A Mobile Application to Determine the Psychological Wellness of University Students

of university students. Material and Methods: Using an innovative and interdisciplinary approach, this study follows a rigorous methodology from September 2022 to June 2023. The development of the mobile application followed a systematic and structured process to ensure functionality, usability, and reliability. Throughout all stages of development, professional support was sought from information technology to ensure the technical robustness, reliability, and effectiveness of the application. The study embraces four developmental stages including needs identification, technical development, intervention design, and promotion. These stages ensure a student-centered approach, while the application itself offers insights into depression, anxiety, stress, relationship violence attitudes, addiction, Internet addiction, sleep quality, and eating disorders. Results: A unique and all-inclusive mobile application was created to assess and enhance the psychological well-being of university students. With the real-time emotion monitoring feature of the application, students may keep an eye on their present emotional states and develop self-awareness. If long-term negative emotions are detected, the early warning system is activated and implemented. It provides uninterrupted referrals to qualified professionals for immediate response and support in emergency situations and an enhanced feedback mechanism for user complaints and suggestions. It also provides sensitive evaluation and triage processes by creating an anonymous system record to provide instant support, when necessary. The application also includes stress management guidance for students. Conclusion: This application provides real-time data that offers mental health professionals a comprehensive overview of students' psychological states.

Support for Partisan Violence among the Political Fringe: The Case of Antifa and QAnon Supporters

ABSTRACT Recent surveys have shown that significant numbers of partisans in the United States harbor violent attitudes towards out-party politicians and out-party members. This finding has corresponded with the increased visibility of political fringe groups, such as Antifa on the political left and QAnon on the political right. Fringe groups such as these take ideologically extreme political positions and defy political norms, including prohibitions on political violence. Are partisan supporters of these fringe groups more likely to hold violent political attitudes? Using survey data from the Understanding America Study (UAS), we test whether Antifa supporters and QAnon supporters are more likely to report violent attitudes compared to non-fringe group supporters. We find supporters of both groups are more likely to wish harm towards out-party members, support violent protest, and support various forms of interpersonal violence towards out-party members. The results hold even when controlling for ideological extremity, personality, and affective partisanship.

Behind the ‘bruised male ego’ – negotiating women ‘pressures’ in the homes during COVID-19 lockdowns: Congolese and Zimbabwean men in focus

The COVID-19 pandemic and the experiences of lockdown measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus led to a range of negative impacts on the mental health of human societies globally. Our societies were characterized by deteriorating mental health, high levels of stress as well as a sharp rise in abusive cases. In most cases of abuse, men have been fingered as culprits behind it all given the eroding of their male ego. Faced with the reality of their inability to provide, most males were stressed up and vented out their frustration on those near them, who in most cases were the vulnerable women and children. While it is indubitably true that women and children have been the most affected groups due to the lockdowns, this has resulted in the neglect of men themselves. In as much as studies have confirmed the violent attitude developed by most men towards women and children in homes during COVID-19 lockdowns, this paper argues that men were also victims in a number of cases due to the pressures coming from women and children to keep providing something on the table despite being barred from attending to their informal/formal jobs due to the imposed COVID-19 restrictions. This paper takes cognizance of the neglect of voices sympathizing with males in the narratives, thus, we argue that behind the ‘bruised male ego’ there is found a woman, hence the woman needs to be talked to as well instead of just seeing her as a victim of abuse in all the cases. The discussion in this paper is largely based on desktop research. This paper sympathizes with the neglected male voices during COVID-19 lockdowns, invites men to voice out their struggles for the wellbeing of their mental health, and invites African society to rethink some of the attributes given to men that condemn them to suffering in the name of masculinity.

The Impact of Teen Dating Violence and Violent Attitudes on Mental Health Among Bisexual Youth

The present study investigated the prevalence of dating violence and mental health symptoms among bisexual youth. Participants completed surveys that measured three types (physical, psychological, and sexual) of dating violence and three types of mental health symptoms (depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and conduct disorder). Correlations revealed positive associations between sexual, physical, and psychological dating violence victimization among bisexual adolescents. Multiple regressions identified a connection between violent beliefs about a partner and experiencing violence with negative mental health symptoms. The results of the present study indicate that for bisexual teenagers who encountered dating violence, engaging in controlling behaviors and justifying violence against both boys and girls are notable indicators of adverse mental health outcomes. Mental health practitioners should be aware of the possible mental health symptoms among bisexual dating violence victims.

The effect of solution-focused approach on attitudes to violence against women in high school students

PurposeThis study was conducted to examine the Effect of Solution-Oriented Approach on Attitudes of Violence Against Women in High School Students. Materials and methodsThe research was designed as a pretest-posttest and repeated-measurement randomized controlled experimental study. The population of the research consisted of 1473 students studying at 5 high schools randomly selected from a city center. Out of these students, 166 students who did not accept the study or did not meet the research criteria were excluded, and the school numbers of the remaining 1307 students were numbered separately for girls and boys, and 90 (45 girls and 45 boys) students were included in the study by simple randomization method. Personal Information Form and Violence Against Women Attitude Scale (İSKEBE) were used to collect data. ResultsBefore the program, the personal characteristics of the control and experimental group students were similar in terms of İSKEBE and subscale scores. Significant differences were found between the groups in the Attitude Toward Identity, Attitude Toward Body sub-dimensions, and the total scores of İSKEBE of the scale used to collect data in the post-program and follow-up test (p < 0.05). ConclusionIt was seen that the solution-oriented approach applied to high school students had positive effects on the students' attitudes toward violence against women. In this context, it is thought that this study will develop a new perspective in breaking the cycle of violence against women.

Spatial clustering of domestic violence attitudes toward women in Ghana.

Violence against women is a global public health issue associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The United Nations defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life". There is paucity of data on the spatial distribution and predictors of violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to investigate the geographical distribution of attitudes toward wife beating in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African country, utilizing data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Participants from over eleven thousand households were surveyed on topics of demographics and justification of wife beating in at least one of five different scenarios. The identification of geographic clusters of men and women who endorsed wife beating was performed using Ripley K functions. The comparison of the spatial distributions of women and men justifying wife beating were performed using spatial relative risk surfaces. The spatial analysis indicated the presence of clusters in women and men's approval for wife beating compared to those who do not approve of wife beating, with a statistical significance level set at p < 0.01. Major spatial clusters of approval of wife beating were in the Northern region, for both men and women, and in the Upper West region of Ghana for the men participants. This is the first study to explore the geographical distribution of attitudes toward wife beating in Ghana, and revealed evidence of several regional heterogeneous clusters where wife beating was more commonly justified by both men and women. Targeted intervention for reducing the justification of wife beating in Ghana should be focused in these regions.

The cycle of violence: effects of violence experience, behavior, and attitudes on adolescents’ peer rejection networks

Previous research on adolescent peer networks has mainly focused on friendship networks and their association with violence, but very limited research is available on peer rejection networks. This lack of knowledge hinders the effectiveness of preventing peer rejection and its negative effects. Based on the theory of the cycle of violence, the present study examines the extent to which parental physical abuse experiences, aggressive behavior toward peers and acceptance of violence are related to peer rejection networks at school. Social network analysis with a stochastic actor-oriented model of longitudinal data collected from high school students (Wave 1, n = 620; Wave 2, n = 590) confirms that adolescents who frequently use aggression toward their peers are more likely to be rejected, especially if those adolescents have experienced abuse. Similarly, peers are more likely to reject adolescents with high levels of accepting violence. The results also show that aggression toward peers generally tends to decrease over time but not for adolescents who reject a larger number of students. For students who reject many peers, aggression frequency increases. From the perspective of resilience theory, peer rejection, when combined with aggression toward peers and acceptance of violence, particularly in female adolescents, creates a significant risk factor for socio-emotional development. Therefore, tackling violence attitudes, experiences and behavior in the school environment and at home is crucial in overcoming the cycle of violence.

Still waters run deep: self-control as a moderator of dark personality traits for antisocial conduct and violent attitudes

ABSTRACT Although self-control is frequently comorbid with other antisocial features, some individuals who exhibit psychological risk factors for antisocial conduct nevertheless have relatively high self-control. With this complexity in mind, the current study examined self-control as a potential moderator of antisociality/criminality features and violent attitudes using a community sample of 354 adult participants from Portugal. We found significant evidence that self-control moderates the dark core of personality when predicting antisociality/criminality, but not when predicting violent attitudes. We also found self-control moderates psychopathy when predicting antisocialty/criminality, but self-control had more robust moderation effects for violent attitudes. Specifically, self-control moderated narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Self-control did not moderate Machiavellianism in either model. Findings corroborate the notion that self-control plays an important role in moderating some dark traits of personality that are significant predictors for antisocial/criminal behaviors.

Examining the Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Community Level Correlates of Access to Medical Care Among Women Employed by Sex Work in Southern Uganda: A cross-sectional Analysis of the Kyaterekera Study.

Women employed by sex work (WESW) experience significant gaps in accessing necessary healthcare services, leading to unmet health needs. Yet, there is a dearth of literature on the barriers to medical care access among WESW in Uganda. We used data from the Kyaterekera baseline to examine the correlates of access to medical care among WESW, defined as the ability of individuals to obtain the necessary healthcare services they require in a timely, affordable, and equitable manner. The Kyaterekera study recruited 542 WESW aged 18-58 years from Southern Uganda. We conducted a multilevel linear regression model to determine the intrapersonal (age, education level, marital status, HIV knowledge, and asset ownership), interpersonal (family cohesion and domestic violence attitudes), and community (community satisfaction, sex work stigma and distance to health facility) level correlates of access to medical care among WESW. Intrapersonal and interpersonal factors were associated with access to medical care among WESW. There was no significant association between community level factors and access to medical care. WESW with secondary education (β = 0.928, 95% CI = 0.007, 1.849) were associated with increased access to medical care. WESW with high asset ownership (β = -1.154, 95% CI= -1.903, -0.405), high family cohesion (β = -0.069, 95% CI= -0.106, -0.031), and high domestic violence attitudes (β = -0.253, 95% CI= -0.438, -0.068) were associated with decreased access to medical care. The findings emphasize the critical need for targeted family strengthening interventions to enhance family support for WESW and address domestic violence.

Nursing students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence and its relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy

Understanding nursing students’ attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is pivotal because it may impact the care and support, they provide victims. This study aimed to explore nursing students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence and its relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used in the current study in the faculty of nursing at Mansoura University, Egypt. A total of 1322 nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from April to June 2023 by using various tools: sociodemographic interviews and academic data profiles, the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (IPVAS)—Revised, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (Arabic version), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The findings show the distribution of the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (IPVAS), with 78.7% of nursing students disapproving of the abuse domain, 72.6% (approving of the violence domain) and 34.2% approving of the control domain. 65.8% had a moderate level of self-esteem, and 62.8% had a low level of self-efficacy. The study concluded that self-esteem and self-efficacy are significant in shaping attitudes toward intimate partner violence; higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy are associated with lower approval for intimate partner violence. Further research is needed to explore the factors that contribute to attitudes and levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy among nursing students. It would also be useful to study how education and training affect these attitudes.

Slaughterhouse workers, bullfighters, and cockfighters in Ecuador: paradoxical moral and affective action on non-human animals

ABSTRACT The process of killing non-human animals demands certain psychosocial, affective, and moral processes. In the case of so-called ‘death-saturated environments’, psychic numbing and systematic desensitisation related to violent attitudes and behaviours against non-human animals acquire contradictory dimensions. To understand these processes in depth, this article proposes a theoretical perspective based on the social psychology of human-animal relations. Empirically, the study examines the experiences, attitudes, and worldviews of men in Ecuador whose jobs involve inflicting pain and death on animals and focuses on the ways in which these subjects deal with ‘moral stress’ and ‘the caring-killing paradox’. It examines how slaughterhouse workers, bullfighters, and cockfighters establish ambivalent relationships with the animals, characterised by a certain paradoxical moral and affective action. Eleven in-depth interviews, lasting one to three hours, were conducted for this purpose, and are analysed through the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti, using thematic analysis as a qualitative research technique.