Violence Toward Research Articles

Patient and Visitor-Associated Violence Toward Health Care Workers in a Children's Health System.

Patient and Visitor-Associated Violence Toward Health Care Workers in a Children's Health System.

Sexualized Violence Toward Children and Adolescents: The Visibility and Implementation of Safeguarding Concepts in Sports, Music, and Church

Sexualized Violence Toward Children and Adolescents: The Visibility and Implementation of Safeguarding Concepts in Sports, Music, and Church Abstract: Objective: In 2010, the disclosure of sexualized violence in educational organizations led to a public debate and calls for safeguarding concepts against sexualized violence toward children and adolescents. However, there have been few efforts to systematically record the visibility, availability, and implementation of such concepts. We used a broad Google search and a telephone survey as an initial approach to close this research gap. Method: In a systematic Google search and a telephone survey (N = 50), we identified and examined safeguarding concepts against sexualized violence toward children and adolescents in the context of religious organizations, sports, and musical education regarding its visibility, availability, and implementation level. Results: The results of our systematic internet research show a low hit rate of identified safeguarding concepts in all contexts. The low number of search hits indicates that the issue of sexualized violence toward children and adolescents has been inadequately addressed in many institutions, and that protective measures have been neglected. The supplementary results of the telephone survey suggest a low implementation level within organizations and a low availability of existing safeguarding concepts.

Combinations of Parent-Related Risk Factors Explaining Family Violence Toward Children and Spouse.

The purpose of the study was to investigate parent-related risk factor combinations that explain family violence (FV), which refers to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment (CM). The data were collected from parents with a 4-year-old child using a nationwide retrospective cross-sectional survey conducted in Finland (FinChildren) (N = 10,737). The research questions were as follows: (a) How are parent-related risk factors associated with FV against children and the spouse? (b) How does the accumulation of parent-related risk factors within three risk factor clusters explain FV? Analyses were carried out using cross-tabulations with χ2 tests, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and binary logistic regression analyses. The risk factor clusters built based on the EFA were as follows: parental well-being, parent's childhood adversities, and parent's health. Our results indicated that even a single risk factor predicted the likelihood of FV. In the well-being risk factor cluster, the odds for the occurrence of FV in parents with one well-being risk factor were double (odds ratios [OR] = 2.21; confidence intervals [CI]: [1.99, 2.45]) and in parents with at least four risk factors was six times (OR = 6.05; CI: [4.48, 8.18]) compared to those with no risk factor. We concluded that (a) the more different risk factors parents had, the more likely they were to report FV and (b) the accumulation of risk factors for well-being contributes most to the occurrence of the risk of FV. As a result, we emphasize the importance of identifying families with concurrent risk factors. However, any individual concerns must be addressed with parents and they must be supported in coping with their everyday life.

Workplace Violence Toward Doctors Working in Obstetrics and Gynecology Emergency Units in Khartoum North Locality, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Workplace violence (WPV) is any action, incident, or behavior that deviates from appropriate conduct and results in a person getting assaulted, threatened, harmed, or injured at work. This research aimed at studying the current state of WPV among doctors working in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) emergency departments (EDs) in Khartoum north locality (KNL), Sudan Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that included 128 doctors from six governmental hospitals in KNL. A self-administered questionnaire assessing the prevalence and outcomes of WPV was distributed. The descriptive statistics and frequency tables were generated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21(IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: The respondents' mean age was 28.3±6.6 years (range: 21-70 years). Approximately half of the respondents (49.2%) experienced WPV. Verbal WPV was the most common type (93.3%), followed by physical (10%) and sexual (3.2%) type. Patients' relatives and friends are the most common group to commit WPV (92.9%). Night shifts were the time most WPV (58.6%) took place. The effect of WPV on respondents was mainly psychological (95.8%) compared to physical (4.2%). Conclusion: WPV prevalence among health care workers (HCWs) working in the OBGYN EDs is alarming with detrimental effects. Evaluating the current state of WPV, outcome, and associated factors will help not only address the current problem but also guide future related research.

Intrapersonal Predictors of Physical Violence Toward and Sexual Assault of Lesbian and Bisexual Women and the Associated Mental Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to identify the prevalence and intrapersonal predictors of physical violence toward and sexual assault of lesbian and bisexual women and the associated mental health outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 497 U.S.-based lesbian and bisexual women, who completed an online survey during January-February 2022, to investigate physical violence and sexual assault and mental health outcomes. Chi-square, independent-samples t-tests, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression were utilized. Results: More than 25% of the sample reported being the victim of physical violence or sexual assault because of their sexual orientation in the past 12 months. Social support decreased the probability and being out increased the probability of all forms of physical violence and sexual assault (all p < 0.01). Having less educational attainment increased the probability of being punched, hit, kicked, or beaten; assaulted with a weapon; or being sexually assaulted, while living in the Northeast increased the probability of being punched, hit, kicked, or beaten; assaulted with a weapon; or having objects thrown at them (all p < 0.05). Significantly higher mean scores for suicidal ideation were reported by those who had been victims of sexual assault because of their sexual orientation in the past 12 months (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Interventions to address physical violence toward and sexual assault of lesbian and bisexual women should include increasing social support and protections for those who are out about their sexual orientation. In addition, lesbian and bisexual women who experience sexual assault may need resources to address suicidal ideation.

Challenging Texts With Violence Toward Women: Lamentations and Comfort Woman in Feminist Postcolonial Perspective

Abstract: Postcolonial feminist hermeneutics presents many challenges to the traditional interpretation of Bible passages. Recognizing the ethical issues in Old Testament metaphors about unclean and unfaithful women, readers now contemplate how to understand and accept in modern times these texts that reveal disenfranchised and excluded voices. This study deals with the violence inflicted on women under the guise of reasonable punishment and its unavoidable results as these are narrated in cultural contexts. This study uses a postcolonial feminist perspective to examine how the book of Lamentations and the novel Comfort Woman reveal the violence, oppression, and forced silence imposed on women. In addition, through finding the value in both the witness to and resistance to suffering, as well as through exploring participation in suffering, this study probes how to dismantle the structure of colonialism that reduces women to victims and offers an alternative reading of the biblical script that in the past has justified violence against women.

Challenging Texts With Violence Toward Women: Lamentations and Comfort Woman in Feminist Postcolonial Perspective

Abstract: Postcolonial feminist hermeneutics presents many challenges to the traditional interpretation of Bible passages. Recognizing the ethical issues in Old Testament metaphors about unclean and unfaithful women, readers now contemplate how to understand and accept in modern times these texts that reveal disenfranchised and excluded voices. This study deals with the violence inflicted on women under the guise of reasonable punishment and its unavoidable results as these are narrated in cultural contexts. This study uses a postcolonial feminist perspective to examine how the book of Lamentations and the novel Comfort Woman reveal the violence, oppression, and forced silence imposed on women. In addition, through finding the value in both the witness to and resistance to suffering, as well as through exploring participation in suffering, this study probes how to dismantle the structure of colonialism that reduces women to victims and offers an alternative reading of the biblical script that in the past has justified violence against women.

Symbolic Violence Toward the Main Character Bianca Pieper in The Script of The Movie The Duff (2015)

This study aims to describe the symbolic violence experienced by Bianca Pieper and Bianca Pieper's response to symbolic violence. Symbolic violence is invisible violence because it is not physical violence. Symbolic violence is carried out by a person or group that dominates another class and results in a violent process. The problem is that Bianca Pieper, the main character in The Duff, experiences symbolic violence and how she responds to this symbolic violence. The method used to collect data is a movie script. Data analysis techniques carried out descriptively, then followed by conclusion. In conclusion, it shows that Bianca Pieper received symbolic violence from the people around her, such as her friends. In addition, the writer knows how Bianca reacted to the symbolic violence she experienced.

Violence Toward and by Youth: Part I: Looking for the "Whys".

Violence is a public health crisis. It is especially concerning when it involves youth, whether they be victims, perpetrators, or observers. Part 1 of this two-part series categorizes the types of violence toward and by youth. There is a great deal of information on the prevalence of violence, mostly related to school shootings. However, the literature provides limited information on the antecedents of violent behaviors, and there is a dearth of information on "why" youth engage in violence. This is the unanswered question that drives Part 1 of this series. The beginning steps to understand "why" are viewed through the lens of a modified ABC Model (antecedent, behavior, consequence). Interventions for youth violence will be explored in Part 2.

Violence Toward and by Youth: Part II: Recommendations for Violence Interventions in the School Setting.

Violence toward and by youth is a public health crisis that can partially be addressed by the modified Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence (ABC) Model. Part I of this two-part series discussed the types of violence and the risk and protective factors that affect the prevalence of violence; it also addressed the emotions and thoughts that occur before the behaviors to help explain "why" youth engage in violence. Part II focuses on possible interventions by the school nurse and school staff. The modified ABC Model allows school nurses to focus on interventions that address the emotions and thoughts resulting from the antecedents as well as promote protective factors. Through their role in primary prevention, school nurses can also address risk factors for violence and participate in school and the wider community's efforts to mitigate violence.

Profiles of Teenage Athletes' Exposure to Violence in Sport: An Analysis of Their Sport Practice, Athletic Behaviors, and Mental Health.

Violence in sport is a major social issue generating great interest in research over the last 10 years. Studies to date highlight various forms and manifestations of violence in the lives of teenagers practicing individual or team sports, in competitive and recreational contexts. Although allegations of sexual violence involving coaches most often reach media attention, psychological and physical violence involving teammates, parents, and coaches are also prevalent. While profiles of offenders in the sport context have contributed to a better understanding of the issue, similar profiles need to be elaborated for young victims to delineate varying degrees of risk, adaptation, and needs. Latent class analyses were conducted to empirically identify different patterns of exposure to violence in sport from a sample of 1057 athletes aged 14-17 years. Teenagers participated in an online survey assessing their experiences of violence using the Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire. Results highlighted three different profiles of victimization in the sport context: (a) a non-victimized profile constituting only 37% of the sample; (b) a profile representing 52% of the sample that is mainly exposed to psychological violence by teammates, coaches, and parents; and (c) a "poly-victimized" profile, representing 10% of the sample, that is exposed to all forms of violence at the hands of various perpetrators (teammates, coaches, and parents). The identified profiles were compared according to different indicators of sport practice, athletic behaviors, and mental health. This study delineates the influence of single and multiple forms of violence and its compound consequences on mental health and sport-related behaviors, thus portraying various degrees of need for tailored prevention and intervention measures.

Analysis of Hidden Violence Toward Female Student, A Case Study of: State Senior High School 1 Turi

There are many incidents that can be implied as an example of violence. Generally, female student tends to choose friend by several similarity, for those who have not the similarity will be isolated. Students with a low level of social class commonly will be regarded as outsiders in the classroom. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the form of violence occurs toward female students at state senior high school 1 Turi. This research used qualitative method. The subject research is female students at state senior high school 1 Turi experiencing the violence. The source of data is obtained through primary and secondary data and the technique of data collection is interview. The technique of data validity in this research used triangulation data. Meanwhile, the technique of data analysis used reduction of data, data presentation and making conclusion. Based on the finding of the research, it shows that the form of violence that often occurs in state senior high school 1 Turi is physically domination skill, verbal skill, social as well as status in mate group. Female students prefer to using the verbal skill such as quipping by making presumption which is suitable with the actor’s desire.

Epistemic Violence Toward Immigrant Women in Iceland: Silencing, Smothering, and Linguistic Deficit

This paper is an examination of how stories shared as a result of the #metoo movement in Iceland exemplify aspects of how culture and institutions in Iceland are complicit in the silencing of immigrant women who experience violence, both in intimate partner and employment situations. Through a critical analysis of 10 of the narratives shared by immigrant women in Iceland, the authors explore how testimonial smothering and silencing are both producing and reproducing epistemic violence in the women’s lives. We argue that the focus on linguistic purity of the Icelandic language maintains these exclusionary practices. Recognition of hegemonic practices is important in the continued development of a more equitable society and a first step in the inclusion of diverse voices in the continued development of the diversifying Icelandic knowledge society.

Myths Concerning Sexual Violence Toward Women in Poland, Hungary, and Norway in the Context of System Justification Theory: The Role of Beliefs in the Biological Origins of Gender Differences and Ambivalent Sexism

The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes toward rape in Poland, Hungary, and Norway. Based on system justification theory, we examined whether country of origin predicts levels of rape myth acceptance, beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences, and ambivalent sexism. There is also some evidence that beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences predict rape myth among Polish students and that this relationship is mediated by hostile sexism. The current study aimed to test whether this model can be applied to other countries. Participants (N = 266) were from Poland, Hungary, and Norway. The study was conducted online. The dependent and independent variables were measured with questionnaires. Polish participants had significantly higher levels of rape myth acceptance, beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences, and ambivalent sexism than Norwegian and Hungarian participants. Our proposed model was confirmed: belief in the biological origins of gender differences was associated with rape myth acceptance, with hostile sexism as a mediator. Benevolent sexism also turned out to be a mediator between beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences and rape myth acceptance. The mediational model of the relationship between beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences and rape myth acceptance can be applied to all three countries. This result suggests that anti-rape educational interventions should take into account the role of culture and society in the construction of gender differences.

Horizontal Violence Toward Emergency Medicine Residents: Gender as a Risk Factor.

IntroductionHorizontal violence (HV) is defined as “persistent exposure to interpersonal aggression and mistreatment from colleagues.” Our objective in this pilot, single-site study was to identify sources of HV toward emergency medicine (EM) residents, using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R).MethodsIn this investigation we used a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to categorize HV. All voluntary participants were residents in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved, three-year academic EM residency. Data were collected via electronic survey and occurred six months into an academic year. We collected demographic information and responses to the NAQ-R in 2020. Horizontal violence is subdivided into three categories: work-related; person-related; and physical intimidation. Emergency medicine residents answered questions as they related to their interactions with residents and support staff, which included nursing.ResultsA total of 23 of 26 residents responded (89%). Participants were 56% women, 78% white, 11% Hispanic, and 89% heterosexual. Participant clinical year was 39% first-, 39% second-, and 22% third-year residents. Women reported a higher frequency of HV compared to men (1.3 vs 1.1, P =.01). By category, women indicated higher incidence of work-related violence from other residents (P = .05) and staff (P =.02). There was no difference in reported frequency of violence for interns compared to senior residents.ConclusionOur pilot study demonstrated horizontal violence toward EM residents exists and is more prevalent in women.

Sources of Conflict and Prevention Proposals in User Violence Toward Primary Care Staff: A Qualitative Study of the Perception of Professionals.

BackgroundSome studies indicate that at least one in four cases of workplace violence occurs in the health sector, with a higher incidence in Emergency Departments, Mental Health Services or Primary Care. Unlike other professional groups, healthcare workers perceive this type of behavior mainly from users or patients. This is the reason why both the detection of conflict between users and professionals and the ways to face and reduce these conflicts has been and is one of the main fields of study in this population. The aim of this study was to delve into the sources of conflict between users and professionals in Primary Care from the perspective of the professionals themselves. In addition, the aim was to explore the proposals for intervention/prevention of this conflict that the professionals perceived as necessary to improve the work environment.MethodsThis study uses qualitative methodology conducting 8 focus groups with professionals related to Primary Health Care. The final sample was composed of 44 workers who were part of the regional management, labor unions, area coordinators, center coordinators and representatives of the professional groups of these centers (medicine, nursing and administration). Thematic analysis was used to extract topics and subtopics.ResultsThe results are divided into areas of conflict and intervention proposals. The professionals detect a lack of training or education in themselves, absence of functional multidisciplinary teams or competencies to improve the patient-professional relationship, among others. To address these shortcomings, they propose the creation of protocols for action in the face of aggression, the formation of spaces and channels of communication both among the center's own workers and between them and other organizations (e.g., hospitals), fostering a positive relationship with the user community and ongoing training in various topics such as self-safety, management of emotions, empathy or interpersonal communication.ConclusionsThis study allows to highlight specific areas of user-professional conflict in Primary Care. Furthermore, the inclusion of intervention proposals by the professionals allows to propose starting points for the development of complete plans.

Book Review: Esther Hertzog – State Violence Toward Mothers and Children

Book Review: Esther Hertzog – State Violence Toward Mothers and Children

Reframing Older Adults’ Violence Toward Staff as Self-Protection

One of the first studies on workplace violence in nursing homes was published in 1985. Forty-five (45) years later, resident violence against staff continues to increase in incidence and severity. At the request of a state senator, a New Hampshire psychiatrist formed a research group to conduct the first New Hampshire survey on staff experience of workplace violence. Study questions focused on experiences of workplace violence and incident reporting, and the availability and benefit of workplace violence training programs. Results were consistent with recently published literature: violence is an expected, normalized element when providing care; potential repercussions and perceived resident lack of intent were major reasons for incident non-reporting. Analysis of study results and review of the literature led to the question: Are older residents’ violent behaviors towards staff an act of self-protection?

Undue Police Violence Toward African Americans: An Analysis of Professional Counselors' Training and Perceptions

There has been increasing attention on excessive force by law enforcement because of the disproportionate impact on African Americans compared with other races. Undue police violence (UPV) is described as the use of force by the police resulting in physical, psychological, or emotional harm. This cross‐sectional study used descriptive and correlational analyses to explore the beliefs, knowledge, and skills of counselors associated with UPV. A sample of 112 individuals completed the Awareness of Undue Police Violence Survey, Attitudes Towards Police Legitimacy Scale (Reynolds et al., 2018), and Perceived Racism Scale (McNeilly, Anderson, Armstead, et al., 1996). Results showed that although 68% of counselors have worked with clients with UPV experiences, most have not engaged in advocacy efforts. Results also showed that beliefs held about UPV have a negative relationship with beliefs about officer legitimacy and a positive relationship with perceived racism. Recommendations for researchers and counselors are provided.

Interventions to Address and Prevent Violence Toward Health Care Workers in the Emergency Department

&#x0D; Seven relevant systematic reviews (SRs) regarding interventions to address and prevent violence in the emergency department (ED) were identified. However, these SRs had a broad focus, and the included studies that were relevant for this current report were few and were generally of low quality.&#x0D; Findings were inconsistent regarding education and training interventions for preventing violence in the ED; most relevant primary studies within identified SRs showed there was no difference in the occurrence of violence with interventions including education and training, and a few primary studies reported a reduction in the occurrence violence with interventions including education and training; however, statistical significance of the difference was not reported.&#x0D; Pharmacological interventions with haloperidol, lorazepam, droperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine were effective in reducing aggressive behaviour and side effects were generally minimal.&#x0D; Implementation of restraint documentation tools was associated with decrease in use of physical restraints to manage aggressive behaviour, and complications were minimal when physical restraints were used for a short duration.&#x0D; These findings need to be interpreted with caution considering the limitations such as limited quantity and quality of evidence, and lack of details regarding the characteristics of the population.&#x0D; No evidence-based guidelines were identified.&#x0D;