Violence In Perspective Research Articles

"We're Going to Start Healing": Perceptions of Sexual Violence on a Rural Indian Reservation in the Northern Great Plains.

Indigenous people experience disproportionally higher rates of sexual violence, but we know little about how to prevent sexual violence among this population. The purpose of this study was to understand the perspectives (e.g., causes, prevention) of sexual violence among an Indigenous community residing on a large rural Indian Reservation in the Northern Great Plains. The study conducted seven focus groups with adults, high school students, and middle school students, and a thematic analysis approach was used to assess the gestalt of the data. Three primary themes emerged from the data: (a) causes of sexual violence, (b) characteristics and contexts of sexual violence, and (c) prevention of sexual violence. Specifically, Indigenous relatives desired sexual violence education; however, there was agreement that there is a lack of programming or education from schools and community organizations. Notably, adults focused on how colonization affected the attitudes and behaviors related to sexual violence and the importance of empowering youth. Adolescent boys believed that the general acceptance of physical violence and bullying in their community led to a culture of ambivalence and distrust of sexual assault disclosures. Adolescent girls referenced how gender and social norms that subjugate women/girls have led to rape myth acceptance and victim-blaming. Findings highlight the need for empowerment-based, culturally grounded, gender transformative prevention programs to address the social biases and gender norms that contribute to sexual violence while promoting cultural strengths and community among youth. This research has important implications for informing sexual violence prevention programming across Indian country.

Gender Justice in Saudi Arabia: Sociotechnical Institutions' Approach to Addressing Domestic Violence Against Women and Men

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of a sociotechnical institutional approach in overcoming domestic violence against women and men in Saudi Arabia with a focus on achieving gender justice. This research uses an extensive literature review method by examining scientific literature, official documents, and reports from various sources to gain an in-depth understanding of this problem. This analysis involves a synthesis of literature findings to understand the dynamics of domestic violence and the effectiveness of sociotechnical strategies in promoting gender justice in Saudi Arabia. The research results show that domestic violence is a global phenomenon that is understood and handled with different approaches from Islamic, Feminist and Western perspectives. The Islamic perspective emphasizes the values of justice, respect and reconciliation in marital relations, as well as fighting for women's rights and opposing violence within the framework of religious teachings. Feminist approaches, particularly in Western contexts, highlight gender-based power dynamics and urge to address inequality as a root cause of domestic violence. In addition, the family violence perspective and ecological violence theory offer a broader view of this issue. In Saudi Arabia, the role of sociotechnical institutions is very important in overcoming the problem of domestic violence. A multidisciplinary approach that includes technology, legal reform, education, and community support contributes to creating a safer and more supportive environment for women. This research concludes that a sociotechnical institutional approach can be an effective strategy in achieving gender justice and reducing domestic violence in Saudi Arabia.

Implications of the stigma of mental illness for professional knowledge development and practice: An Interprofessional Health Education framework from structural violence perspectives

AbstractPersons with mental illness (PWMI) continue to encounter stigma from the public with negative outcomes. Recent stigma discourse points to power differentials as key in shaping stigma related to mental illness within social settings. The perceived social injustice towards PWMI is known to exist both anecdotally and in documented discourses. Stigma constitutes the product of public attitudes and behaviors that characterize labeling, stereotyping, prejudice, cognitive separation, status loss, and discrimination that lead to responses that may include stress and esteem‐related appraisal of experienced, anticipated, perceived, or personal endorsement of societal actions that are anchored by existing power relational differentials. The potential consequence of such societal injustices (unfair treatments) towards PWMI may result in stigma and its sequels, including low socioeconomic status, stress, low self‐esteem, unemployment, homelessness, exclusion, and human rights abuse. This paper proposes an Interprofessional Health Education framework and discusses the implications of such unfair social treatments for Professional knowledge development and practice among healthcare professionals, with the view to improving collaboration and patient care outcomes. A more collaborative model of care, where service users and clinicians regard each other as knowledgeable with shared power to achieve healthy outcomes, empowers patients even more in areas where they fall short.

The COVID-19 pandemic, Women and Mental Health in Zimbabwe: A Gender-Based Violence perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic, Women and Mental Health in Zimbabwe: A Gender-Based Violence perspective

Women’s Daily Life in the Occupation: Sexual Violence in Documents and Soviet Propaganda

The problem of sexual violence in the occupied Soviet territories during the Great Patriotic War is an under-researched and taboo subject in the Russian public sphere. It is viewed either from the perspective of collaboration in prostitution and cohabitation, or from the perspective of gender discrimination and sexual violence. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to differentiate these features of women’s everyday life under the conditions of the “war of annihilation”. Based on the documents of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders, partisan reports, and other documents, as well as articles from the wartime periodical press, the author compares images of sexual violence with the practices of women’s everyday life under occupation. In the propaganda of the warring countries, the image of the abused female body was actively used to incite hatred of the enemy. Rape and the forcing of women under occupation to work in brothels were presented in this light. A comparison of propaganda images and specific facts of violence presented in official and ego-documents shows the existence of discrepancies between images and practices. While rape was fairly accurately portrayed in official texts, the problem of prostitution was less accurately reflected in reality. Individual women used their bodies as a means of survival and received various material benefits in return. The population did not perceive legal prostitution in the categories of propaganda and interpreted it as a betrayal. Although some decrees were passed during the war in both Germany and the USSR that treated violence against women as a crime, women were not recognised as victims in the Soviet public trials or at the Nuremberg Tribunal and did not receive compensation. During the transition to peace, the problem of sexual violence lost its pragmatic propaganda function and was excluded from the collective memory. Nevertheless, the increase in violence against women during the Second World War led to the adoption of the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Victims of War in 1949, which was ratified by the Soviet Union in 1954.

THE ROLE OF GENDER STUDIES CENTER AND CHILD (PSGA) IAIN SALATIGA IN PREVENTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID SYARIAH

Sexual violence and harassment is a very inhumane act. This is a violation of both religious and state regulations. Nowadays, there are so many cases of sexual violence committed by perpetrators. Cases of sexual violence can take various forms of women, for example rape. In fact, this case does not only happen to adult women but also to children who are still underage. In essence, woman is a noble figure who must be protected. Therefore, the researcher has two questions related to this research, that : What steps does the PSGA take in preventing sexual violence and what is the role of PSGA in preventing sexual violence perspective of Maqasid Sharia. This research uses a type of qualitative research, namely research that aims to understand phenomena about what is experienced by research subjects, for example behavior, perceptions, motivations, actions, etc., holistically, and in a descriptive way in form of words and language, in a special natural context and by utilizing various natural methods. The results of this research are first steps of PSGA in preventing sexual violence, that: socialization, holding training, conducting counseling, having campus regulations, preparing guidelines related to sexual violence, making SOP (Standard operating procedure) and forming student agents. These are the steps that have been taken by PSGA to prevent sexual violence. Second, role of PSGA in preventing sexual violence has been carried out well through: As the leading sector (driving force) for violence prevention at IAIN Salatiga, as the person responsible for socializing prevention of sexual violence and drafting regulations of Chancellor regarding prevention and handling of sexual violence. These roles, when viewed from the perspective of Maqasid Sharia, basically have same goal as one of the goals of Maqasid Sharia that to protect the soul and descendant. Because if sexual violence does not occur, lives and descendant can be protected, which is what the PSGA actually hopes for.

Conceptualizing and Developing a Dynamic Stigma Theory

Stigma is a form of injustice that contributes to the worsening course of the symptoms associated with mental health problems. The paper discusses the conceptualization and development of a contemporary theoretical model of stigma. Building on the findings of an initial scoping review, the author developed a theoretical model after thoroughly analyzing and redefining the key concepts of interest. This article proposes that stigmatized individuals are impacted by the religiocultural and structural violence perspectives embedded within social spaces, leading to stigma perception appraisal and subsequent coping mechanisms, which could be adaptive or maladaptive. Current models of mental illness stigma have gaps. It is time to relook at existing stigma frameworks and fill these gaps that have existed for many years for effective anti-stigma strategies.

‘It was horrible to watch, horrible to be a part of’: Midwives’ perspectives of obstetric violence

BackgroundObstetric violence, including unconsented interventions, coercion and disrespect, violates human rights; impacting the physical and psychosocial health of women. The perspective and experience of midwives related to obstetric violence have been explored in low and middle-income countries, with limited research into the experience of midwives in high income nations. AimTo explore Australian midwives’ perspectives of obstetric violence. MethodsThematic analysis of qualitative in-depth interviews with 15 midwives experienced in supporting women during birth. Critical feminist theory underpinned each stage of the research. FindingsInterviews with 15 Australian midwives from diverse care settings were analysed thematically. Four key themes were developed from the data: ‘the operationalisation of obstetric violence’, ‘the impact of obstetric violence’ ‘the historical and situational context’ and ‘hope for the future’. Midwives considered entrenched patriarchal structures and gender inequity as fundamental to the occurrence of obstetric violence. This societal scaffold is intensified within health care systems where power imbalances facilitate maternal mistreatment through coercion and grooming women for compliance in the antenatal period. Fragmented care models expose women to mistreatment with continuity models being protective only to a point. Midwives experience their own trauma, as a result of what they have witnessed, and due to the lack of support they receive when advocating for women. ConclusionsObstetric violence occurs in Australian maternity systems with unconsented interventions, overmedicalisation, coercion, and disrespect observed by midwives. Care-related trauma impacts on the mental health of midwives, raising workforce concerns for policy makers, consumer advocates and professional bodies.

Application of Diversion to Children as Perpetrators of Crimes of Sexual Violence Perspective of Positive Law and Islamic Law (Case Study at Jambi Police)

Application of Diversion to Children as Perpetrators of Crimes of Sexual Violence Perspective of Positive Law and Islamic Law (Case Study at Jambi Police)

Undergraduate Students’ Definitions of Sexual Violence Labels Across the Rise of the #MeToo Movement

Examining changes in perspectives of sexual violence across the #MeToo movement is critical to understanding shifts in sociocultural contexts of sexual violence; yet the literature is still nascent. In the present study, we assessed variation across the #MeToo movement in undergraduate students’ ( N = 1,028) rape myth acceptance, sexual violence experiences, identification of experiences with sexual violence labels, and self-generated definitions of sexual violence labels (e.g., sexual assault). We also examined the mediating role of the relation between timepoint across #MeToo and students’ self-generated sexual violence definitions. Text analyses revealed seven themes in students’ definitions: Activity, Chronicity, Body, Contact, Gender, Force/Harm, and Consent. Notably, there was greater representation and a higher rate of change in the Contact theme in definitions following the #MeToo movement compared to pre-#MeToo, but only among students with sexual violence history. Rape myth acceptance did not change significantly across the #MeToo movement and did not demonstrate a significant role in time-related variability in students’ definitions. These findings provide support for the role of the #MeToo movement in facilitating more inclusive perceptions of sexual violence among undergraduate students, especially among those with sexual violence histories. We hope that with increased insight into the #MeToo movement's impact on sexual violence perspectives, continued efforts of the movement and prevention initiatives can broaden their reach.

“Invisible Deaths”: A Critical Analysis of the Study of Prison Homicide

Prison homicide, or homicides that occur between individuals who are incarcerated, has received a dearth of attention in scholarly literature. These homicides have increased over the past several decades with devastating consequences for those housed within prison walls, correctional and administrative staff, the families of those incarcerated, and the communities from which they are removed. Perpetrators of prison homicides often continue to engage in violence despite incapacitation, calling into question the ability of the state to house individuals safely. When fatal violence occurs, victims of these homicides are constructed as deserving of violence. Drawing from critical criminological perspectives of state-sanctioned violence, I argue that treatment of these victims affects the legitimacy of the criminal justice system and public safety.

Lifestyle Construction in Coffee Shops in Malang City from the Perspective of Symbolic Violence

The coffee shop industry is experiencing rapid growth as coffee consumption increases in Indonesia. The focus of this research is Malang City, which is the center of coffee shop growth in Indonesia. Through a cultural studies paradigm approach, this research aims to understand the construction process of coffee consumer lifestyles in Malang City. This phenomenon marks a shift in consumer behavior from necessity to a sub-culture where coffee shops are not only a gathering place, but also a symbol of self-identity and an urban lifestyle. The research used visual methods with 6 participants from two different coffee shops. The data collection process focused on coffee shops, interior design, consumers, and visual elements that influence lifestyle. The concept of Pierre Bourdieu's social praxis theory is used as an analytical framework to understand the construction of lifestyle and the role of symbolic power. The research results show that the existence of coffee shops influences culture and lifestyle in Malang City. Starbucks, as the main agent, shapes the values and standards adopted by local coffee shops such as Amstirdam. Patterns of symbolic violence emerge in consumer clothing standards, depicting coffee shops not only as places to buy and sell coffee, but also as public spaces that shape identity and social norms. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of coffee shops in shaping lifestyle and culture in society.

Valorization of Violence in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart

This paper excavates the valorization of violence in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart through the anthropological perspective of violence. Things Fall Apart explores the pre-colonial Igbo land of Umuofia, Nigeria. The Umuofian culture glorifies the violence very highly and people of Umuofia even legitimize the homicide in the name of masculinity. Their cultural practices encourage not only inter-cultural clash and conflict but intra-cultural violence between and among its members. The protagonist of the novel, Okonkwo, is a respected warrior and clan leader of Umuofia. He frequently exhibits violent acts: he kills a fifteen-year-old boy Ikemefuna to prove his masculinity; at Ezeudu's funeral, Okonkwo's gun explodes and kills Ezeudu's son; he then slaughters a court messenger and finally commits suicide. Furthermore, Okonkwo kills several people in inter-racial wars. He severely beats his wives and children; he often quarrels with neighbors and engages himself in fierce wrestling matches. Umuofians' associate violence with manliness and if a man fails to perform it, he is considered a woman. The present reading thus, attempts to unveil violence and its glorification in the name of culture, masculinity, ritual sacrifice, and other kinds of communally sanctioned violence.

Sexual Consent in the Elimination of Sexual Violence Perspectives of Feminist Legal Theory and Islamic Law: A Comparative Study.

Sexual Consent in the Elimination of Sexual Violence Perspectives of Feminist Legal Theory and Islamic Law: A Comparative Study.

Child-led resistance in the streets of the global south: Decolonial perspectives of violence against children outside of family care

BackgroundViolence against children (VAC) remains an urgent global dilemma and researchers and policymakers alike continue to work tirelessly to devise strategies aiming to end VAC. However, the perspectives and expertise of children themselves remain underrepresented in the drafting and implementation of these strategies against VAC. This paper draws attention to the marginalization of children living outside of family care and centers their perspective. ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the forms of violence experienced by children living outside the family setting in Uganda, from the perspective of children themselves.The paper seeks to position the voicing of this perspective as a form of resistance against VAC from a decolonial perspective.Participants and Setting: The participatory research process included a total of 94 participants in various urban study sites in Kampala, Uganda. MethodsThe research team completed this qualitative study within a youth-driven participatory action research (YPAR) framework. Data collection techniques included interviews, focus groups, participatory visual methods and social cartography. ResultsChildren living outside of family care experience grave forms of emotional, physical and sexual violence. Child participants present survival strategies that can inform future research and policies on violence prevention practice. ConclusionsThe illustration of explicit violence outlined in this study represents a form of resistance children take against their perpetrators. The participatory youth researcher team urges future research and policy addressing VAC in Uganda to center these perspectives and expertise of children and adolescents in both programmatic and research initiatives aiming to end violence against children.

Examining the breaching of personal data in cyberspace from the perspective of psychological violence

The digital world has taken an active role in people’s lives day by day. In this context, information that directly or indirectly identifies the person has also found its place in the digital world. The right to privacy and the protection of personal data, which is also defined as a personal right, can be violated consciously or unconsciously in the digital world due to anonymity, speed and easy accessibility. When it comes to the illegal capture, sharing and use of personal information by others without their consent, people are sometimes unaware that these actions are against the law. However, data breach acts can cause emotional trauma on the person. Emotional effects can sometimes be much more severe and irreversible than physical effects. For this reason, I carried out my study on the importance of data security and that the violation of personal data can also cause psychological violence. The research was carried out online by creating a questionnaire as a data collection tool with the quantitative research method. As a study group, it was aimed to reach people over the age of 18 in Turkey. In order to address the problematic of the research, an online questionnaire was created via Google Forms and this questionnaire was distributed on the online network and 50 people, 22 female and 28 male, were reached from Turkey by random sampling method.In the survey, 17 multiple choice questions and 2 open ended questions were asked. The questions are prepared within the scope of the determination of whether the personal data of the individuals have been violated and the psychological effects on individuals whose personal data are violated.As a result; It is considered that the violation of personal data is directly proportional to the negative psychological effects on individuals.

Experience of Violence and Non-Electoral Political Participation Among Nigerians

Most studies on political participation suggest that social capital is an important factor for individuals to express their political agency. This study provides another perspective—the violence perspective. There has been a debate about the direction of the association between violence and political participation, and most of these studies have focused on electoral participation and civic engagement. This study seeks to examine how the experience of non-domestic violence (NDV) are associated with non-electoral political participation (NEP) in Nigeria. Using the seventh round of the Nigerian Afrobarometer dataset, findings from the study show that individuals who experienced NDV were more likely to be active in non-electoral political activities. The findings of this study have broader implications for the importance of the norms and values that inform engagement in the political realm, especially in developing countries.

Dating Violence from the Perspective of Symbolic Violence

Dating is a common phenomenon, even at a young age. Dating as a medium for channelling hormonal maturity from the development of biological and psychological elements in women and men, on the other hand, gives rise to Dating Violence (DV) behaviour. DV is not a personal case. There is a social aspect, which is often subtle, but is the source of the value of the behaviour. For this reason, in studying DV it is necessary to look at the relationship between the DV phenomenon and the social phenomena that surround it. By using the Symbolic Violence perspective, a picture of DV in the social sphere is presented. The research approach is descriptive qualitative. A general overview of DV is obtained through distributing questionnaires whose results are processed through distribution tables. Next, a Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interviews were conducted with several informants who filled out questionnaires to obtain an overview of the background of DV behaviour related to social factors. The research results show that habitus, which is the structure of the social world, shapes personal perspectives, making DV considered an acceptable action for both DV perpetrators and victims. DV also obtains support from the capital owned by one of the partners and the arena in which the relationship occurs. Habitus, capital, and the social arena make DV increasingly justified.

Palestinian and Jewish public representatives' attitudes toward violence in the Palestinian community in Israel: Conspiracy and cultural violence perspectives

In the last decade, the spread of the violence became one of the most worrying phenomena in the Palestinian Arab community in Israel. This article focuses on the violence where victims and offenders come from Palestinian Arab community in Israel. Its purpose is to review the attitudes of the public figures in the Jewish and the Palestinian Arab communities of the country regarding the violence in the latter community through the lens of the conspiracy and the cultural violence theories. The review shows that some leaders of the Palestinian Arab community tend to refer to the persistence of violence and crime in their community in a cospirative way. Their key claim is that the state authorities intentionally neglect this phenomenon and possibly have some sinister goal behind this way of conduction. In contrast, public representatives of the Jewish community tend to refer to the persistence of violence and crime in Palestinian Arab community in cultural terms. Their key claim is that violence in Palestinian Arab community is deeply rooted in the culture of this community. The review suggests that the attitudes reflect the discourse around the “blaming the victim” concept, whereas representatives of the hegemonic Jewish majority use this tactic in their cultural violence rhetoric, and representatives of the dispossessed Palestinian Arab minority complain against it using the conspiracy beliefs. The review is concluded with broad implications for the Israeli society.

The Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Words in Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Translation Violence—The Shadow as An Example

The Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Words in Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Translation Violence—The Shadow as An Example