Violate Patient Privacy Research Articles

Perspectives of Patients Regarding Artificial Intelligence and Its Application in Healthcare: A Qualitative Study.

Artificial intelligence integration into healthcare has gained significant attention in recent years, with its use ranging from disease diagnosis to surgical assistance. While artificial intelligence's potential to improve patient outcomes and optimise patient care is undeniable, concerns regarding privacy, transparency, and the potential for medical errors persist. To take full advantage of artificial intelligence's transformative abilities, understanding patient perceptions and attitudes towards its integration into medicine is crucial for ethical considerations and health outcomes. This study aimed to describe patients' perceptions of medical artificial intelligence and its integration into the healthcare system, drawing attention to a crucial yet understudied aspect of artificial intelligence adoption in Kazakhstan. Descriptive qualitative design. From February to March 2024, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews amongst 13 patients. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and then analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The study adhered to the COREQ guidelines. Five themes emerged from 13 interviews: the benefits of artificial intelligence on patient care, the importance of human factors on patient care over artificial intelligence, revolutionising patient care delivery through artificial intelligence, patient education and artificial intelligence, and balancing technology and human interaction in artificial intelligence-driven intervention. Patient perceptions of artificial intelligence integration into healthcare were primarily positive. Nevertheless, patients prefer artificial intelligence as a supplementary tool under human supervision due to risks such as possible medical errors and violations of patient privacy. Patients provided the data for this study. The researchers interviewed them about their perceptions of medical artificial intelligence and its integration into the healthcare system. The patients or the public contributed nothing to the other aspects of the study.

The Use of Social Media in Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Education: A Cross-Sectional Survey of German-Speaking Residents and Medical Students.

Social media has become a significant part of daily life, with platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp dominating usage. The COVID-19 pandemic further increased social media activity, including within the orthopedic community due to restrictions on physical gatherings. Despite the benefits of instant access to educational resources and interaction with experts, the lack of regulated editorial oversight on social media raises concerns about misinformation and privacy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social media in orthopedic and trauma surgery education, focusing on platform use, user behavior, and engagement with educational content. A web-based survey was distributed to 912 residents and 728 medical students from the German-speaking Association for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery (AGA) between June and July 2022. The questionnaire included 21 items covering demographics, platform use, activity patterns, engagement with educational content, and concerns about privacy. Of the 339 respondents (129 medical students), 87% reported daily social media use, primarily via smartphones (93%). The most commonly used platforms were WhatsApp (84%), Instagram (68%), and YouTube (54%). About 26% of the content consumed was related to orthopedics or trauma surgery. While 70% engaged with specialist content by liking, commenting, or sharing, only 32% posted their own content. Additionally, 77% followed healthcare professionals or institutions, and 65% benefited from case presentations with images. Notably, 15% observed content that could violate patient privacy. Orthopedic residents and students are high-volume social media users but engage more passively with professional content. While most value educational material, concerns about privacy violations and inappropriate posts remain prevalent.

Federated Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Smart ICUs With Differential Privacy

Clinical decision-making models have been developed to support therapeutic interventions based on medical data from either a single hospital or multiple hospitals. However, models based on multi-hospital data require collaboration among hospitals to integrate local data, which can result in information leakage and violate patient privacy. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach that combines federated learning with inverse reinforcement learning to create an efficient medical decision-making support tool while preserving patient privacy. Our approach uses an inverse reinforcement learning algorithm with differential privacy to train a neural network-based agent on local data containing clinician trajectories, which learns a private treatment policy by observing patients’ conditions. Additionally, we integrate federated learning into the proposed algorithm to learn a global optimal action policy collaboratively among various smart ICUs, overcoming data limitations at each hospital. We evaluate our approach using real-world medical data and demonstrate that it achieves superior performance in a distributed manner.

TransCS-Net: A hybrid transformer-based privacy-protecting network using compressed sensing for medical image segmentation

Although deep learning models are growingly being employed in medical image segmentation, directly using images to train them may violate patient privacy and data protection laws. To tackle this issue, a novel compressed sensing-based transformer network, namely TransCS-Net, is presented. It first used a compressed sensing (CS) module to compress medical images into low-dimensional measurements, and employed an input projection to adjust their resolution to the same resolution to account for their different resolutions caused by different CS ratios. Then, a dual encoder was adopted to capture richer features by combining long-range dependencies extracted by transformers and local features learned by convolutional neural networks. Extensive experiments showed the proposed TransCS-Net has achieved state-of-the-art performance compared with other models under different CS ratios in five public datasets. Especially our model with a CS ratio of 10% achieved slightly better performance than other methods directly using the original images in the Red Lesion Endoscopy and PH2 datasets. Consequently, the CS has now been employed for the first time in deep learning models that achieves medical image segmentation with competitive results, ensuring patient privacy.

The place of smartphone applications ın emergency medicine

Medical mobile applications help improve patient care quality, reduce medical errors, and help physicians make faster, evidence-based decisions in patient care, follow-up and rehabilitation. In this study, it was aimed to determine the usage level of smart phone applications among emergency physicians, to investigate the effects of these applications on diagnosis and treatment, to examine their benefits, to determine the expectations regarding these applications, and to raise awareness on ethical issues. Between 02/25/2018 and 03/25/2018 emergency medicine residents in many provinces of Turkey, emergency medicine specialists, were investigated smartphone app to be used in practice with academics. A statistically significant difference was found between emergency medicine experience and mobile application use (p: 0.020). Most of the physicians surveyed had started using their first mobile apps 4 years ago. It was determined that most of the participants using mobile applications in the medical field were using them as a clinical decision tool. It was observed that those with visual expressions were mostly preferred in the use of mobile applications in the medical field (63.1%). It was determined that 75% of the participants found instant messaging applications useful in the professional field. The biggest problem identified in terms of medical ethics of mobile medical applications; was the thought of a violation of patient privacy. Although technological devices make our lives easier in many ways, examination is of great importance in the patient-physician relationship. Medical mobile applications should be prepared professionally and the content quality should be checked by experts. Due to the nature of current research, it is inevitable that technologies become outdated. There is a need for more comprehensive and up-to-date studies on this subject that appeal to large audiences.

How Can Research on Artificial Empathy Be Enhanced by Applying Deepfakes?

We propose the idea of using an open data set of doctor-patient interactions to develop artificial empathy based on facial emotion recognition. Facial emotion recognition allows a doctor to analyze patients' emotions, so that they can reach out to their patients through empathic care. However, face recognition data sets are often difficult to acquire; many researchers struggle with small samples of face recognition data sets. Further, sharing medical images or videos has not been possible, as this approach may violate patient privacy. The use of deepfake technology is a promising approach to deidentifying video recordings of patients’ clinical encounters. Such technology can revolutionize the implementation of facial emotion recognition by replacing a patient's face in an image or video with an unrecognizable face—one with a facial expression that is similar to that of the original. This technology will further enhance the potential use of artificial empathy in helping doctors provide empathic care to achieve good doctor-patient therapeutic relationships, and this may result in better patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment.

Preserving professional identities, behaviors, and values in digital professionalism using social networking sites; a systematic review

BackgroundDespite a rapid rise of use of social media in medical disciplines, uncertainty prevails among healthcare professionals for providing medical content on social media. There are also growing concerns about unprofessional behaviors and blurring of professional identities that are undermining digital professionalism. This review tapped the literature to determine the impact of social media on medical professionalism and how can professional identities and values be maintained in digital era.MethodsWe searched the databases of PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and EBSCO host using (professionalism AND (professionalism OR (professional identity) OR (professional behaviors) OR (professional values) OR (professional ethics))) AND ((social media) AND ((social media) OR (social networking sites) OR Twitter OR Facebook)) AND (health professionals). The research questions were based on sample (health professionals), phenomenon of interest (digital professionalism), design, evaluation and research type. We screened initial yield of titles using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected a group of articles for qualitative analysis. We used the Biblioshiny® software package for the generation of popular concepts as clustered keywords.ResultsOur search yielded 44 articles with four leading themes; marked rise in the use of social media by healthcare professionals and students, negative impact of social media on digital professionalism, blurring of medical professional values, behaviors, and identity in the digital era, and limited evidence for teaching and assessing digital professionalism. A high occurrence of violation of patient privacy, professional integrity and cyberbullying were identified. Our search revealed a paucity of existing guidelines and policies for digital professionalism that can safeguard healthcare professionals, students and patients.ConclusionsOur systematic review reports a significant rise of unprofessional behaviors in social media among healthcare professionals. We could not identify the desired professional behaviors and values essential for digital identity formation. The boundaries between personal and professional practices are mystified in digital professionalism. These findings call for potential educational ramifications to resurrect professional virtues, behaviors and identities of healthcare professionals and students.

Assessment of nurses' respect for patient privacy by patients and nurses: A comparative study.

To determine whether nurses respect or violate patient privacy by comparing nurses' and patients' opinions. Although nurses want to respect patient privacy, they can sometimes violate patient privacy or not pay enough attention. This comparative and cross-sectional study was conducted with 357 patients and 305 nurses in 12 public hospitals in Trabzon, Turkey. Data were collected with an information form and the Patient Privacy Scale. Reporting is consistent with the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies. The total mean score of the patient privacy scale was 4.6±0.39 for nurses and 4.5±0.41 for patients, and no significant difference was found between their scores (U=52999.0; p=.554). Further, the nurses (U=14358.0; p=.000) and the patients (U=13272.5; p=.006) in the public hospitals had statistically significantly higher overall privacy scores than those in the training and research hospitals. The overall privacy scale scores were higher and more statistically significant in the patients hospitalised in surgical clinics than those hospitalised in clinics for internal diseases (U=8514.0; p=.005) and in single compared to married patients (U=12364.5; p=.034). Nurses respected patient privacy highly according to both nurses and patients, and there was no significant difference between their views. However, nurses working in training and research hospitals and internal diseases clinics need to improve their approaches to patient privacy. The results of this study could be used to reduce patient privacy vulnerabilities in complex hospitals and clinics such as training and research hospitals and to improve institutional policies and activities regarding patient privacy. By comparing the results of patients and nurses, the study provided more consistent and accurate data about patient privacy.

Same-Day Consent for Regional Anesthesia Clinical Research Trials: It's About Time.

Same-Day Consent for Regional Anesthesia Clinical Research Trials: It's About Time.

Smartphone Usage Among Malaysian Undergraduate Nursing Students During Clinical Placement

Introduction: Smartphone has become one of the basic needs for each person in daily life especially in health care setting. It acts as medium for the healthcare providers to communicate through e-mail, access information regarding the disease and drug information as well as managing their schedule. The adoption of smartphone had given the positive impact on nursing students in clinical learning experiences. However, as the number in utilizing it increases, it may expose the healthcare providers to risk of violation of patient privacy and confidentiality as well affecting their professionalism. Objectives: This study was aimed to examine the smartphone usage among undergraduate nursing students during clinical placement. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at one of the university in Malaysia. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample and 202 participants were involved in this study. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Result: The result showed that majority of the nursing students in this study (82.7%) have used smartphone during their work hours in clinical practice. They mainly used the smartphone for work-related purposes including searching for information on drugs, patients’ medical or health condition, patient care and patient education materials as well as communicating with their teammates. Yet, there were students who used smartphone for non-work-related activities such as online shopping, checking or posting status on social media and playing online games as well as communicating with friends and family.

Awareness of, Beliefs about, Practices of, and Barriers to Teledentistry among Dental Students and the Implications for Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 and Coronavirus Pandemic.

ABSTRACTObjectives:Saudi Arabia launched multiple initiatives to overcome the problem of health-care access. The recent coronavirus pandemic created urgent demand to deal with the problem using nonconventional venues such as telehealth and teledentistry. This study aimed to investigate teledentistry knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and barriers to its use among dental students and teaching staff in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods:A total of 314 dental students participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a validated self-reported questionnaire to measure teledentistry awareness, attitude, practices, and barriers to teledentistry. The study was approved by Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.Results:Only 17.2% were aware of the term “teledentistry.” However, after it was explained, participants were able to correctly answer 25.16%–62.42% of items about teledentistry. A total of 67.83% would practice teledentistry, and 70.7% support using teledentistry on a national scale for Vision 2030. Only 25.16% used teledentistry before, but 56.05% did dental consultations via smartphone. The most common barriers were patient satisfaction requiring a dentist’s physical presence, violation of patient privacy, and low levels of population education.Conclusion:Dental students seem to know little about teledentistry. However, they are open to learning and using it. It is encouraged to include the topic in continuing dental education, including how to use it during health disasters such as the coronavirus pandemic.

Videotaped Unannounced Standardized Patient Encounters to Evaluate Interpersonal and Communication Skills in Emergency Medicine Residents.

Communication and interpersonal skills are important for effective patient care but are difficult to measure. Unannounced standardized patient encounters (USPEs) have the benefit of providing a standardized situation and provide a representation of usual care rather than best behavior, while also allowing for video recording without violating patient privacy. We conducted a feasibility pilot study to examine the use of videotaped USPEs in resident education of interpersonal and communication skills and specifically empathy. This was a pilot study conducted at an urban community teaching hospital. About 16 first-year emergency medicine engaged in four videotaped USPEs during their normal clinical shifts during 1 academic year. All visible recording equipment was concealed from the residents. The standardized patients completed two assessment forms after each encounter to measure empathy. All 16 residents engaged in four videotaped USPEs for a total of 64 encounters. We were able to successfully demonstrate the feasibility of using USPEs for assessment of resident interpersonal and communication skills.

Reactions of Nursing Students When Faced With Violations of the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics.

A qualitative study was conducted with 10 nursing students to evaluate how students respond to breaches of standards of practice by clinical nurses. Statements were identified and analyzed with Colaizzi's method. Three main themes emerged: 1) Violations of the ANA Code of Ethics were witnessed by students (handling medications/equipment incorrectly, failing to comply with infection control, violating patient privacy). 2) Students were upset and felt they should have responded differently when witnessing a violation. 3) Students need preparation on how to react to violations of practice, with proper enforcement of practice within the clinical.

Social media usage and online professionalism among registered nurses: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundOwing to its convenience and easy accessibility, social media is increasingly popular among healthcare professionals and has become a useful tool in the healthcare industry. Doctors’ social media use patterns and online professionalism have been thoroughly studied. Various unprofessional behaviors such as excessive self-disclosure, violations of patient privacy and improper social media posts, were observed. However, studies exploring nurses’ social media use and online professionalism are lacking. ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to understand the social media use and online professionalism of Chinese registered nurses. DesignA cross-sectional survey was adopted. SettingsEight nursing conferences and one continuing-education program that took place in Sichuan, China. ParticipantsConvenience sampling was applied to select nurses who had obtained their Chinese nursing certificates, who were aged 18 years and above, and who worked in clinical settings. The final sample consisted of 658 registered nurses. MethodsData were collected through the on-site distribution of an anonymous researcher-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 41 items that focused on demographic and professional information, social media use and online professionalism. Medians, averages and percentages were used to describe the social media use patterns and online professionalism of Chinese registered nurses. ResultsAll participants in this study were social media users and 84.5% of them believed that social media had positively influenced their clinical practice. WeChat was the most frequently used form of social media, which was used among 93.5% of the subjects. Common reasons for social media use included receiving messages from work, networking, receiving news and relaxing. Approximately 56% of the participants spent one to three hours on social media daily. Most of the participants had reposted medical knowledge on social media and had subscribed to at least one medical social media account. Additionally, 67.2% of the sample disclosed that they “often” communicate work-related information with colleagues via social media. Roughly 50% of the sample insisted that their facilities had social media guidelines. Registered nurses’ professionalism was also assessed. Around half of the participants had received “friend request” from patients, while 63.5% of the sample acknowledged that there were no patients on their most frequently used social media platforms. About 7.6% of the respondents had “sometimes” posted identifiable patient information, which was much lower than the reported 32.5% rate of witnessing colleagues’ disclosure of identifiable patient information. Fully 50.3% of the participants indicated that they had witnessed improper posts by colleagues.

Should Family Be Permitted in a Trauma Bay?

This essay explores how some of the arguments advanced for and against family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation might apply to the question of whether family should be permitted in the trauma bay. While the first section suggests that many of the proposed benefits might apply to family presence during trauma resuscitations, the second section contends that family presence in the trauma bay could detract from the quality of patient care, violate patient privacy, and be psychologically damaging for the witnessing family. The essay concludes by proposing a chaperoning system that could mitigate some of the proposed concerns with a family presence policy and by analyzing some of the ethical commitments that underlie the discussion of family in the trauma bay.

Physical Therapists' Perceptions of Telephone- and Internet Video-Mediated Service Models for Exercise Management of People With Osteoarthritis.

To investigate physical therapists' perceptions of, and willingness to use, telephone- and internet-mediated service models for exercise therapy for people with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis. This study used an internet-based survey of Australian physical therapists, comprising 3 sections: 1 on demographic information and 2 with 16 positively framed perception statements about delivering exercise via telephone and video over the internet, for people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Levels of agreement with each statement were evaluated. Logistic regression models were used to determine therapist characteristics influencing interest in delivering telerehabilitation. A total of 217 therapists spanning metropolitan, regional, rural, and remote Australia completed the survey. For telephone-delivered care, there was consensus agreement that it would not violate patient privacy (81% agreed/strongly agreed) and would save patient's time (76%), but there was less than majority agreement for 10 statements. There was consensus agreement that video-delivered care would save a patient's time (82%), be convenient for patients (80%), and not violate patient privacy (75%). Most agreed with all other perception statements about video-delivered care, except for liking no physical contact (14%). Low confidence using internet video technologies, and inexperience with telerehabilitation, were significantly associated with reduced interest in delivering telephone and/or video-based services. Physical therapists agree that telerehabilitation offers time-saving and privacy advantages for people with osteoarthritis and perceive video-delivered care more favorably than telephone-delivered services. However, most do not like the lack of physical contact with either service model. These findings may inform the implementation of telerehabilitation osteoarthritis services and the training needs of clinicians involved in delivering care.

Surgery in Shackles: What Are Surgeons' Obligations to Incarcerated Patients in the Operating Room?

Incarcerated patients frequently require surgery outside of the correctional setting, where they can be shackled to the operating table in the presence of armed corrections officers who observe them throughout the procedure. In this circumstance, privacy protection-central to the patient-physician relationship-and the need to control the incarcerated patient for the safety of health care workers, corrections officers, and society must be balanced. Surgeons recognize the heightened need for gaining a patient's trust within the context of an operation. For an anesthetized patient, undergoing an operation while shackled and observed by persons in positions of power is a violation of patient privacy that can lead to increased feelings of vulnerability, mistrust of health care professionals, and reduced therapeutic potential of a procedure.

Translation and Development of the Chinese-Version Patient Privacy Scale

The unauthorized releasing of confidential patient information is a serious problem worldwide. Nurses, the healthcare professionals who are in most frequent contact with patients, have access to a significant amount of confidential patient information and play a key role in protecting patient privacy. However, currently, there is no proper tool to measure the level to which clinical nurses protect the privacy of their patients in China. To translate the patient privacy scale (PPS) into Chinese and to test the reliability and validity of this Chinese version. The original scale was developed by Özturk, Bahcecik, and Özçelik (2014) to identify whether nurses protect or violate patient privacy in the workplace. This study used the "back translation" method to translate the scale. A total of 616 nurses in two tertiary hospitals in the Western region of China were enrolled to test the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the translated scale. The Cronbach's coefficients of the total scale and its 5 factors ranged from .84 to .94; the split half reliability was .91; the test-retest reliability was .82; and the content validity index was .95. Explanatory factor analysis revealed that the 5 factors explained 64.98% of the total variance. The Chinese version of the PPS is reliable and valid, and may be used to reliably assess the behaviors of nurses with regard to protecting the privacy of their patients. The scale may also be used to evaluate the effects of training on patient privacy protection.

Patient and clinician perspectives on the outpatient after-visit summary: a qualitative study to inform improvements in visit summary design.

We explored patients' and clinicians' perspectives on electronic health record (EHR)-generated outpatient after-visit summaries (AVSs) to inform efforts to maximize the document's utility. This qualitative study involved focus groups and semistructured interviews with patients ( n = 39) and clinicians ( n = 56) in adult primary care practices serving socioeconomically diverse communities in New York City; Long Island, New York; and Chicago, Illinois. Focus group and interview transcripts were coded and analyzed following standard qualitative methods. Core themes included the use and purpose of the AVS, content modification and prioritization, formatting improvements, customization, privacy and accuracy concerns, and clinician workflow concerns. While most patients valued the document as a visit summary, others considered it a general summary of their health and health care issues, useful for sharing with family or clinicians even if they had access to their health records via web portals. Patients expressed a preference for the order of content items, and many wanted the reasons for medications and referrals stated. Additionally, some patients were confused by multiple medication lists indicating started, stopped, and modified medications, and a single "current" medication list was preferred by both patients and doctors. Concerns were raised about the risk of violating patient privacy and challenges to clinician workflow. The AVS is valued by patients and clinicians. Both groups have identified numerous ways it can be improved, but also several obstacles to improvement and effective use. EHR vendors should work with stakeholder groups to improve the AVS to ensure that this important communication device achieves its patient-centered potential.

Patient-Targeted Googling and Psychiatry: A Brief Review and Recommendations in Practice

Patient-Targeted Googling and Psychiatry: A Brief Review and Recommendations in Practice