Violation Of Traffic Rules Research Articles

Methods to rank traffic rule violations resulting in crashes for allocation of funds

Education, enforcement and engineering countermeasures are implemented to make road users comply with the traffic rules. Not all the traffic rule violations can be addressed nor countermeasures be implemented at all unsafe locations, at once, due to limited funds. Therefore, this study aims at ranking the traffic rule violations resulting in crashes based on individual ranks, such as 1) frequency (expressed as a function of the number of drivers violating a traffic rule and involved in crashes), 2) crash severity, 3) total crash cost, and, 4) cost severity index, to assist transportation system managers in prioritizing the allocation of funds and improving safety on roads. Crash data gathered for the state of North Carolina was processed and used in this study. Variations in the ranks of traffic rule violations were observed when individual ranking methods are used. As an example, exceeding authorized speed limit and driving under the influence of alcohol are ranked 1st and 2nd based on crash severity while failure to reduce speed and failure to yield the right-of-way are ranked 1st and 2nd based on frequency. To minimize the variations and capture the merits of individual ranking methods, four different composite ranks were computed by combining selected individual ranks. The computed averages and standard deviations of absolute rank differences between composite ranks is lower than those obtained from individual ranks. The weights to combine the selected individual ranks have a marginal effect on the computed averages and standard deviations of absolute rank differences. Combining frequency and crash severity or cost severity index, using equal weights, is recommended for prioritization and allocation of funds.

Risk drivers pose to themselves and other drivers by violating traffic rules

ABSTRACTObjective: Violation of traffic rules is a major contributing factor in both crashes and fatalities in the United States. This study aims at quantifying risk that drivers pose to themselves and other drivers by violating traffic rules.Method: Crash data from 2010 to 2013 were gathered for the state of North Carolina. Descriptive analysis was carried out to identify frequent traffic violations and who were committing the traffic violations that resulted in crashes. A multinomial logit model was then developed to examine the relation between different traffic violations and driver injury severity. Additionally, odds ratios were estimated to identify the likelihood (probability) of severe or moderate injury to the driver and other drivers due to a driver violating a traffic rule that led to a crash.Results: Exceeding the speed limit is more likely to result in severe injury compared to disregarding traffic signals. However, going the wrong way is more likely to result in severe injury to other drivers when compared to any other traffic violation. Driving under the influence of alcohol is 2 times more likely to result in severe injury than driving under the influence of drugs. These 2 traffic violations by a driver are almost equally likely to result in severe injury to other drivers.Conclusions: Drivers often perceive that violating traffic rules will not result in a crash or severe injury. However, the results from this study show that a majority of the traffic violations lead to severe injury to the violator as well as to other drivers. The findings from this study serve as documented evidence to educate drivers about the risk they pose to themselves and to other drivers by violating traffic rules and encourage the adaptation of safe driving behavior in order to contribute toward reaching the “zero traffic deaths” vision. They also help make policy changes pertaining to penalty points and fines for violating a traffic rule.

The effect of the car-parazzi system on traffic accidents in Korea

ABSTRACTIn 2001 and 2002, the Korean government rewarded around $3 to civilians who photograph and report violations of traffic rules. This so-called ‘car-parazzi system’ was such a success with well over 4 million cases reported until its abolition. Our empirical results found that the car-parazzi system was much effective in significantly reducing the death tolls by traffic accidents.

Analysis of Traffic Accidents Leading to Death Using Tripod Beta Method in Yazd, Iran

This study tried to find the original causes of road accidents to prevent their occurrence. This was a descriptive-analytic retrospective study which assessed 1,000 cases of road accidents leading to death during 2003-2013 using the Tripod Beta method. The latent problems, the contributing preconditions, and corrective strategies for the prevention of occurrence of these accidents were determined. The findings of this study revealed that violation of traffic safety rules, especially deliberate violations and risk-takings decreased with increasing age. In comparative status of the superficial problems, illegal and impermissible speed of drivers accounted for 19.10%, in comparative status of preconditions, violation of safety rules accounted for 32.6% and finally, in comparative status of the latent problems, the presence of financial constraints and time pressure in designing and manufacturing of the cars, and quality of city streets, roads, accounted for 20.1%, of the leading causes of occurrence of accidents in this study.

Road Accidents: Transport and Social Risks

On the basis of statistics of traffic accidents accident rate on the roads of Irkutsk region was analyzed. It is shown that the majority of accidents with victims occur due to violations of traffic rules by drivers. The dependence of the number of accidents and injuries on time of day was identified. The maximum contribution to accident rate is made by car drivers. represented by all kinds of transport – rail, road, air, inland waterways and a network of railways and roads. The basis of the road network is federal, regional and local roads with the length, respectively, 1,7, 12.6 and 17 thousand. km. More than 912 thous. Cars are registered in the region and many transit cars are moving on them. Thedependence of the number of accidents and injuries on time of day was identified. The maximum contribution to accident rate is made by car drivers.

ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК Г. ТЮМЕНИ

This paper presents the initial results of research aimed at improving traffic safety through the prevention of violations of traffic rules by drivers of buses and minibus vehicles on the streets of the city of Tyumen.

An ultrasonic sensor system based on a two-dimensional state method for highway vehicle violation detection applications.

With the continuing growth of highway construction and vehicle use expansion all over the world, highway vehicle traffic rule violation (TRV) detection has become more and more important so as to avoid traffic accidents and injuries in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Since very few works have contributed to solve the TRV detection problem by moving vehicle measurements and surveillance devices, this paper develops a novel parallel ultrasonic sensor system that can be used to identify the TRV behavior of a host vehicle in real-time. Then a two-dimensional state method is proposed, utilizing the spacial state and time sequential states from the data of two parallel ultrasonic sensors to detect and count the highway vehicle violations. Finally, the theoretical TRV identification probability is analyzed, and actual experiments are conducted on different highway segments with various driving speeds, which indicates that the identification accuracy of the proposed method can reach about 90.97%.

Overhead Pedestrian Crossings – Economic Evaluation through Vehicle Operating Cost and Travel Time Savings

At-grade road crossing facility presently available at the main entrance to the Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology (SLIIT) Malabe can be improved as a solution to minimize the disturbance of traffic flow along Malabe - Kaduwela road. It is observed that a large number of students cross the road throughout the day, especially during the peak of traffic. Several other reasons for this traffic congestion were identified, such as; unruliness of pedestrians, violation of traffic rules by drivers (especially bus drivers who stop buses everywhere although there are properly located bus stops), inadequate road width etc. Due to the above reasons, vehicles traveling along this stretch of road have to constantly slow down and then regain their original speed after passing the location. Introduction of an overhead pedestrians’ crossing at the location would separate pedestrians from traffic to minimize the vehicle - pedestrian conflict to create a uniform traffic flow along the road section. Hence, by minimizing the sudden speed variation of vehicles (speed change cycle) due to the existing pedestrians crossing the road, the additional Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC), additional travel time and risk for pedestrians when crossing the road, as well as uncomfortable driving condition for drivers can be reduced. The objective of this study is to minimize the additional VOC and travel time due to sudden speed variation at this existing pedestrian crossing by improving the traffic flow condition. Therefore, an overhead pedestrian crossing with the view of facilitating the pedestrians to cross the road comfortably and safely is proposed. The proposed structure has a clear height of 5.5 m and 18 m of span. Two flights of steps of one meter width were designed for both ends of the overhead bridge as access. Total cost for the proposed structure was computed for the year of 2012. Further the additional cost for the VOC and travel time per day were analyzed and predicted for a period of 20 years from the year 2012. After having determined the costs and benefits of the project, a method was evolved for relating these two so as to arrive at the assessment of the viability of the project in economic terms. Among a number of methods developed for such an economic evaluation, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method was justified and selected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ouslj.v7i0.7309 OUSL Journal Vol.7 2014: 77-94

Driving Instructors are Not Much Better (At Least Sometimes) in Explaining Driving Safety than Ordinary Drivers

The paper reports two studies which were both aimed at exploring differences in the judgement of traffic safety and risks by experts and ordinary drivers. In both studies the group of experts was comprised of driving school instructors. The first study focused on the risk judgements that drivers and experts make on the basis of traffic rule violations in order to predict road accidents. The second study explored driver and expert assessments regarding unwritten driving rules that are related to safe vs. risky driving. The studies demonstrated that experts are only slightly better than ordinary drivers in judging the degree to which traffic accidents are related to violations of certain traffic rules. There were only very slight differences in rating the degree to which an average Latvian driver follows unwritten driving rules. Experts and ordinary drivers did not differ in their assessments on the extent to which particular unwritten traffic rules facilitate traffic safety. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s1p416

A survey of commercial drivers′ perception on the causes of road traffic accidents in Nigeria

Background: Road traffic accident is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects victims to different degrees depending on the type of accident. The aim of this study was to study commercial driver's attitude and their perceived causes of accidents on Nigerian roads.Methodology: A cross-sectional study of commercial drivers from various motor parks in a Nigerian urban city was carried out using questionnaires. Every volunteer was asked to complete a questionnaire that revealed patient demographics, age, education level, time of accident and perceived cause(s) of the accident. All participants were males and licensed drivers.Results : Drivers in the age range of 38 - 47 years (n = 174; 46.77%) were mostly involved in road traffic accidents. Road accidents were much more prevalent on rural roads than on urban roads. Majority of the drivers (n = 198; 53%) had secondary level of education, while 112 drivers (30%) had primary level of education. One hundred and eight drivers (29.03%) believed the accidents were as a result of the road. 21.24% (79) stated that the time of the day, which could be in the daylight, dusk or at night, could influence road traffic accidents.Conclusions : The drivers perceived that the nature of the road, time and weather are some of the major contributory factors to road accidents. However, it was deduced from the study that behavioral patterns on the road, violation of traffic rules and driving under the influence of alcohol were the major contributory factors in commercial drivers' involvement in vehicular accidents.

Reasons underlying behaviour of motorcyclists disregarding traffic regulations in urban areas of Indonesia

Over the last decade, motorcycle use has been rapidly increasing in Indonesia as have violations of traffic rules committed by motorcyclists. This study aims to explore the impacts of motorcyclists’ attitudes, habits, preferences, and travel patterns on their behaviour in disregarding traffic regulations in three cities in Indonesia. The theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling are employed to explore these relationships. Consistent with results from previous studies in developed countries, an individual’s beliefs and attitudes, social norms and perceived behaviour control significantly influence behaviour in disregarding traffic rules. Young adults and students are found to be more likely to frequently violate traffic regulations. However, unlike previous findings from developed countries, in Indonesia, males are less likely to disregard traffic rules than females. Overall, pushing the motorcycle through a (very) narrow gap, speeding, driving recklessly, and overtaking on the wrong side are the most frequent traffic violations that make up repetitive violation behaviour among urban motorcyclists in Indonesia. The results highlight the need to revisit Indonesian National Traffic Law traffic violation classification and penalties and separate violations that are likely to cause fatal results, thus requiring tougher law enforcement, from violations that are unlikely to have fatal consequences.

Behavioural Causes and Categories of Traffic Violations by Motorcyclists in Indonesian Urban Roads

To prevent road accidents and formulate policies to promote road safety in urban roads, it is crucial to understand factors that cause violation of traffic rules. Although such issues have been investigated in developed countries, the availability of such knowledge in rapidly motorizing countries, such as Indonesia, is still poor. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing violation behavior by motorcyclists and types of such violations. The study is based on surveys of three metropolitan cities, namely Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya, in Indonesia. Structural equation modelling has been performed to investigate factors influencing motorcyclists to commit traffic violations and their causal relationships. Although there are differences in the ranking of factors influencing traffic violations among the three cities studied, the analysis has been able to show patterns of similarities as well. The inadequacy of engineering and maintenance conditions of the road infrastructure appears to be partly responsible for the phenomenon of motorcyclists developing a lack of respect to traffic rules.

Interaction between socio-demographic characteristics: Traffic rule violations and traffic crash history for young drivers

Young drivers’ high traffic violation involvement rate and significant contribution to traffic crashes compared to older drivers creates the need for detailed analyses of factors affecting young drivers’ behaviors. This study is based on survey data collected from 2,057 18–29 year old young adults. Data were collected via face-to-face questionnaire surveys in four different cities in Turkey. The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, traffic rule violations, and traffic crashes among young drivers. Four main traffic rule violations are examined: red light violations, seat belt violations, speeding, and driving under the influence of alcohol, which are decisive in determining driving behavior and traffic crashes. The survey investigates the socio-demographic characteristics, traffic rule violation behavior and traffic crash histories of young adults. Four hypothetical scenarios were prepared for each traffic rule violation and data from the scenarios were modeled using the ordered probit model. Significant variables affecting each traffic rule violation are stated. Finally, significant variables that interact with crash involvements were investigated with binary logit models. According to the data analysis, 23.9% of drivers stated that they were involved in at least one traffic crash within the last three years. This crash rate increases to 38.3% for those who received at least one traffic citation/violation in last three years and peaks to 47.4% for those who were fined for seat belt violations in last three years.

Controlling of Faulty Vehicles Using GSM and GPS Technology

In the developing countries, the identification of Faulty Vehicle’s by the enforcing authorities within a stipulated time is a challenging task. Hit and run accident vehicles, traffic-rule violators, theft vehicles, escaping an accused in a vehicle and nonpayment of tax vehicles etc., are called as faulty vehicles. In the existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), only the vehicles are being monitored, instead of catching the faulty vehicle. In this methodology, the vehicles are controlled from the control room itself within stipulated time duration by controlling the fuel mixture. The concept involves minimization or stoppage of fuel mixture to that particular vehicle (three-wheeler Auto and four-wheeler Maruthi 800), depending upon its location (GPS) and the traffic environment; by using the specially designed electronic control unit (ECU) and with the help of a network provider (GSM). The entire concept is explained in this paper with the help of block diagram and photographs. From this investigation it’s observed that the vehicle could be stopped and it can be caught by the enforcing authority for necessary action.

PEMAHAMAN NORMA BERLALU LINTAS PADA SISWA SMAN 7DAN SMKN 5 BANJARMASIN

Azrianoor. 2014. Passed understanding Norma Cross In SMK Students of SMAN 7 and SMKN 5 Banjarmasin. Thesis, Program Study of Citizenship and Pancasila Education,Department of Social Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Science, University of Lambung Mangkurat. Counselor (I) Zainul Akhyar, (II)Harpani Matnuh. In this study examines the Passed Cross In SMK Students of SMAN 7 and SMKN 5 Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study to determine the background of students' understanding of the requirements to be allowed to use motor vehicles, motor driving ordinance, penal sanctions for violations of traffic rules and the impact of violations of traffic rules on the road. The method used is a qualitative method of data capture techniques through observation , interviews, focus group discussions ( FGD ), and documentation of the data sources were selected purposively. Testing the validity of the data can improve through perseverance, triangulation, and using reference materials. The Results showed students' understanding of the requirements to be allowed to use motorized vehicles for knowledge of traffic laws still do not understand, the omission of a police presence, absence by the school, and the presence of omission by the parents. The procedure for motor drive system is the lack of understanding and knowledge of how to drive motorized traffic rules, patterns of behavior or attitude in driving a motorcycle, provide socialization and appeal to the public, held a routine patrol, raid gear motorcycle standards and prohibitions for junior high school students to use bicycles motors. Penal sanctions for violations of traffic rules by the bad behavior of motorists who often do, and exposed to legal sanctions traffic rules. The impact of traffic rules violation on the highway is not orderly traffic, and an increase in accidents involving students. Based on the results of research to realize a student who obey the law for orderly traffic, traffic cop Sat Banjarmasin So should conduct a more intensive dissemination of the laws of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2009 on traffic and highway transportation for students, should all the parties concerned work together to address the problems of traffic norms neighbors, and students are expected to provide instances neighbor traffic rules, especially students PPKn course in dealing with various problems faced by the students about traffic norms and regulations. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman,serif; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Keywords : Elapsed Understanding Cross, Student. Keywords : Elapsed Understanding Cross, Student. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman,serif; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Relationship Between Traffic Rule Violations and Socio-Economic Structure of Young Drivers in Turkey: Aydın and Malatya Examples

Studies based on socio-economic data shows that, young drivers have more tendencies to traffic rule violations and play significant role on traffic accidents caused by sensation seeking and lack of experience. For this reasons Turkey, which is a country with large youth bulge, must be subjected to studies on young driver behaviors.Main objective of this study is to determine obedience of young drivers (18-29 ages) to traffic rules and to analyze relationship of traffic rule violations with variables such as socio-economic structure and driving experience etc. In this study, four main traffic rules indicating driver tendencies and also significant in traffic accidents are analyzed, which are red light violation, seatbelt violation, speed limit violation and drink driving. To analyze relationship of traffic rule violations and driving behaviors in detail, face to face survey data is used. Surveys which consist of personal information and traffic rule violation sections are conducted in central districts of two cities of Turkey with similar size but different cultural structure, Aydin and Malatya In Aydin 417 and in Malatya 400 Survey data of 18-29 age-old drivers with driving licence and at least one year driving experience, used in this study. Relationship between socio-economic variables, driving behavior variables and traffic rule violation tendency is analyzed using binary logit statistical models. As a result socio-economic, demographic and driving behavior variables of young drivers which are effective in traffic rule violations are determined.

Impatience and time pressure: Subjective reactions of drivers in situations forcing them to stop their car in the road

Transportation research has shown that impatience and time pressure are determining factors for traffic rule violation and risky behaviour. However, the situations provoking impatience have not yet been investigated in depth. One purpose of this study was to examine how different road stops might increase impatience. Another purpose was to measure the effects of time pressure on impatience as a function of these situations. Forty eight participants viewed eight films, shot from a driver’s viewpoint, each ending with a situation in which the car had to stop in the road. Participants were invited to imagine that they were the driver, and asked to rate how their impatience evolved during the stops by moving a cursor. Guided imagery was used to induce time pressure in half of the participants. Our results indicate that impatience is a state of increased arousal and negative valence. A subtle appraisal process appears to determine when impatience is triggered and how it evolves during stops. In the current study both the triggering and the evolution of impatience were altered by situational features, especially stop-length estimates and emotions. Time pressure as a contextual or chronic factor was found to influence impatience.

You Take Care of the Drive, I Take Care of the Rule: A Traffic-Rule Awareness System Using Vehicular Sensors and Mobile Phones

Traffic rules are used to regulate drivers’ behaviours in modern traffic systems. In fact, all driving behaviours are presented by vehicles’ behaviours. If vehicles have awareness of their behaviours, it is possible that traffic rules are able to regulate vehicles instead of drivers. There are three advantages of vehicle regulation: (1) without worrying about violations of traffic rules and searching for traffic signs, drivers can pay more attention on emergency situations, such as jaywalking. (2) Many traffic violations are due to attention distraction; machines do not have the attention issues; therefore they can provide good traffic-rule obeying. (3) New traffic rules can be spread and applied more quickly and effectively through the Internet or Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs). In this paper, we propose a novel traffic-rule awareness system using vehicular sensors and mobile phones. It translates traffic rules into combinations of vehicular sensors, GPS device, and Geography Information System (GIS); the system can tell whether a driver violates the traffic rules and help him to amend his driving behaviour immediately. Experiments in real driving environments show that our system can be aware of the traffic rules accurately and immediately.

Drivers' working conditions and private bus crashes in Kandy, Sri Lanka

BackgroundBuses are the main mode of passenger transport in Sri Lanka operated by both government and private sectors. However, private sector buses carry a greater risk of crashes than the...

Driving anger and traffic violations: Gender differences

In this work, we examined the contribution of anger-related variables to explaining traffic rule violations with control for the effect of variables such as age, gender and annual mileage. Also, we explored gender differences in driving-elicited anger and its forms of expression with provision for exposure in terms of mileage. In addition, we studied male and female driving habits in relation to individual histories of fines and accidents with a view to identifying the role of drivers’ anger in driving violation behaviours. To this end, we conducted a survey on a sample of 541 drivers (53.9% females, 46.1% males) aged 20–73 years. The results obtained with provision for mileage revealed substantial differences in driving behaviour between genders. Thus, males reported greater number of fines and accidents, and were more prone to violating traffic regulations. There were also gender differences in the specific driving situations causing anger. Thus, males were angrier at police presence and females at traffic obstructions. There were additional differences in anger expression forms, with women exhibiting a more adaptive attitude. The specific contribution of anger-related variables to driving violation behaviours was explored, and its theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.