Vinifera Fruit Research Articles

One-pot bioinspired synthesis of PbO/CuO/FeO trimetallic oxide nanocomposite using Vitis vinifera fruit juice for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of 4-Nitrotoluene

The determination of explosive nitroaromatic chemicals has prompted concerns about human safety around the world. In this work, we demonstrate an electrochemical sensor based on trimetallic oxide nanocomposites modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds. Trimetallic oxide nanocomposites are multiphase materials containing ternary metal oxides. Because of their high specific surface area, superior electron transport capabilities, and favourable catalytic behaviour, they are frequently employed as antibacterial materials, catalysts, and sensors. In order to combat the problems associated with high manufacturing costs, low selectivity, and low sensitivity of conventional sensors, this paper reports on the construction of an electrochemical sensor for 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT) using a trimetallic oxide nano-sensor. The nano-sensor is composed of transition metal oxides copper and iron combined with post-transition lead metal oxide. In this study, we prepared a PbO/CuO/FeO TMO NCs sample with different individual metal oxides synthesized by a green reduction method using Vitis vinifera fruit juice. SEM was used to observe and validate structural and morphological variations brought on by various metal compositions. The four bio-synthesized materials comprise dispersed multiphase matrices containing varying shapes of nanoparticles with different morphologies. The elemental and phase arrangements of the synthesized samples were investigated employing UV, FT-IR, XRD, and EDAX approaches. The findings of the electrochemical measurements indicate that the SPCE modified with PbO/CuO/FeO TMO NCs has enhanced sensing capabilities over CuO, FeO, and PbO NPs for 4-NT; the limit of detection is 4.512 nM and sensitivity is −0.531 μA nM−1 for the developed sensor. Notably, recovery values (99.2–101.7 %) in water samples showed that evaluating interfering species from different contaminants had no effect on the sensing of 4-NT. All of these findings show that the newly developed sensor performs well in terms of reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity for the detection of 4-NT

Scoping review exploring the evidence base on Vitis vinifera toxicity in dogs after ingestion: Clinical effects, treatments and types of V. vinifera.

Treatment of Vitis vinifera fruit (VVF) ingestion can be challenging due to no clear toxic dose, signalment factors and variable clinical signs. Current treatment guidance is generalised: decontamination, aggressive fluid therapy, monitoring and/or treatment of renal dysfunction. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review of scientific evidence regarding the ingestion of VVF in dogs. Three primary areas were reviewed: VVF types ingested, clinical signs reported and treatments given. The inclusion criterion was any paper presenting data on clinical signs or treatments of dogs that had ingested VVF (unprocessed VVF only). The following databases were searched: CAB Abstracts, Medline, Embase and Scopus. No limits were placed on language or date. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. Twenty-four papers were identified. A wide range of VVF types were ingested, but the toxic dose was difficult to ascertain. The most commonly reported signs were gastrointestinal, renal, neurological and haematological. Treatment commonly consisted of fluid therapy, diuretics and antiemetics. This scoping review neither explored cases of processed VVF ingestion nor did it chart laboratory findings; therefore, potentially clinically significant findings in these areas may have been missed. VVF ingestion typically causes gastrointestinal/renal dysfunction, with no clear toxicity attributable to VVF type. Treatments varied according to the presence/absence of clinical signs, and the prognosis was varied. Further research on current treatment efficacy is warranted, permitting an evidence-based, risk-benefit approach to be adopted by clinicians.

Green synthesis and anti‐biofilm effect on Drosophila melanogaster of selenium nanoparticles from Vitis vinifera for photocatalytic degradation and different biological applications

AbstractThis study aims to combine Vitis vinifera extract with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) solution to develop a biobased approach for producing green selenium nanoparticles. V. vinifera fruit extract is potent in secondary metabolites such as phenols (1.19 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoids (0.42 mg catechin equivalents/g), and tannins (2.84 mg tannic acid equivalents/g), it was discovered to be particularly appropriate for the production of nanoparticles. SeNPs were characterized using UV–vis, SEM, zeta potential, EDS, DLS, FTIR, and XRD AFM. SeNPs were assessed for anti‐microbial, anti‐biofilm, and antioxidant assay. Biosynthesized‐produced SeNPs were discovered to possess significant antioxidant activity and high antibacterial action. Selenium nanoparticles had the potential to modulate the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular analyses were performed, and survival analysis curves were plotted to study the impact of SeNPs. When SeNPs are exposed to UV light, they efficiently break down crystal violet dye. To comprehend the impact of three variables—pH, time, and SeNP concentration—on the dye degradation, a full factorial design was employed. This study showed that SeNPs can be used as a potential anti‐biofilm agent and are also effective in the textile, dye, and pharmaceutical industries.

Application of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles to prolong commercial availability of Vitis vinifera L

The objective of the study was to extend shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L.) by the application of green synthesized Magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica A. juss. and various concentrations of 20 mM, 30 mM, and 40 mM solutions of Magnesium nitrate hexa hydrate salt, were used to synthesize nanoparticles of different size. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by SEM, XRD, and UV. The antimicrobial activity of MgO NPs was evaluated for Azospirilum brasilense and Trichoderma viride, representative of microbes responsible for V. vinifera fruits spoilage. Nanoparticles with crystal size of 28.60 nm has more pronounced effect against microbes. The Shelf life of the Vitis vinifera L. was evaluated by application of 28.60 nm MgO NPs through T1 (nanoparticles coated on packaging), T2 (nanoparticles coated directly on fruit) at 4 °C and 25 °C. T1 at 4 °C was effective to extend the shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L) for an average of 20 days.

Effects of Methanol and N-hexane Extracts of Raphia vinifera Fruit and Elaeis guineensis Seeds Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of methanol and n-hexane extracts derived from the mesocarp of Raphia vinifera fruit and Elaeis guineensis seeds on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The antibacterial properties of methanol and n-hexane extracts of Raphia vinifera fruit mesocarp and palm kernel seeds against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method. The average diameter of the areas where growth was inhibited by the n-hexane extract of palm kernel seed and Raphia vinifera fruit mesocarp was 15 mm and 9 mm, respectively, for S. aureus. The diameter of the inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus was 11 mm for the Elaeis guineensis seeds extract and 8 mm for the Raphia vinifera fruit mesocarp extract for S. Aureus. The n-hexane extract of Elaeis guineensis seeds and Raphia vinifera fruit mesocarp showed inhibition zones with mean diameters of 15 mm and 12 mm, respectively, for Escherichia coli. Similarly, the methanol extract of Elaeis guineensis seeds and Raphia vinifera fruit mesocarp exhibited inhibition zones with mean diameters of 5 mm and 9 mm, respectively, for Escherichia coli. Among the solvents utilised for extraction in this work, n-hexane demonstrates the highest antibacterial efficacy compared to methanol extracts against all test species, including S. aureus and E. coli. Thus, both Elaeis guineensis seeds and Raphia vinifera fruit mesocarp have the potential to serve as alternate antibacterial agents and significant reservoirs of medicinal compounds for treating diverse illnesses.

Nonclinical evaluation of a Vitis vinifera extract towards a novel antiaging cosmetic ingredient.

Skin aging is regulated by multiple physiological processes, such as oxidative stress. Natural products have been considered as a promising source of antioxidant compounds. As a result, few innovative products on the market based on natural products tackle additional underlying mechanisms of skin aging. The present work reports the nonclinical evaluation of a novel extract from the skin of V. vinifera fruits (codified as ACH37 extract), with the aim of supporting its use as an antiaging cosmetic ingredient candidate in clinical trials. We employed enzymatic, phenotypic, and gene expression assays, both in vitro and ex vivo, to investigate the action of the ACH37 extract in different biological processes that could be related to skin aging mechanisms. The ACH37 extract was able to scavenge reactive oxygen species (DPPH, O2 - ), prevent inflammation (LPS- and UV-induced COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-8 expression), modulate extracellular matrix remodeling (inhibiting elastase, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-12, as well as associated expression), increase telomere length, telomerase activity, and reverse the UV-induced suppression of genes involved in skin protection. In addition, the ACH37 extract permeated human skin explants and presented antioxidant efficacy ex vivo. The results indicated that the ACH37 extract acts on multiple targets commonly related to skin aging, being a promising antiaging active ingredient candidate to be further investigated in clinical trials.

Characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant activity of Vitis vinifera L. (grape) seeds from the Ica Valley, Peru

Context: In the Valley of Ica-Peru, the seeds of the fruit of Vitis vinifera L. (grape) are residues from the Pisco Industry, and due to their bioactive compounds, they can represent a new economic and sustainable activity for the population of the mentioned Valley. Aims: To characterize polyunsaturated fatty acids from the seeds of the fruit of Vitis vinifera L. (grape) from the Ica Valley, Peru and determine the antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods: The oil from five grape varieties (Quebranta, Moscatel, Torontel, Mollar, and Italia) was obtained by ethereal extraction with ultrasound. The profile of fatty acids was characterized by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The total polyphenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity by two in vitro methods. Results: The values obtained from the 5 grape varieties are presented in a range: total polyphenolic content (TPC: 0.59-154 mg GAE/g); linoleic acid content (69.90-71.87%), oleic acid (18.35-19.90%) and others in a lower percentage (p>0.05). Antioxidant activity: DPPH IC50 38.30-48.43 µL; FRAP 0.49-0.77 μg TEAC/g. TPC/DPPH and TPC/FRAP were significantly different (p<0.05), except for the Mollar TPC/FRAP variety (p>0.05). Conclusions: The oils from the seeds of the Vitis vinifera fruit (grapes) that are residues from the production of Pisco present physicochemical characteristics of oils of high nutritional value with a predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids and potential antioxidant activity.

Synthesis and Characterization of Tween-20 Capped Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Property.

The Vitrus vinifera fruit extract was used to make silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing a green chemical technique. The biosynthesized Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera-AgNPs were observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the physiochemical properties. The spherical form of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The peaks in the Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera-AgNPs have an average crystallite size that is found to be 46nm according to powder X-ray diffraction examination. Biosynthesized AgNPs had a significant effect on bone osteosarcoma MG63 cells with 55% inhibition, respectively, using MTT assay. The effective dangerous concentration of Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera with AgNP nanoparticles was less harmful to MG63 cells. The results of antibacterial activity showed that Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera-AgNPs effectively inhibited Eggerthella lenta and Staphylococcus epidermis bacteria.

Study on antibacterial and antioxidant property from methanol extract of Vitis vinifera fruit and its application in hand sanitizer

The goal of this study is to assess the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of a methanol extract of Vitis vinifera, as well as to find possible natural sources for the development of novel medications to combat rising antimicrobial resistance. Its major application is to make hand sanitizer. The bactericidal activity of a crude methanol extract of Vitis vinifera was tested using the agar well diffusion method, which revealed an estimated potential zone of inhibition of 10.62mm for Escherichia coli. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was then measured, with test sample 2 showing 0.728 ug percent antioxidant activity, followed by test sample 1 and test sample 3, which had antioxidant activity of 0.372 ug percent and 0.156 ug percent, respectively. After that, the thesis moves on to the application section, where hand sanitizer compositions were created and evaluated based on colour, odour, clarity, and skin irritation. All created formulations were tested for antibacterial activity, with formulation 3 (made mainly of dried black grapes) showing the most significant findings. Spot inoculation (contact time test) and Spread plate count were performed using just one or two test organisms, due to the method's limitations. Both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus grew in a contact time test. SPC was measured before and after hand sanitizer treatment to see if there was a decrease in culture density. Log reduction was observed which helped in determining that the formulations prepared have the capacity to decrease the bacterial load. Antibacterial assay was performed for all prepared formulations, in which formulation 3 (made up of dried black grapes) showed significant results. Keeping in considerations the limitation of this method, spot inoculation (contact time test) and Spread plate count were taken using only one or two test organism. Contact time test showed growth for both Escherichia coli.

Transcripts switched off at the stop of phloem unloading highlight the energy efficiency of sugar import in the ripening V. vinifera fruit

Transcriptomic changes at the cessation of sugar accumulation in the pericarp of Vitis vinifera were addressed on single berries re-synchronised according to their individual growth patterns. The net rates of water, sugars and K+ accumulation inferred from individual growth and solute concentration confirmed that these inflows stopped simultaneously in the ripe berry, while the small amount of malic acid remaining at this stage was still being oxidised at low rate. Re-synchronised individual berries displayed negligible variations in gene expression among triplicates. RNA-seq studies revealed sharp reprogramming of cell-wall enzymes and structural proteins at the stop of phloem unloading, associated with an 80% repression of multiple sugar transporters and aquaporins on the plasma or tonoplast membranes, with the noticeable exception of H+/sugar symporters, which were rather weakly and constitutively expressed. This was verified in three genotypes placed in contrasted thermo-hydric conditions. The prevalence of SWEET suggests that electrogenic transporters would play a minor role on the plasma membranes of SE/CC complex and the one of the flesh, while sucrose/H+ exchangers dominate on its tonoplast. Cis-regulatory elements present in their promoters allowed to sort these transporters in different groups, also including specific TIPs and PIPs paralogs, and cohorts of cell wall-related genes. Together with simple thermodynamic considerations, these results lead to propose that H+/sugar exchangers at the tonoplast, associated with a considerably acidic vacuolar pH, may exhaust cytosolic sugars in the flesh and alleviate the need for supplementary energisation of sugar transport at the plasma membrane.

The Occurrence of Glycosylated Aroma Precursors in Vitis vinifera Fruit and Humulus lupulus Hop Cones and Their Roles in Wine and Beer Volatile Aroma Production.

Volatile aroma compounds found in grapes and hops may be present as both free volatiles and bound glycosides. Glycosides found in the raw materials are transferred to their respective fermented beverages during production where the odorless compounds may act as a reservoir of free volatiles that may be perceived by the consumer if hydrolyzed. A review of the literature on grape and wine glycosides and the emerging literature for glycosides in hops is presented in order to demonstrate the depth of history in grape glycoside research and may help direct new research on hop glycosides. Focus is brought to the presence of glycosides in the raw materials, the effect that winemaking and brewing have on glycoside levels, and current methods for the analysis of glycosidically linked aroma compounds.

Quality Control of Nano-food Packing Material for Grapes (Vitis vinifera) Based on ZnO and Polylactic Acid (PLA) biofilm

Nano-food packaging, the emergence of latest technology based on nanomaterials, created enormous trust to the synthesis of novel packaging incorporated by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. The morphology and structure of biogenically fabricated ZnO-NPs by aloe barbadensis leaves extract were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The fabricated ZnO-NPs were hexagonal in shape and 36.5 nm in size. The zinc oxide nanoparticles at concentration of 0.4% (w/w) and 4% (w/w) are incorporated in polylactic acid (PLA) by solution casting method. Loading of zinc oxide nanoparticle in PLA improved stability, film thickness and elongation. The Vitis vinifera fruit packed in the biofilm was observed for appearance, taste and freshness during ambient storage. ZnO-NPs/PLA packed fruit samples retained their original taste and freshness for 15 days in comparison with the reference samples packed in ZnO-NPs/ PLA (4%) at 400C. The biofilm did not affect the fruit Vitis vinifera quality attributes. The decay content, color change, browning index, gases and metal accumulation observations for Vitis vinifera fruit packed in ZnO-NPs/ PLA (4%) exhibited marvellous results. There were no significant differences between the materials tested (p > 0.05). Intercalation of ZnO-NPs was involved in the form of fillers in PLA by solvent casting method for shelf life augmentation of the selected delicate fruit, Vitis vinifera.

Retrospective evaluation of Vitis vinifera ingestion in dogs presented to emergency clinics in the UK (2012-2016): 606 Cases.

To assess key presenting signs in dogs following Vitis vinifera fruit (VVF) ingestion (grapes, raisins, currants, and sultanas), outcome, and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Retrospective study (2012-2016). Out-of-hours clinics in the United Kingdom. The study population included 606 dogs attending 53 emergency clinics across the United Kingdom following ingestion of VVF. None. Vitis vinifera fruits were found in vomit aftermore than 12hours after ingestion. There was an increased incidence in December. Serum creatinine or urea was measured in 338 dogs; all were within reference intervals. In this cohort of dogs with VVF ingestion, there is no evidence for significant AKI in 32 of 33 cases within 24hours of admission where supportive measures were introduced and repeated assessments of creatinine concentration were performed. All dogs survived to discharge. One out of 33 cases with repeated creatinine concentration developed IRIS AKI grade I within 24hours following VVF ingestion, when current emergency treatment guidelines were followed in whole or part.

Vitis vinifera L. Diversity for Cations and Acidity Is Suitable for Breeding Fruits Coping With Climate Warming.

The selection of grapevine varieties is considered to be the smartest strategy for adapting the viticulture to climate warming. Present knowledge of the diversity of grape solutes known to be influenced by temperature is too limited to perform genetic improvement strategies. This study aimed to characterize the diversity for major cations (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4 +) of the Vitis vinifera fruit and their effect on acidity. Two developmental stages were targeted: the end of green growth, when organic acids reach a maximum, and the physiological ripe stage defined by the stopping of solutes and water import at the maximum volume of the berry. Twelve varieties and 21 microvines from the same segregating population were selected from preliminary phenotyping. The concentration of cations depended on the stage of fruit development, the genotype and the environment with GxE effects. In the ripe grape, K+ concentration varied from 28 to 57 mmol.L-1 with other cations being less concentrated. Combined with the variation in organic acids, cation concentration diversity resulted in titratable acidity of the ripe fruit ranging from 38 to 215 meq.L-1. These results open new perspectives for the selection of varieties to mitigate the adverse effects of climate warming on grape quality.

Green mode synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vitis vinifera’s tannin and screening its antimicrobial activity / apoptotic potential versus cancer cells

A green synthesis was employed to prepare silver nanoparticles via reduction of silver nitrate, by utilize Vitis vinifera fruit skin extract as reductant. The results evident that the silver nanoparticles were well formed, when mixing the methanolic Vitis vinifera fruit skin extract with silver nitrate. The resultant silver nanoparticles was duly characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and scanning electron microscopy equipped with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Further, silver nanoparticles size was measured through SEM, TEM and Zeta potential analysis. The functional group of organic molecules (over Vitis vinifera extract), which is liable for the reduction of silver ions was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. The Vitis vinifera extract and its respective silver nanoparticles produced were investigated for its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria viz., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The results evident the silver nanoparticle’s noteworthy antimicrobial potential against all screened bacteria. Further, anticancer screening of silver nanoparticles found effectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells (HeLa and MCF-7 cells).

Root transcriptome reveals responses to plastic film mulching and grass cover in wine grape 'Cabernet Sauvignon' root and berry

This study was designed to investigate the influence of grass and film mulching on grape (V. vinifera) fruit quality and root transcriptome. The groundcovers (plastic film and seeds of herba portulacae and E. humifusa Willd) were set or sawn on the ground under wine grape plants ('Cabernet Sauvignon'). Test plots in the control group were treated with clean tillage. Properties of plant biochemicals under covers and grape berry quality were determined after two years. RNA-seq was analyzed for grape roots under different treatments. E. humifusa Willd cover increased plant total N and P; and film mulching increased plant total P and decreased plant total K. Herba portulacae cover decreased berry tannin and increased anthocyanin, soluble solid and titratable acid; E. humifusa Willd cover increased anthocyanin, soluble solid and titratable acid. Film mulching increased the contents of berry total phenols, soluble solid, and decreased titratable acid significantly in comparison with clean tillage. Root RNA-seq showed that there were 1, 0, and 42 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in Herba portulacae, E. humifusa Willd and film cover, compared with clean tillage, respectively. Film mulching increased the expression of root high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.1 (NRT2.1), NRT2.4 and glutamine synthetase, which associated with 'Nitrogen metabolism', and decreased the expression of root small class I/II heat shock proteins. Plastic film mulching increased grapple quality properties via activating N metabolism. Film mulching was a more excellent mulching for improving grape quality than grass cover in Ningxia, China.

Biocompatible silver nanoparticles/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers for potential antimicrobial food packaging applications

Abstract Nanotechnology is expected to transform many areas of food science as there is a growing demand for increased fresh food shelf life as well as the need of protection against foodborne diseases, thus, urging for the development of antimicrobial food packaging using the polymer embedded metal nanoparticles. In the present study, the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by a green route using Vitis vinifera (black grapes) fruit peel, characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at 421.6 nm in the ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectrum. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image revealed spherical shaped nanoparticles of average particle size about 30 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the presence of elemental silver and the crystalline nature of AgNPs. A unique green organic-inorganic hybrid nanofibers (poly(vinyl alcohol)–AgNPs) were developed through the electrospinning method, by incorporating the synthesized AgNPs in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, for fruits preservation. The AgNPs and AgPVA nanofiber showed good antibacterial activity against tested food pathogenic bacterial strains. The AgPVA nanofiber demonstrated an increased shelf life when surface-coated over the fruits, Citrus limon (lemon) and Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), by preventing the decaying caused due to food pathogens. These results indicated that AgPVA nanofiber can potentially be used as antimicrobial packaging for food preservative applications.

Determination of Catharanthus flower anthocyanins

Using the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array and mass-spectrometric (in ESI mode) detection, a composition of Catharanthus roseum petals was established. After the acid hydrolysis, all five anthocyanidins were found to be different comparing to the ordinary anthocyanidins from Vitis vinifera fruits. The anthocyanins were elucidated to be 7-O-methyl derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin by the analysis of retention in RP HPLC, mass- and UV-visible spectra. The anthocyanins were characterized with UV-visible spectra, having the same fixtures as the set of non-methylated (in position 7) anthocyanin with hypsochromic (4 nm) of spectral maxima. The absorption bands for 7-methlcyanidin and 7-methylpeonidin aglycons and derivatives were indistinguishable while for the set of 7-methydelphinidin, 7-methypetunidin and 7-methylnalvidin (hirsutidin) a consecutive shift of absorption maxima by approximately 1 – 1.5 nm was found. The same was true for non-methylates at position 7 derivatives. The analysis of retention of anthocyanins of the flowers including the comparison with the retention of Mangifera indica skin anthocyanins, mass- and UV-visible spectra indicated that a minor set of anthocyanins included two sets of derivatives. The minor compounds were found to be 3-galactosides for samples under investigation, while the set of the major anthocyanins was represented by 3-rhamnosilgalactosides. Indeed, though through mass-spectra it was not possible to differentiate 3-rhamnosylgalatosides and 3-( p -coumaroylgalactosides) because of m/z coincidence, the retention difference between the two found anthocyanins sets as well as UV-visible spectra excluded the latter type of derivatives. Key words : anthocyanins, HPLC, 7-O-methyl derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin, 3-galactosides, 3-phamnosylgalactosides, UV-vis spectra, mass-spectrometric detection. (Russian) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.1.001 V.I. Deineka 1 , Y.Y. Kulchenko 1 , А .N. Sidorov 1 , I.P. Blinova 1 , S. М . Varushkina 1 , L. А . Deineka 1 , Anh Thi Ngoc Vu 2 1 Belgorod National Research University, Pobeda str., 85, Belgorod, 308015, Russian Federation 2 RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

COGNITIVE ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF VITIS VINIFERA LINN IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED AMNESIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM OF BRAIN

The present study investigates the effect of ethanolic Vitis vinifera fruit extract on cognitive function in scopolamine, and electroshock induced amnesia in rats. To explore the potential effect, V. vinifera extract was screened by administrating dose (200 mg/kg) for 7 days using scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Cognition parameters were assessed using elevated plus maze and passive avoidance task method with Mentat as standard by using parameters of step down and transfer latency. Acetylcholinesterases enzyme level from brain homogenate was estimated on 7th day. V. vinifera extract (200 mg/kg) showed increase in escape latency (p<0.001) and time spent in target quadrant (p<0.05) while decrease in transfer latency (p<0.001) was observed in scopolamine induced amnesia. Further, pretreatment with V. vinifera (200 mg/kg) significantly reversed the behavioral impairment in scopolamine and electroconvulsive shock induced amnesia. Thus, that ethanolic fruit extract of V. vinifera possesses cognition enhancing property in scopolamine and electroshock induced amnesia models.

Investigation of anti-asthmatic potential of dried fruits of Vitis vinifera L. in animal model of bronchial asthma.

BackgroundFruits of Vitis vinifera L., commonly known as grapes, are largely consumed worldwide because of their high nutritional and medicinal benefits.Context and purposeThe present study investigated effects of V. vinifera fruits in ovalbumin-induced animal model of bronchial asthma.MethodsMale wistar rats (except group 1) were sensitized with allergen (ovalbumin, 40 mg/rat + aluminum hydroxide, 2 mg/rat). Groups of sensitized animals were treated orally with either vehicle (0.4 mL/kg), standard dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) or alcoholic extract of V. vinifera dried fruits (31 and 42.5 mg/kg) from day 1 to 28 (n = 6 for all groups). Inflammatory markers including cell counts, cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, immunoglobulin E (IgE), leukotrienes and nitrite levels in both blood/serum and bronchoalveolar fluid were analysed. Breathing rate and tidal volume as lung function parameters were examined by spirometer. Lung tissues were studied for histamine content and histopathology.ResultsTreatment of sensitized animals with dexamethasone or two doses of V. vinifera fruits extract inhibited recruitment of inflammatory cytokines, IgE, nitrites and circulating cells particularly eosinophils in blood/serum and bronchoalveolar fluid (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Dexamethasone and V. vinifera fruits extract treatment also normalized lung functions and histamine levels compared to ovalbumin-sensitized controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Moreover, both drugs exhibited protection against airway inflammation in lung histology.ConclusionResults of study demonstrate the effectiveness of V. vinifera fruits in allergic asthma possibly related to its ability to inhibit cellular response and subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13223-016-0145-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.