Villages In Vietnam Research Articles

Law on environmental protection in tourist villages in the context of sustainable development of the tourism industry: A qualitative case study in Vietnam

After the Covid-19 pandemic, Vietnam's tourism industry welcomed 1.37 million international visitors. For the whole year 2023, the total number of international visitors will reach 12.6 million, nearly 3.5 times higher than in 2022, exceeding 57% of the original target (8 million) and reaching the adjusted target (12 -13 million views). In Vietnam, which a country which is undergoing economic development, this is a good sign for many workers and businesses, but it can create great pressure on environmental protection in many localities with tourist destinations. For example, as a destination attracting foreign tourists in Hoi A City, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam, the average amount of waste per day is nearly 100 tons; of which single-use plastic waste accounts for 15 - 23% (Thu Huong 2022). In order to prevent and minimize environmental pollution in tourist villages, the Goverment of Vietnam has issued many different documents such as: Decree No. 08/2022/ND-CP orienting no circulation after 2025 and using single-use plastic products and non-biodegradable plastic packaging in tourist areas and destinations; Decision No. 1316/QD-TTg Project to strengthen plastic waste management in Vietnam also points out that by 2025, 100% of tourist resorts and accommodation establishments will not use single-use plastic products and plastic bags which are so hard to decompose. In addition, the Government has also issued a set of criteria guiding environmental protection for tourism establishments and services in tourist areas and destinations, with instructions on minimizing plastic waste...However, around the issue of environmental protection in tourist villages in Vietnam, there are still problems that need to be solved. Through qualitative analysis method, the authors will analyze and propose solutions to remove regulations related to environmental protection mechanisms in tourist villages, aiming at sustainable development of the tourism industry towards a circular economy in the current period.

VĂN HÓA DÒNG HỌ TRONG LÀNG XÃ TRUYỀN THỐNG XỨ THANH: NGHIÊN CỨU TRƯỜNG HỢP LÀNG HOẰNG LỘC THỜI TRUNG ĐẠI

Lineage, known as “dòng họ” in Vietnamese or “Tông tộc” in Han characters, symbolize the intricate familial and inter-familial relationships based on shared bloodlines. The proverb “within the lineage, outside the village” has long been used to describe the enduring bond between lineages and the traditional villages in Vietnam. Lineage culture encompasses deep-rooted and sacred values that resonate through generations. This article aims to explore the essence of lineage culture within the context of traditional villages in the Thanh region, focusing on the captivating case study of Hoang Loc Village (Hoang Hoa, Thanh Hoa) in the medieval period. Through this research, we hope to shed light on the distinct characteristics of village culture in the Thanh region, while considering the broader framework of traditional Vietnamese village culture.

The Work of Craft in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction: The Lai Xá Photography Village in Vietnam

In Lai Xá Village, Vietnam, studio photography is the village handicraft. Counter to Walter Benjamin’s characterization of the click of a button, privileging eye over hand, but typical of many craft traditions, photographers there describe painstaking apprenticeships through which they learned to master the tools and materials of their craft. They learned to compensate for the shifting properties of light, climate, humidity, and irregular supplies of electricity, chemicals and printing paper, and adapted to changing regimes of technique and labor organization. As in many other craft traditions, apprentices often acquired their most valuable knowledge by stealth. We argue that studio photography belongs within contemporary discussions of craft as a handed, adaptive, engaged, small-scale social practice, and that craft awareness enables a richer ethnographic understanding of the work of studio photographers, both material and social.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Dioxins and Furans Occurrence in River Sediments from a Secondary Steel Recycling Craft Village in Northern Vietnam.

This first study investigated the presence of dioxins and furans in river sediments around a craft village in Vietnam, focusing on Secondary Steel Recycling. Sediment samples were collected from various locations along the riverbed near the Da Hoi Secondary Steel Recycling village in Bac Ninh province. The analysis was conducted using a HRGC/HRMS-DFS device, detecting a total of 17 dioxin/furan isomers in all samples, with an average total concentration of 288.86 ng/kg d.w. The concentrations of dioxin/furan congeners showed minimal variation among sediment samples, ranging from 253.9 to 344.2 ng/kg d.w. The predominant compounds in the dioxin group were OCDD, while in the furan group, they were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDF. The chlorine content in the molecule appeared to be closely related to the concentration of dioxins and their percentage distribution. However, the levels of furan isomers did not vary significantly. The distribution of these compounds was not dependent on the flow direction, as they were mainly found in solid waste and are not water-soluble. Although the hepta and octa congeners had high concentrations, when converted to TEQ values, the tetra and penta groups (for dioxins) and the penta and hexa groups (for furans) contributed more to toxicity. Furthermore, the source of dioxins in sediments at Da Hoi does not only originate from steel recycling production activities but also from other combustion sites. The average total toxicity was 10.92 ng TEQ/kg d.w, ranging from 4.99 to 17.88 ng TEQ/kg d.w, which did not exceed the threshold specified in QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT, the National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality. Nonetheless, these levels are still concerning. The presence of these toxic substances not only impacts aquatic organisms in the sampled water environment but also poses potential health risks to residents living nearby.

Analyzing the Vulnerability of Children of Recovered Leprosy Patients: A Case Study of a Leprosy Village in Vietnam

Analyzing the Vulnerability of Children of Recovered Leprosy Patients: A Case Study of a Leprosy Village in Vietnam

Clinical application of fluorescence lasers to evaluate the efficacy of arresting caries with silver diamine fluoride

Objective: This clinical trial used fluorescence lasers to assess the effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in preventing active dentin caries in baby teeth. Subject and method: Preschool children aged 3 to 5 years old with at least one active dentin caries lesion were selected from a SOS Children's Village in Vietnam. A total of 32 children with 126 caries lesions were treated with 38% SDF, applied only once. DIAGNOdent pen 2190 - Kavo device and sharp sickle-shaped probes were used to evaluate lesions independently at certain timepoints including: Before the intervention and 5 minutes, one day, and one week after the intervention. For the evaluation of treatment results, the caries lesions were diagnosed as prevented if their surfaces were hard and difficult to probe or the measured laser index ≤ 20, while the lesions were assessed as active if they were soft and easy to probe or the measured laser index > 20. Result: In general, before SDF was applied, all decayed tooth surfaces had soft dentin and laser indexes > 30. The average value of laser index measured on caries lesions was significantly reduced from 88.2 (SD = 9.3) at baseline to 19.6 (SD = 13.7) at one week after intervention (p<0.001, χ2 test). Based on fluorescence laser method, the caries arrest rates were 80.2%, 73.2% and 70.6% respectively for the post-intervention periods, while the assessment by probes for caries arrest rates were 82.5%, 80.2% and 77.8%, respectively (p<0.05, χ2 test). The difference between the two methods was due to some caries lesions that were smooth and hard on probing but still have laser index > 20. Conclusion: The fluorescence laser device can be applied clinically to assess the effectiveness of preventing caries with SDF, the evaluation results are more accurate than the lesion probe method.

Organizing Tekhnē: Configuring processes and politics through craft

In this paper we investigate how craft as tekhnē configures organizations and their politics by exploring the relations of technology and organization. Through a two-year ethnographic study of remote craft villages in Vietnam, we consider how political concerns are mobilized, distributed and materialized through craft. Defining craft as a process of organizing that often involves mundane objects, but also sits at the centre of political concerns, we are interested in understanding how craft as tekhnē is realized in organizations and suggest two key features: craft as a location for politics and as a basis for mobilizing politics of scale. We provide three main contributions. First, we show that tekhnē can hold steady a focus on organizing through mundane objects. Second, we demonstrate that attending to the mundane reveals distinct relationships between technology and forms of organizing, that mobilize political concerns. Third, we explore the ways mundane objects of tekhnē are not only involved in representing and preserving cultural heritage, but also in challenging the marginalized status of these communities.

Impacts of Climate Change on Fishing Villages in the North Vietnam

This article assesses the impact of climate change on the fishing activities of businesses, households and fishermen in the Northern coastal villages of Vietnam. From the data published by the state agencies and case studies in some fishing villages in the Northern region, this article assumes that the coastal fishing villages has a long history, making important contributions to the economic and social development. In recent years, fishing activities have expanded but are also affected by the consequences of climate change. Aware of this problem, businesses, households and fishermen have many measures to respond, but the effectiveness is still not high. Therefore, the study suggests that the government should pay more attention to improving the ability to predict early, accurately the location and evolution of rain, storm, etc. Exploiters need to be more proactive in equipping rescue equipment on ships and boats when going out to sea.

Adaptive reuse of local buildings in Sapa, Vietnam for cultural tourism development towards sustainability

Literature shows that adaptive reuse must consider vernacular architecture. For a tourism town like Sapa and its neighbouring villages in Vietnam, which is characterised with diverse terrain and climate conditions, adaptive reuse of housing regarding vernacular architecture needs to be addressed as sustainable local cultural values to attract tourists, especially foreign tourists. This paper, using data collected from 5 neighboring villages of Sapa, has investigated the villages’ residence characteristics, customs, and traditional house building designs styles and types of villages. A triangular approach of historical approach, systematic approach and the interdisciplinary approach has been adopted for the research to discover, consolidate and promote the values of village landscape and traditional housing. The proposed approach ensures villages retain their traditional indigenous state by building the image of traditional buildings encouraging concentrated living, and implementing concentrated tourism by village. Small sized areas can adopt small types of tourist accommodation. Both adaptation to climate and environmental change and adaptation to the deep intervention of technology in life need to be considered. The proposals will not only help protect the special values of Sapa, but also make good use of new development opportunities.

Water environmental protection in craft villages of Vietnam

Craft villages are a unique feature of rural Vietnam. They play an important role in rural social - economic development and contribute to industrialisation and modernisation processes. Craft village development contributes to poverty alleviation and hunger eradication in rural areas, provides jobs in leisure time, improves incomes and quality of life etc. However, the sustainable development of craft villages has yet to receive due attention from legislation and administrative authorities at all levels. Unlike many countries in the world, craft villages in Vietnam are not only associated with the preservation of cultural values but also exist as industrial clusters. Based on traditional activities, craft villages of Vietnam are characterized by small-scale level, manually operated equipment and backward technologies, low material/fuel efficiency, suffered limitations of manufacturing space and possessed insufficient awareness on environment and health protection of the people. Because of this, a number of the activities of the craft villages have imposed pressure on their respective environments, and the surrounding communities, especially water environmental pollution. This article focuses on the challenges of water environmental protection in craft villages of Vietnam; It also provides shortcomings in water environmental management in craft villages and recommendation to amend and supplement regulations and mechanisms related to water environmental management in craft villages in Vietnam.

Cultural tourism villages: the strategy for the rural tourism development associated with the new rural construction

Along with the development of the rural tourism, cultural tourism villages have developed in a number of countries around the world. In Vietnam, cultural villages are known after implementing the "One Commune One Product" (OCOP) program, which focuses on piloting the ten models of cultural tourism villages associated with the national target program of building the new rural construction (NRC). The model of the cultural tourism village is an expression of the specifications of local tourism products on the basis of promoting the internal values of each region and creating an income increase for rural areas in order to fulfill the income criteria, which are hard to achieve in the process of the new rural construction. Cultural tourism village is the convergence of cultural values, landscapes, customs and products of the typical region. By taking a practical approach in supporting the development of cultural tourism village projects in some localities such as Ben Tre, Dong Thap, and Ca Mau, the author presents the viewpoints and orientations in the development of cultural tourism villages in Vietnam, thereby contributing a scientific basis to proposing solutions to develop the rural tourism in association with the new rural construction.

Vietnamese Return Migrants' Prosocial Behavior in Their Rural Home Communities*

AbstractRural immigrants, including return migrants, introduce new beliefs, ideas, cultures, and behavioral styles, which can serve as new blood to rural areas. The aim of the present paper is to attach an additional meaning to this metaphoric expression, demonstrating that return migrants are more prosocial than others in rural regions, thereby enhancing rural social capital in the short and long run. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and data from a total of 250 participants were collected from a rural village in Vietnam, including 107 return migrants. Their prosociality was measured using the “giving” part of the 2‐Way social support scale and the social generativity scale. Consistent with the literature, the possession of migration experiences was significantly associated with both of these two scale scores. Taken together with a supplementary qualitative survey on the motivation for return migrants' decision to migrate, the results show that migration experience makes returnees more prosocial, rather than prosocial villagers selectively out‐migrating. The present study contributes to the deepening debate about whether sending people to more developed regions is beneficial for less developed regions. It concluded that the sending side can benefit from return migrants' prosocial behavior and thus the strengthening of social capital in rural areas. The practical implications are also discussed.

Decentralised, small-scale coagulation-membrane treatment of wastewater from metal recycling villages - a case study from Vietnam.

Effective treatment of wastewaters laden with heavy metals is critical to the sustainable social and economic growth of metal recycling villages in Vietnam. Currently, most wastewaters from metal recycling villages in Vietnam are directly discharged, posing great threats to the environment and human health. In this study, a small-scale combined coagulation-membrane filtration treatment of wastewater collected from a metal recycling village in Vietnam was experimentally investigated. The experimental results manifested the technical viability of the combined coagulation-membrane filtration process for the treatment of the heavily polluted metal recycling wastewater for beneficial reuse. In this combined treatment process, coagulation using ferric chloride (FeCl2) served as a pre-treatment prior to the microfiltration (MF)/reverse osmosis (RO) process. Under the optimised conditions, coagulation at the dosage of 0.2 g FeCl2 per 1,000 ml wastewater removed more than 90% of heavy metals (i.e. most notably including aluminium and chromium) from the wastewater, reducing the aluminium and chromium concentrations in the wastewater from 548.0 to 52.3 mg/L to 32.6 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively. The MF treatment of the wastewater following the coagulation further removed suspended solids and organic matters, rendering the wastewater safe for the subsequent RO filtration with respect to membrane fouling. Given the efficient pre-treatment of coagulation and MF, the RO process at the controlled water recovery of 50% was able to effectively treat the wastewater to potable water.

Regional material flow behaviors of agro‐food processing craft villages in Red River Delta, Vietnam

The economic reform “Đổi Mới” in 1986 has rapidly increased the number of craft villages in Vietnam, especially in the Red River Delta (RRD) leading to environmental degradation. This article presents an assessment of environmental and resource issues of agro‐Food Processing Craft Villages (FPCVs) in RRD using a refined approach to material flow analysis focusing on consistent quantification of uncertainty with particular attention to secondary and empirical data that are often faced in material flow analyses in transition economies. Material flows of agro‐Food Processing including eight types of production were examined and linked to activities of private Households, Rice Cultivation, and Pig Farming in a model called Red River Delta. Materials investigated were Goods (i.e., total materials), organic carbon (org.C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The findings reveal material cycles are almost entirely open, that is, the materials used in FPCVs do not recycle within the region. From ∼10.5 million tons/year of imported Goods used for agro‐Food Processing, final products and utilized materials account for minor fractions (∼5%, by weight). Conversely, the majority (88%) is directly discharged. Materials accumulated as stocks represent 1% of Goods (100,000 tons/year), 21% of org.C (∼34,000 tons/year), 42% of N (∼1,300 tons/year), and 57% of P (∼300 tons/year), whose substance concentrations vastly exceed natural resilience capacities. Although agro‐Food Processing accounts for negligible material shares in Red River Delta, FPCVs pollution is severe at local levels due to the location of home‐based production. Several options for closing material loops at various system scales are recommended for environmental and resource management of FPCVs. The material flow analysis results provide a database that may be used as a decision support tool for production establishments in craft villages and relevant authorities in setting priorities on environmental planning and resource management. This article met the requirements for a gold – silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

Thiết kế máy cắt bột và tạo viên trân châu hỗ trợ các làng nghề sản xuất bột truyền thống

The paper presents an automatically cutting solution for wet rice flour at traditional rice flour village in Vietnam. Rice sunk in water and grinded into rice flour liquid is compressed and cut into smaller flour blocks. To make them easily dry and relatively uniform, an automatically cutting mechanism is proposed. According to experience of rice flour producers at the traditional rice flour village and practical tests, automatically cutting mechanism using a lead screw is proposed in this work. The testing results at My Tu traditional rice flour village show that the lead screw-based compression mechanism gives naturally uniform rice flour blocks. The average capacity of the designed machine is approximately 400 kg/day. To make the machine more flexible, a mechanism for producing flour pearls is integrated. A cutting frame for creating cylindrical flour bars is installed in the cutting machine. Each cylindrical flour bar is automatically cut and crumpled up flour pearls based on two rollers with the same direction but their different speeds. The practical results show that the proposed method should be applied at traditional rice flour villages in Mekong Delta area and Vietnam as well.

Religious Life of the Christian in Bui Chu Diocese - Nam Dinh Today (From the Influence of Beliefs in the Tutelary God of a Village in Vietnam)

Traditional Vietnamese beliefs are an integral part of national traditional culture, nurtured and protected in Vietnamese villages. When Catholicism was introduced into the Bui Chu - Nam Dinh area, there were changes in the religious life of the Catholic Bui Chu in accordance with traditional Vietnamese beliefs, including the belief in the tutelary god of a village. Every year, Bui Chu diocese celebrates two important ceremonies, one of which is the Feast of St. Dominic. This ceremony clearly demonstrates the influence of beliefs of Vietnamese in the Tutelary gods on the life of the Catholics in Bui Chu. The article is based on a number of studies on Vietnamese traditional beliefs in Bui Chu - Nam Dịnh diocese such as “Hai Hau Geography Book” of Hai Hau District People's Committee, Nam Dinh Province, "the History of the Parties in Xuan Truong district, 1930-2000" by the Executive Committee of Xuan Truong district, "Nam Dinh Geography Book" by the provincial Party Committee, the People's Committee of Nam Dinh province, "History of Bui Chu diocese” of Tran Duc Huynh", "Vietnamese history considered by the King". In this paper, the writer will focus on two periods Before and After Vatican II to portray the profound changes in the religious life of Catholics Bui Chu due to the influence of the belief in the village tutelary, expressing a gratitude to those who had the merit of establishing and setting up villages and participate in festivals which boosts the cohesion of the community more tightly.

Unpacking local impacts of climate change: learning with a coastal community in Central Vietnam

Large-scale climate models (LCM) have been used to understand climate change and its effects, but there remains a concern about their inability fully to reflect local contexts and about a high degree of their uncertainty. Through a case study that involved residents of a coastal community in Central Vietnam, this paper presents how local people perceive climate change and characterize climate impacts on their life. Findings of the study show that local people perceive a variety of important manifestations of climate change, especially temperature, rainfall, sea level rise and monsoons, although they have limited ideas about future climate change. In addition, local people unpack the complexity of climate impacts through interactions among climatic events, livelihoods and the five capitals (physical, natural, financial, human and social resources). Findings of the research suggest that it will be necessary to move away from viewing coastal villages in Vietnam as homogenous units with shared climate experiences, and to combine both local experience and scientific evidence based on LCMs to promote the synergies and address the limitations of the two sources of information for climate interventions at the local level.

Sequencing Batch Reactor and Bacterial Community in Aerobic Granular Sludge for Wastewater Treatment of Noodle-Manufacturing Sector

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has been increasingly applied in the control of high organic wastewater. In this study, SBR with aerobic granular sludge was used for wastewater treatment in a noodle-manufacturing village in Vietnam. The results showed that after two months of operation, the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorous removal efficiency of aerobic granular SBR reached 92%, 83% and 75%, respectively. Bacterial diversity and bacterial community in wastewater treatment were examined using Illumina Miseq sequencing to amplify the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. A high diversity of bacteria was observed in the activated sludge, with more than 400 bacterial genera and 700 species. The predominant genus was Lactococcus (21.35%) mainly containing Lactococcus chungangensis species. Predicted functional analysis showed a high representation of genes involved in membrane transport (12.217%), amino acid metabolism (10.067%), and carbohydrate metabolism (9.597%). Genes responsible for starch and sucrose metabolism accounted for 0.57% of the total reads and the composition of starch hydrolytic enzymes including α-amylase, starch phosphorylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme. The presence of these enzymes in the SBR system may improve the removal of starch pollutants in wastewater.

The persistence and oscillations of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections over time in Vietnam: an open cohort study

SummaryBackgroundA substantial proportion of Plasmodium species infections are asymptomatic with densities too low to be detectable with standard diagnostic techniques. The importance of such asymptomatic plasmodium infections in malaria transmission is probably related to their duration and density. To explore the duration of asymptomatic plasmodium infections and changes in parasite densities over time, a cohort of participants who were infected with Plasmodium parasites was observed over a 2-year follow-up period.MethodsIn this open cohort study, inhabitants of four villages in Vietnam were invited to participate in baseline and subsequent 3-monthly surveys up to 24 months, which included the collection of venous blood samples. Samples were batch-screened using ultra-sensitive (u)PCR (lower limit of detection of 22 parasites per mL). Participants found to be infected by uPCR during any of these surveys were invited to join a prospective cohort and provide monthly blood samples. We estimated the persistence of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections and changes in parasite densities over a study period of 24 months.FindingsBetween Dec 1, 2013, and Jan 8, 2016, 356 villagers participated in between one and 22 surveys. These study participants underwent 4248 uPCR evaluations (11·9 tests per participant). 1874 (32%) of 4248 uPCR tests indicated a plasmodium infection; 679 (36%) of 1874 tests were P falciparum monoinfections, 507 (27%) were P vivax monoinfections, 463 (25%) were co-infections with P falciparum and P vivax, and 225 (12%) were indeterminate species of Plasmodium. The median duration of P falciparum infection was 2 months (IQR 1–3); after accounting for censoring, participants had a 20% chance of having parasitaemia for 4 months or longer. The median duration of P vivax infection was 6 months (3–9), and participants had a 59% chance of having parasitaemia for 4 months or longer. The parasite densities of persistent infections oscillated; following ultralow-density infections, high-density infections developed frequently.InterpretationPersistent largely asymptomatic P vivax and P falciparum infections are common in this area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Infections with low-density parasitaemias can develop into much higher density infections at a later time, which are likely to sustain malaria endemicity.FundingThe Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Soil pollution by chlorobenzenes and polychlorinated biphenyls from an electronic waste recycling area in Northern Vietnam

We investigated soil pollution by chlorobenzenes (CBzs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Bui Dau, a village in Vietnam known for informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling activities. The total concentrations of CBzs and PCBs ranged from 17 to 1,400 ng/g and 2.0 to 7,200 ng/g, respectively, with the highest concentrations of the two compounds detected at e-waste open burning sites (EOBSs) in the survey area. The homologue profiles of CBzs and PCBs in the soils collected at the EOBSs were different from those in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash. This result suggests that CBzs are formed from different processes during the open burning of e-waste and municipal solid waste incineration, even though both are combustion processes. The spatial distributions of CBzs and PCBs and the results of a multiple comparison test showed that these compounds were released from the EOBSs and spread around this survey area.