Village Habitats Research Articles

How does energy utilization affect rural sustainability development in traditional villages? Re-examination from the coupling coordination degree of atmosphere-ecology-socioeconomics system

In the face of global environmental challenges and China's commitment to achieving carbon neutrality, understanding the impact of energy transition in rural areas, particularly in traditional villages, becomes crucial for sustainable development. Based on 703 traditional villages in Hunan Province from 2005 to 2020, this study conducts a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of energy utilization, and analyzes the influence of energy utilization on the coupling coordination of the Atmosphere-Ecology-Socioeconomics System. The findings reveal a fluctuating trend in traditional villages' coupling coordination degree (CCD), particularly higher in western Hunan Province, and a notable reduction in regional disparities over time. The traditional villages' atmospheric conditions are better than the social and ecological conditions, which reflects the importance of improving socioeconomics and ecological subsystems for coupling coordination development. The study identifies that all seven energy utilization factors have positive effects on CCD. Forest vegetation carbon stocks and total energy consumption are critical drivers of CCD, highlighting spatial heterogeneity in their impacts on the CCD across different regions. Additionally, from 2005 to 2020, the effects of Forest Understory Vegetation Carbon Stocks on coupling coordination changed from widespread to localized, while Total Energy Consumption's impact was consistently localized. This paper reevaluates the role of energy management in enhancing the quality of traditional village habitats and offers valuable insights into environmental management and sustainable development in traditional villages, providing compelling evidence for policymakers.

Expanding the Associations between Landscape Characteristics and Aesthetic Sensory Perception for Traditional Village Public Space

Traditional village landscapes have a cultural and regional significance, and the visual aesthetic quality of the landscape is widely regarded as a valuable resource to benefit the health and well-being of urban residents. Although the literature has analyzed the influential mechanism of landscape features on aesthetic senses, most were from a single dimension. To improve the precision of the landscape aesthetic evaluation method, this study expanded the indicators for landscape characteristics of public spaces in traditional villages by incorporating multiple dimensions, such as landscape visual attraction elements and landscape color. It explored their associations with sensory preferences in a case study in Dongshan (a peninsula) and Xishan (an island) of Taihu Lake. We used multi-source data, a semantic segmentation model, and R language to identify landscape characteristic indicators quantitatively. The research results indicated that the accuracy of the aesthetic sensory assessment model integrating multi-dimensional landscape characteristic indicators was significantly improved; in the open space of traditional villages, the public preferred a scenario with a high proportion of trees, relatively open space, mild and uniform color tones, suitability for movement, and the ability to produce a restorative and peaceful atmosphere. This study can provide a guarantee for the efficient use of village landscape resources, the optimization of rural landscapes, and the precise enhancement of traditional village habitat.

Color Extraction and Replacement of Traditional Water Town Landscape Based on Visual Perception Theory—— Take Zhujia Village in Shijiu Lake, Lishui, Nanjing as an Example

Color is one of the important carriers in traditional village composition, which reflects the characteristic culture of village. It embodies the local attributes and characteristics of a village, carries the unique regional culture, and shapes the rural civilization. At the same time, the color of rural landscape also has strong regional characteristics, which is the external expression of rural landscape style, history and culture. This paper attempts to deeply interpret the color of rural landscape from the perspective of visual perception theory, focusing on the components of the color of traditional water towns. The thesis also extracts and designs the landscape colors of the traditional water village Zhujia Village, so as to build a traditional water village landscape integrating historical culture, fishing culture and multi-function. By analyzing the application of landscape colors in Zhujia Village, the thesis aims to create a beautiful and harmonious traditional water village habitat space.

Roadkills in Northern Peninsular Malaysia

As Malaysia’s economy continues to grow, an ever-expanding road network is being built to support the new developments. Whilst roads increase accessibility to resources and connect human communities, they also bring with them a host of environmental problems such as destruction and fragmentation of habitat, poaching, pollution, and roadkills. Of these, roadkills are the most direct and visible impact of building roads, yet few dedicated studies have been conducted on the extent of roadkills and how to minimize them in Malaysia. In this study, we examined the species richness and abundance of vertebrate roadkills along eight one-km stretches (two in each habitat) of highways in Terengganu and Pahang across four habitat types: rainforest, oil palm plantation, subsistence agricultural land, and village. Each stretch of highway was surveyed by walking it six times between May to October 2017 for the Terengganu segments and May to October 2018 for the Pahang segments. A total of 305 roadkilled animals were recorded, consisting of at least 24 species. Three of these are protected by Malaysian law. The most common roadkilled animals were frogs (102 individuals) followed by birds (70 individuals), mammals (67 individuals) and reptiles (66 individuals). The highest number of roadkills were recorded in roads going through villages (112 individuals), followed by oil palm plantations (81 individuals), forests (65 individuals) and subsistence agricultural land (47 individuals). For every roadkill we also recorded the location’s specific habitat and landscape characteristics such as distance to the nearest fruit tree, tree, shrub, water body, human structure, and overhead cable. Most roadkills were found close to vegetation cover and water bodies. However, we found that roadkills decreased to near zero between 30 and 80 m from the nearest shrub or tree. Roadkills decreased over larger distances from the nearest water body, but in oil palm and village habitats, reducing water bodies within 20–50 m from a road would almost half the number of roadkills. We suggest that making changes to the structure and composition of roadside vegetation and other landscape features, such as thinning vegetation to discourage wildlife from gathering near roads, could significantly reduce the number of roadkills.

Genetic structure of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in local forest and domestic habitats in Gabon and Kenya

BackgroundThe mosquito Aedes aegypti is a devastating disease vector transmitting several important human arboviral diseases. In its native range in Africa, the mosquito can be found in both the ancestral forest habitat and anthropogenic habitats such as villages. How do the different habitats impact the population genetic structure of the local mosquito populations?MethodsTo address this question, we simultaneously sampled Ae. aegypti from the forest and local villages in La Lopé, Gabon and Rabai, Kenya. The mosquitoes were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and a panel of ~25,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which allowed us to estimate their genetic ancestries and the population genetic structure related to habitats and sampling sites.ResultsIn the context of the global population genetic structure of Ae. aegypti, clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from the same locality (La Lopé or Rabai) have similar genetic ancestry, regardless of their habitats. Further analysis at the local scale also found no strong genetic differentiation between the forest and village mosquitoes in both La Lopé and Rabai. Interestingly, these results from our 2017 samples from Rabai, Kenya contrast to the documentation of genetic differentiation between village and forest mosquito collections from 1975–1976 and 2009. Between-habitat measures of genetic difference (Fst) vary across the genome, with a peak of high divergence observed at the third chromosome only in the La Lopé populations.ConclusionCollectively, these results demonstrated that there is little genetic isolation between forest and village habitats, which suggests possible extensive gene flow between them. From an epidemiological perspective, the forest habitat could act as a refuge for mosquitoes against vector control programmes in the domestic settings. Moreover, sylvatic populations could play a role in zoonotic pathogen transferred to humans. Therefore, future studies on disease transmission and vector control planning in the study area should take natural populations into consideration.

Geospatial analysis and simulation of glacial lake outburst flood hazard in Shyok Basin of Pakistan

The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is prone to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). Physical monitoring of such a large area on regular basis is a challenging task especially when the temporal and spatial extent of the hazard is highly variable. The study has been conducted in the Shyok sub-basin of UIB, where there are several human settlements which are endangered due to the GLOF hazard. Sudden breaches in the unstable moraine dams adjoining receding glaciers may occur because of rapid and huge accumulation of turbulent water in the glacial lakes. The purpose of this study was to map the two potentially dangerous glacial lakes and simulate the associated hazard in the downward settlements using HEC-RAS in the GIS environment using Landsat 7 remote sensing data. The ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is utilized to detect flow accumulation of glacial hazard involving slope, elevation, and orientation of the mountain glaciers. The study results have revealed that settlements of the Shyok Basin are threatened by the GLOF hazard. Keeping in view the seasonal growth of the two potentially dangerous glacial lakes of the Shyok Basin, a low discharge of 100 m3/s from both lakes can affect 20%, whereas a moderate discharge of 300 m3/s and a high discharge of 500 m3/s, respectively, can impact 30% and 40% of the Barah village habitat. The results of the study can provide a platform for the establishment of an early warning and monitoring system to minimize the impact of future GLOFs.

黄淮平原农业景观鸟类多样性及生境差异

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄淮平原农业景观鸟类多样性及生境差异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201712132246 作者: 作者单位: 河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室;河南大学环境与规划学院,河南大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31600374，41371195）；河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目（16A180022）；河南省博士后科研项目（2015049） Bird diversity during the breeding period in different habitats in an agricultural landscape in the Huang-Huai plain Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan) 31600374, 41371195 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:农业景观中的鸟类多样性对生态系统功能和服务的形成与维持具有重要作用。黄淮平原区是我国最重要的农业景观区之一，为探讨区域内农业景观中鸟类多样性特征和不同生境间的差异，在研究区农业景观不同生境中布设样点，调查繁殖期鸟类多样性特征。结果显示：（1）共记录到32科、49属、66种的10044只个体，但优势科属明显；（2）物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度均表现出在沟渠、湖泊生境中较高，农田和村庄生境中相对较低，但物种多度呈现出村庄生境中最高，其次是沟渠和农田生境，湖泊生境中最低；（3）在区系分布上，各生境中均以广布种为主，生态类群上，鸣禽在各生境中均占绝对优势，涉禽和游禽主要分布在沟渠和湖泊生境中，从居留型来看，留鸟是各生境中的主导类群，候鸟、旅鸟和迷鸟比例很低；（4）鸟类群落异质性分析显示，各生境间的相似性总体上较高，表明区域内农业景观中鸟类组成具有较高的重叠性。研究显示农业景观中湖泊和沟渠的存在能有效的提高区域鸟类的丰富度和多样性，而沟渠的存在能有效的提高鸟类个体多度，农田和村庄有助于特定类群多度的增加，因此在未来的区域持续农业景观的构建中一方面要重视自然、半自然非农生境的作用，另一方面也不能忽视不同生物类群对景观异质性响应和对生境特征需求的差异。 Abstract:The diversity of birds in agricultural landscapes plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of ecosystem functions and services. The Huang-Huai plain is among the most important agricultural areas in China. With the continuing expansion of agricultural lands and the intensification of land-use, bird diversity in agricultural landscapes is declining all worldwide. To explore the diversity of birds in different habitats of the agricultural landscape in the Huang-Huai plain, we set up transects across different habitats in this area and investigated bird diversity characteristics during the breeding period. Our results showed that:(1) a total of 10044 individuals in 32 families, 49 genera, and 66 species were recorded; however, several families and genera were obviously dominant. (2) Species richness, diversity, and evenness were all higher in the habitats of ditch and lake, and relatively low in habitats of farmland and village. However, species abundance was highest in the village habitat, followed by ditch and farmland habitats, whereas in the lake habitat it was the lowest. (3) Analysis of faunal distribution showed that cosmopolitan species dominated any given habitat. In terms of ecological groups, the songbirds were the dominant species in all habitats, whereas the waders and swimming-birds were mainly distributed in the ditch and lake habitats. In terms of residence type, however, residents formed the dominant group in all habitats, and migrators, travelers, and stragglers appeared occasionally. (4) The high community similarity among the habitats indicated that bird species compositions were overlapped substantially across habitats in the agricultural landscape. Overall, the habitats of ditch and lake in the agricultural landscape could effectively improve the regional species richness and diversity, and the presence of ditches could further increase the abundance of birds, whereas the habitats of farmland and village may only enhance the abundance of specific bird species. This study emphasized the potential contributions of natural and semi-natural habitats to the construction of a sustainable agricultural landscape in the future; however, the differences in the responses to landscape heterogeneity and habitat requirements of different biological groups should not be ignored. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Role of Rodents in Poultry Environs and their Management

Many poor and middle class farmers in developing countries are taking up poultry since the industry has become a major source of income. Poor quality sheds and their proximity to the crop fields and village habitats result in migration of premise pests like flies, cockroaches, rodents in to the poultry environment contributing to significant losses. Among them rodents take primary share due to their role as pests as well as vectors. They make both qualitative and quantitative losses by feed and egg consumption, losses to the structures, nuisance value causing loss of productivity in the farms. In addition, they transmit dreaded disease like Salmonellosis, Pasteurellosis, Mycoplasmosis, Hemorrhagic enteritis, Hymenolepiasis, Capilariasis, and Ascaridiasis to the birds. A Global level review was made on different rodent species responsible for these losses, the characteristic features of major pests. The procedures involved in inspection of the poultry premises and assessing the rodent infestation were spelled out to facilitate planning the rodent management measures. The available management practices of prevention of these unwanted creatures in to the poultry premises along with curative practices viz., using traps and rodenticides were spelled out. It is expected that by managing rodent pests/vectors, both food and health security would be ensured.

Diversidad de Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Océano Pacífico, Colombia)

Psocopterans are insects that have been recorded from all zoogeographic regions but have more species in the tropics. We studied their diversity of in four habitats (Beaches, Village, Trails and Arboreal strata) at the Gorgona National Natural Park, Colombia, from samples collected during November 2009 and October 2010. We added the arboreal Psocoptera collected by canopy fogging in November 2007. The specimens collected were identified to genus and/or to species or morphospecies level. Comparisons were made of the richness and diversity among sites. Although there was no significant difference in the diversity estimated by the Shannon-Wiener index, high species richness and abundance were recorded for the Beaches and Village habitats. The psocid community of Gorgona occurs mainly where vegetation cover is low. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 257-264. Epub 2014 February 01.

Macrofungal diversity and habitat specificity: a case study

The diversity of macrofungi in the lateritic region of West Bengal was explored and 120 species, one subgenus and a variety, having eight ecological functions, were found to grow among three types of habitats, i.e. natural forests, plantation forests and villages. Yate’s corrected chi-square (χ2) test statistic was performed upon the 2 × 2 table (contingency table) and testing the null hypotheses of independence of observed cell frequencies of the presence/absence of a species in a given habitat type. Various degrees of specificities of macrofungi to their habitats were observed, i.e. Amanita vaginata, Astraeus hygrometricus, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius zonarius, Porphyrellus malaccensis, Russula brevipes, Russula delica, Russula emetica and Russula laurocerasi were absolutely specific for natural forests; Pisolithus arhizus and Ramaria fumigata were absolutely specific for plantation forests; Auricularia auricula, Schizophyllum commune and Termitomyces clypeatus (only association coefficient 100%) were found to absolutely specific for village habitat. MS Excel-based formulas for calculation of association/specificity of species to habitat and species to species as well as other diversity indices are provided. Local and tribal populations used 19 species of macrofungi during their fruiting period, of which 17 had culinary values and four were locally considered medicinal. This study is a first of its kind, and has various applications to allied disciplines in understanding diversity, ecology and biological prospects of the macrofungal realm.

Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in White Nile, Sudan

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been known to occur since the 1980s on the western bank of the White Nile River (Central Sudan), 150 km south of Khartoum, and has resulted in high mortality. The most recent outbreak of the disease in this area began in 2006. Entomological surveys were carried out during May 2008, June 2010 and May and July 2011 in the White Nile area. Sandflies were collected using Centers for Disease Control light traps and sticky oil traps in the village of Kadaba and the nearby woodland. Phlebotomus females were dissected for the presence of Leishmania promastigotes. A total of 17,387 sandflies, including six species of Phlebotomus and 10 species of Sergentomyia, were identified. The Phlebotomus species recorded were Phlebotomus orientalis, Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus bergeroti, Phlebotomus duboscqi, Phlebotomus rodhaini and Phlebotomus saevus. P. orientalis was collected in both habitats. The relative abundance of P. orientalis in the woodland habitat was higher than that recorded in the village habitat. In the woodland habitat, there was a notable increase in the relative abundance of P. orientalis during the surveys conducted in 2008 and 2010 compared to 2011. None of the 311 P. orientalis females dissected were infected with Leishmania promastigotes, although relatively high parous rates were recorded in both habitats. Based on the distribution of P. orientalis recorded in this study, this species is the most likely vector of VL in the endemic focus in the White Nile area. Further investigation is required to elucidate the seasonal abundance and distribution of the vector, as well as the transmission season of VL in both habitats so that appropriate control strategies for the vector can be designed.

Occurrence of the Tsetse fly species Glossina longipalpis in Peridomestic Areas in the Preforest Zone of the Ivory Coast (Diptera: Glossinidae)

In West Africa, husbandry is extending into hitherto unused areas of the preforest zone. Thus, tsetse species (Glossina spp) occurring in these areas are now becomming economically and medically more important. The present paper reports on the occurrence of tsetse flies in peridomestic habitats surrounding a village in the preforest zone of Cote d'lvoire. Catches consisted of 72% Glossina p palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 and 28% G longipalpis Wiedemann 1830. The first species is reported to frequently inhabit peridomestic areas, but this is the first detailed account of the occurrence of G longipalpis in various village habitats. G longipalpis was present in almost all habitats of the peridomestic study area. It reached its highest apparent density in and near the forest, whereas at those 2 sites of the study area which were most strongly modified by human activity - the centre of the village and the edge of a dirt road - no G longipalpis were detected.

Nyestek (Martes foina Erxl.) táplálkozási szokásainak összehasonlító vizsgálata mezőgazdasági és urbánus környezetben

The investigations were carried out in a rural hilly area: forest, arable-land and pond mosaic habitat and a neighbouring village habitat in Somogy county. Stone martens living on different two habitats used similar food resources considerably. However the choosed prey differed significantly between the two populations in the point of view the weight, the zonation and the linkage to the human environment of the prey species.

The Energetics of r- vs. K-selection in Two African Strains of Aedes aegypti1

Two strains of the mosquito Aedes aegypti obtained in Tanzania in 1971 from a village habitat (House) and a feral habitat (Bamboo) only 100 meters apart demonstrated differences in both their physiological and population ecology, suggesting some genetic isolation between them. Their population attributes indicate that House is more r-selected and Bamboo is more K-selected. Measurements of respiration indicate that despite a number of differences between the strains, the energy cost of the immature part of the life cycle is essentially the same for both of them. However each strain has adopted a different strategy in using this energy: in Bamboo more is incorporated into biomass, while in House more goes to maintaining the life cycle. The immature life cycle proceeds more rapidly in House. These observations suggest a generalization that for similar organisms differing life table strategies may be employed but only to the extent that an apparently definite energy cost is paid.

Presbytis entellus: Birth in a free-ranging primate troop

During a 20-month study of two troops ofP. entellus in a village habitat in West Bengal one of seven births was observed. The female came down to the ground 21 minutes prior to parturition and returned to the trees 19 minutes later. She was accompanied by two adult females; there was no adult male present in the troop. The amount of time spent on the ground was significantly greater than expected for that time of year.

The Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody among Panamanian Cuna Indians *

Previous studies of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to it (anti-HBs) showed widely differing exposures between Panamanian Indian tribes. Cuna Indians living on islands appeared infrequently exposed to HBsAg; we found no one antigenemic and low age specific anti-HBs rates. In contrast, mainland dwelling Guaymi and Chocó Indians had a high prevalence of anti-HBs. We have now measured HBsAg by counterelectrophoresis and anti-HBs by radioimmunoassay in two Cuna Indian groups who live in the Darien forest. The prevalence of HBsAg among Darien Cuna was low, 3 positive of 239 tested, but 106 (44%) had anti-HBs. Darien Cuna thus evidenced greater exposure to HBsAg than island Cuna (8% had anti-HBs) and had an anti-HBs prevalence similar to the neighboring Chocó Indians (42%). The Guaymi Indians of western Panama had a lower frequency of anti-HBs (29%) than either Chocó or mainland Cuna but their frequency of chronic antigenemia was significantly greater. These data suggest that while exposure may be a function of village habitat, chronic antigenemia may reflect differences in host responses.

Biological observations on Aedes seatoi Huang in Thailand with notes on rural Aedes aegypti (L.) and other Stegomyia populations.

Abstract : Aedes seatoi is recorded from 8 Thailand provinces. Observations show A. seatoi bites man, and suggest it is semi-domestic and usually selects natural bamboo containers for oviposition, rather than artificial containers. Aedes albopictus, A. seatoi, A. annandalei, A. aegypti, A. gardnerii imitator and A. pseudalbopictus were collected in rural villages by bamboo cup surveys in that order of frequency. Incidence of A. aegypti utilization of natural containers in rural villages was higher than anticipated and deserves serious consideration in future surveys. Larval associations of Stegomyia species in natural and artificial containers in rural village habitats were complex and add an additional taxonomic burden to surveys. This burden is due to the nearly identical larvae of A. aegypti and A. seatoi and nearly identical adults of A. albopictus and A. seatoi.