Village Elections Research Articles

Early Childhood Education And Village Corruption: An Evidence From Indonesia

This study explores the relationship between early childhood education (ECE) exposure and corruptive behavior among village leaders in Indonesia, particularly in light of the decentralization efforts that began in 2014 with the Village Fund Initiative. The objective is to determine whether village leaders who were exposed to ECE in their early years are less prone to engage in corrupt practices when managing public funds. The research utilizes a staggered difference-in-difference approach, comparing corruption cases between leaders exposed to ECE and those who were not. The study collected data from the Indonesian village census (PODES) between 1993 and 2018, focusing on Java Island. The corruption cases were sourced from the Indonesian Supreme Court, specifically analyzing the behavior of village heads elected post-2014. The methodology allowed for a quasi-experimental design by leveraging the timing of village elections as a key variable. The results ECE exposure did not universally reduce corruption across the sample. In fact, corruption surged among early-treated groups who experienced the program in the 1990s, suggesting that ECE alone is not a strong deterrent to corruption. However, for later-treated groups, ECE exposure did lead to a reduction in corrupt behavior, pointing to an adaptation effect as village leaders observed peers being prosecuted for corruption. In conclusion, while early childhood education plays a role in shaping governance outcomes, its impact on reducing corruption is nuanced. The findings suggest that integrating anti-corruption education into the ECE curriculum could strengthen governance at the village level, particularly when combined with robust law enforcement mechanisms

In pursuit of power: Land tenancy contracts and local political business cycles in Indonesia

This study examines whether strategic delegation of land tenancy contracts is linked to local-level political business cycles in the context of a village institution – bengkok land – prevalent since the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. Bengkok land refers to communal village land that incumbent village heads receive usufruct rights over until their term in the office ends. We test whether incumbent village heads utilize time-bound access to bengkok land for political consolidation. Based on a novel cross-sectional household survey fielded in 2018 across 130 Javanese villages, we find robust evidence of a positive correlation between the percentage of total tenancy contracts as sharecropping and proximity (before or after) to the village election. As vulnerability of the sharecroppers makes them a pro-poor target for the incumbent village heads, these results implicate political capture.

Cultural sources of gender gaps: Confucian meritocracy reduces gender inequalities in political participation

The historical oppression of women in China mirrors the experiences of women in many other cultures. During the imperial era, Confucian ideologies and institutions played a significant role in perpetuating women's disenfranchisement. This perception has become deeply entrenched, to the extent that contemporary discussions on women's status often automatically refer to lingering Confucian legacies as one of the obstacles to achieving gender equality. However, this study offers a nuanced perspective by shedding light on how certain aspects of Confucianism, notably meritocracy, may serve to empower modern-day women. The research focuses on the Chinese context, particularly the historically significant Confucian-based meritocratic institution known as the civil examination system (keju). I argue that historical meritocratic legacies can have a lasting impact on contemporary behavior, specifically by reducing the gender gap in political participation in local village elections. Using data from historical archives and the China General Social Survey, I find a negative correlation between a prefecture's historical success in the keju exams and the gender gap in village election turnout among present-day respondents. Further exploratory analyses reveal that the enduring Confucian tradition of meritocracy also empowers other low-status social groups, including the economically disadvantaged and the less educated.

Conflict resolution in the customary village governance administration of Baduy, Tengger, and Samin ethnic groups in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the village government organization is part of local democracy. This includes the local democracy in indigenous villages. Indigenous villages have their own customary rules for implementing village elections. They have their own conflict resolution systems in implementing the village government. The implementation of the indigenous village governance leaves conflicts. So, there is a need for a suitable model for resolving problems in the implementation of village elections. The method used in this research is the qualitative research method with the juridical empirical approach. The locus of this research is in the Baduy, Tengger, and Samin indigenous village communities. The conflict resolution model in the administration of the Baduy, Tengger, and Samin customary villages differs in the right mechanism, but in substance, the resolution model is the same, as they use a deliberation model for consensus. In resolving conflicts, indigenous peoples fully submit to traditional leaders. The provincial and the regency/city governments are expected to give greater attention to the conditions of villages with customary government characteristics.

Socialization of Anti-Hoax Strategy for the Success of the 2024 Election in Desa Kesiman Petilan

General elections have become a worldwide phenomenon, where elections are the best way to ensure a peaceful transition of power because elections are a big national party that includes all people who have been registered as permanent voters, during the preparation period there are often hoax news about campaigns. This is because people still cannot distinguish what is true and what is not. The purpose of this community service is to try to invite all generations to help provide Anti-Hoax Strategy Socialization in the success of the 2024 Kesiman Petilan Village Election. The method used is an active participation method, especially socialization, socialization is a communication process carried out with active participation from two parties. This socialization provides an understanding to the people of Kesiman Petilan Village about the importance of conducting elections and reminds people to be more careful in using social media so as not to easily believe in hoax news. The results and conclusions of this socialization have made the public more aware of news spread on social media whose truth is not yet known, and the public has also become more participating in the 2024 election activities.

Political Brokers in Head of Village Elections (A Case Study in Sangal Village and Rantau Bangkiang Village, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia)

This study delves into the phenomenon of political brokers influencing village head elections in Sanggal Village and Rantau Bangkiang Village, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It employs the concepts of political brokers,patron-client relationships, and various forms of patronage to analyze how candidates utilize brokers to distribute resources and garner public support. Adopting a qualitative approach with a case study design, the research sheds light on the previously unexplored presence of political brokers within the context of village head elections, which have traditionally been seen as less susceptible to such influences compared to regional or national elections. The findings reveal a critical role played by political brokers in securing victories for village head candidates. Interestingly, the study also identifies a deviation from the typical material-based exchange, demonstrating that brokers may be motivated by less tangible benefits or even act as volunteers. This research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of power dynamics within village head elections by highlighting the previously overlooked role of political brokers. It raises questions about the evolving nature of political influence at the local level and the potential implications for village governance and development.

“First Democracy, Then Centralism”: The New Shape of Village Elections Under the “One-Shoulder Pole” Policy

ABSTRACT Since the full implementation of the ‘one-shoulder pole’ policy in 2019, village secretaries are now expected to concurrently serve as village heads. Simultaneously, the question arises as to how village secretaries can be guaranteed to be elected as village heads. Drawing on an in-depth case study of Y County, this paper shows that the local government has adopted an approach I call ‘first democracy, then centralism’ to ensure that village elections involve democratic elements, such as open nomination and candidate competition, yet also produce a designated winner who is, in the government’s view, most qualified to govern the village. Such an approach has generated two consequences on village elections: First, the significance of village Party elections has greatly increased. Since the result of village committee elections is already certain, Party elections become the key phase that determines who will hold village office and in which candidates still have an opportunity to compete against one another. Second, it is now imperative for candidates to earn support and approval from the local government in order to become the village leaders in the new era.

KONTESTASI PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA PERIODE 2022-2028 DI DESA KRADENAN KECAMATAN PALANG KABUPATEN TUBAN

The village head election contest is a small political competition, but it is often found that the village head election mechanism does not work in accordance with applicable regulations. This research was carried out with the aim of knowing the mechanism for selecting village heads according to Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 112 of 2014, knowing the portrait of the implementation of the village head election contestation in Kradenan Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency, and accommodating the responses of residents of Kradenan Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency regarding the village head election contestation for the 2022-2028 period. The research method used in this study is qualitative using a phenomenological approach by digging deeper into the events that occurred. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation obtained from the village community, namely 4 candidates, chairman of the election committee, community leaders, youth leaders, and the success team. Qualitative data analysis techniques arecarried out interactively according to Miles and Hubermen, namely by data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings show that 1). The village head election mechanism is carried out according to stages starting from the preparation stage to the determination. 2). Portraits of village head elections during the preparatory stages were carried out on a limited basis, as were campaigns held on a limited basis to minimize conflict between supporters. 3). Residents' responsesregarding the village head election were that most people tended to be indifferent to the mechanisms that were running from the preparatory to finalstages. A small number wanted the opportunity to contribute to the implementation of the village elections in order to resolve the problem of the committee's lack of transparency and the existence of money politics irregularities within it. As for suggestions, it should be able to provide opportunities for village residents, especially the younger generation, who complain about the circulation of money politics in the village elections. Of course, the younger generation with a high level of education has a critical spirit to convey aspirations for the village through village elections

Praktik Demograsi Pada Pemilihan Kepala Desa Di Aimas Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat

The aim of this research is to determine democratic practices in village head elections in Aimas Sorong, West Papua Province. The results of this research show that there are several causes of high community participation in Aimas Sorong, West Papua in the 2022 village elections. There are several main factors for high community participation, namely. There are two theories to find out the factors that cause high community participation, namely political mobilization and then voter behavior. includes a sociological approach, a psychological approach, and a rational choice approach.

Analisis hubungan kekeluargaan dalam perilaku politik masyarakat pada pemilihan Kepala Desa Aro tahun 2022

This research aims to determine family relationships in community political behavior during the 2022 Aro Village Election. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this research. It can be concluded that the sociological approach is influential in this research, namely that family relationships have a strong relationship in politics. Researchers found in the field that the people of Aro Village made their political choices during the village elections based solely on family relationships. The level of kinship/kinship in Aro Village is based on three (3) levels, namely the first kinship level, the second kinship level, and the third kinship level. Of the three levels of kinship, the one that has the most influence on vote acquisition is the second type of kinship, namely kinship/kinship based on the descent of the paternal and maternal grandmothers. The family of candidate one will be used as the winning team for the 2022 Aro Village Election. Likewise with candidate two. When compared with candidate two, the family of candidate one has a strong influence on vote acquisition. So that candidate one succeeded in winning the 2022 Aro Village Election. The public considers when choosing based on Subjective Emotional, namely making a choice because they have family ties, kinship, even friendship.

Blater's power in local politics, village head election in Madura

The involvement of elite groups or certain groups in winning political contests is often carried out by candidates for political office. This also happens in local political contestations, village head elections. This research was conducted to reveal the role and behavior of blater in village elections in Sumenep, Madura, East Java. This research uses a descriptive qualitative model. The data collection technique was carried out using in-depth interviews with various informants involved in the election, such as blater, village head candidates and voters. Apart from that, document searches were also carried out regarding village election activities and after the election of the village head. To obtain accurate data, the research cross-checked the data collected, between the data obtained through in-depth interviews, and the documents traced and obtained by the researcher. From the research conducted, blater has an important role in the election of village heads. This is caused by several factors. Blater has influence, blater also has a strategy for carrying out his role, blater has certain preferences when the village head election takes place, and blater's role has an impact on the village head election process. Apart from that, the blater has a network that shapes the winning process.

Manipulation without Resistance: Consensus Elections in Rural China

Abstract The Chinese Communist Party has been increasing its control over village elections since the early 2010s, yet this move has not triggered any widespread popular resistance. Drawing on ethnographic evidence from village elections held in 2017 in a county in Hunan province, I conceptualize a form of electoral manipulation I term “consensus elections,” in which the Party engineers a pre-electoral consensus with ordinary villagers on whom to select while deterring challenges from village elites. Consensus elections are rooted in the Chinese political elites’ ideal that favours electoral participation over competition. While participation increases regime legitimacy, competition threatens regime authority. Propaganda promoting this electoral ideal shapes the views of ordinary villagers, laying a basis of legitimacy on consensus elections. The villagers embraced voting as being oriented by a unitary common interest and developed a cynicism whereby campaigning was equated with corruption. Comparison of the processes involved in engineering consensus elections in five villages suggests popular support for such elections. Whereas popular resistance was mounted against the lack of participation, popular complicity helps the Party to deter challenges from village elites. Consensus elections have facilitated the fall of Chinese village elections without undermining the Party's legitimacy, but consensus elections will also encourage more political challenges from village elites through non-institutionalized channels.

Implementation of the Simultaneous Village Head Election (PILKADES) Policy in Banjar Regency, Indonesia.

This research aims to find out what policies or decisions were taken by the Banjar Regency Government in the process of selecting the Serentah Village Head in Banjar Regency and how they relate to preventing COVID-19. Apart from that, we also try to find out how the implementation of the policy is seen from the aspect of communication, community economic resources, or the economic condition of the community, and the Aluh-Aluh District as the policy implementer along with the Village Officials involved. This research uses a qualitative research approach. The research informants are relevant stakeholders from elements of the regional government, sub-district, and village officials as well as the community who are considered to know a lot about policy implementation. Apart from that, to understand and represent the phenomena surrounding the simultaneous village head election activities in Banjar Regency in 2022. The overall results of the research in the field stated that 9 villages held village elections simultaneously and that the implementation of the village elections peacefully and democratically went well based on information from the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Banjar Regency. This is supported by factual data in the field that there were no lawsuits or disturbances during the implementation of the Village Head Election. It's just that a lawsuit was filed by one of the losing village head candidates, namely from the incumbent in Aluh-Aluh Besar Village regarding the DPT, but the complaint and objection were submitted outside the time determined by the committee. So the lawsuit was resolved at the village committee level. For the other 8 villages, there were no lawsuits or complaints from village head candidates because the elected Village Heads were mostly trusted by the majority of village residents. The difference that occurred with the implementation of the previous Village Head Election was the obstacle in adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic situation that occurred. This creates a lot of adjustments and even conflicts to be faced. There is a need to strengthen democracy systematically and participatively from both regional government and village officials who are synchronized and connected to achieve an effective and efficient village head election.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilihan Kepala Desa Serentak di Kabupaten Situbondo

During the simultaneous village elections, there are several problems which we usually call village head election disputes. In the case of village head election disputes, it is not explicitly regulated regarding the process of resolving disputes over village head election results, either in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, Government Regulation Number 43 of 2014 Regarding Village Implementing Regulations Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 72 of 2020 concerning Election of Village Heads Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2015 concerning Villages, Regent Regulation Number 19 of 2019 concerning Implementing Regulations of Situbondo Regency Regional Regulations Number 9 of 2015 concerning Village Heads. The aim of this writing is to find out the mechanism for resolving disputes over the election of village heads in Situbondo Regency is in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. This type of research is normative juridical research which aims to provide an overview and explanation or consider and formulate the problem of comparing theories and legal norms contained therein. Mechanisms and dispute resolution have been regulated in Articles 61 and 62 of Regional Regulation number 9 of 2015 concerning village heads, which are further technically implemented in Articles 55 and 56 of Situbondo Regency Regulation Number 19 of 2019 Regulations for Implementing Situbondo Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2015 concerning Village Heads. Basically, these regulations are in accordance and refer to Article 37 paragraph (6) of the Village Law, Article 41 paragraph (7) PP Number 43 2014, and Article 44 paragraph (3) Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 72 of 2020.

Women's Empowerment in Fulfilling the Affirmative Quota of Election Supervisors

This research discusses how the affirmative quota of women in the election supervisory body in Indonesia is following the regulation of laws and regulations No. 7 of 2017 concerning general elections. The problem in this study is still the finding of quotas of women as election supervisors that are not in accordance with the law on elections. This research uses a qualitative method using primary data from the Kulon Progo district election supervisory body. And secondary data from various source documents such as laws and regulations, journals, books, and other research reports. The results of this study found that there is still women's representation in the election supervisory body in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. The findings of the non-fulfillment of the 30 percent women's quota are in the Election Supervisory Body of Yogyakarta City, the District Supervisors of Wates, Sentolo, Girimulyo, Samigaluh, and Kalibawang Districts. And at the village election supervisor level in Wates, Sentolo, Girimulyo, Samigaluh, and Kalibawang sub-districts. This finding is certainly an evaluation of how the process of implementing the recruitment of election supervisors in fulfilling the 30 percent women's quota has not been carried out at various levels of election supervisory institutions, especially in Bawaslu Kulon Progo Regency. And has implications for studies on gender quotas and women's empowerment as election supervisors.

Peran Dukun dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa Pasir Putih

The role of shamans in the 2019 local elections is the focus of this study. In addition, the issue of the shaman's position in village elections is discussed in this paper. This study uses a qualitative method. This study relies on primary and secondary data for its findings. The Library Research method was used for data collection purposes in this study. The writer collects information from scientific writings, such as thesis diaries and documents. The author processes the information he collects according to the requirements of the analysis. The research findings show that residents still believe a certain kind of shaman exists. This kind of shaman is used to illustrate when village head elections are held. In regional head elections, especially village head elections, village head candidates develop a belief system to shape social and political attitudes. Whereas shamans rely on mystical reasoning as the foundation of their abilities and take advantage of the mystical devices they have, shamans are used as a guide to progress, what percentage of victory is desired and as a political network for electing village heads and instilling influence over residents so that they get the mass support that shamans have for their political goals.

Konflik Sosial: Budaya Politik Uang Di Desa Puguh Kabupaten Kendal Jawa Tengah

Pilkades or Puguh village elections are decorated with politics of money to attract the people's vote, so the politics of money became a normal thing and had become a culture before the village head elections took place. Using an ethnographic approach that focuses on a descriptive development of the political culture of money within a Puguh village community. Results and research discussions of understanding on political money and social conflict. The politics of money itself comes because the elite or prospective village heads seek an influential position in the village, and also because of people who are less conscious of pancasila values and lack of understanding in politically-related communities. In this case the political culture of money itself leads to social conflicts within the society, a conflict of tension in one's interaction with another.

Money Politics In Local Democracy: A Case Study In The Simultaneous Election Of Village Heads Throughout Bombana Regency In 2022

In Bombana district, Southeast Sulawesi Province on February 20, 2022 a democratic party was held through the simultaneous general election of village heads throughout Bombana district which was attended by 109 villages as stipulated in Bombana Regent Decree No. 449 of 2021 Concerning Schedules and Stages of Simultaneous Village Head Elections in 2022. In the implementation of local democracy through simultaneous village head elections, there are many practices of money politics carried out by village head candidates, success teams, and the community itself. The purpose of this research is to find out the factors causing the practice of money politics in the simultaneous village election. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by describing the facts that occur in the field to be explained more deeply through primary data sources, namely interviews, and secondary data, namely books and journals. The results of this study indicate that several factors cause money politics in simultaneous village elections in Bombana district, including the habitual factor that continues to occur at every election moment at all levels of democracy that occurs in Bombana district, and economic factors due to the Covid-19 outbreak that hit Indonesia. nationally 2 years ago, the factor of the absence of a special supervisory agency for village head elections, the factor weak laws and regulations on all hierarchies governing villages, and the absence of political education carried out by the local government and stakeholders in building village community intelligence about the dangers money politic.

Transformation of the political struggle model at the village level due to the fight for village fund resources: A case study of village head elections before and after the enactment of UU Desa Number 6 of 2014

This study captures how the Village Law (UU) Number 6 of 2014 has radically changed political behavior at the village level. The political dynamics involved several former DPRD members, former KPU members, and local businessmen in the succession arena for the Village Head Election (Pilkades), in which conditions were rarely encountered in previous times. This study analyzed how changes occurred as they were triggered by the struggle for resources due to the allocation of village funds (DD). This study uses qualitative research methods. Data were collected through interviews with actors who contested in village elections, documentation, and literature studies. The results of this study show how changes in political behavior at the village level only occur after the Village Law is enacted. This study concludes that the Village Law number 6 of 2014 has shifted the political behavior of rural communities as evidenced by the massive circulation of money politics which has led to tense political battles. This study also concludes that the Village Law entices political actors and local businessmen to participate in the contest to seize the power of the village head.

The Story of Rising Corruption Post-Village Government Reform - A View of Three Theories: Fraud, Managerial Hegemony, and Culture

Research aims: This study investigates how corruption increased in the Indonesian village governments following village governance reform by ratifying the New Village Law of 2014. Also, the current research identifies gaps that trigger corruption.Design/Methodology/Approach: Three theories, i.e., fraud hexagon, managerial hegemony, and cultural dimensions, were employed as points of view. Due to investigation purposes, a qualitative approach is considered the most suitable method for this study. Hence, the interview was employed as data collection. The data were then analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach.Research findings: The results showcased that aside from personal interests, corruption occurred to crowd campaign financing for the head village election by the incumbent. The corruption types could be the embezzlement of village funds and village-owned enterprise funds and the establishment of ghost (fictitious) villages. The results also identified some factors triggering graft corruption scandals, namely poor governance practices, including accountability, transparency, and valid administration; the excessive authority of actors (village heads) in holding and managing village money; lack of participation mechanism.Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: To tackle corruption in the village government, strengthening proper good governance practices must be tightened, not merely as ritual or ceremonial. In addition, discussions of three theoretical perspectives, fraud, managerial hegemony, and culture, are presented in this paper.