VIIIth Century Research Articles

НИКОЛАЙ СИДЕЛЬНИКОВ. ВОКАЛЬНО-ХОРОВОЙ ЦИКЛ «СЫЧУАНЬСКИЕ ЭЛЕГИИ» (ВТОРАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ): ДРАМАТУРГИЯ И СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the second notebook of the vocal and choral cycle "Sichuan Elegies" by Nikolai Sidelnikov, based on the poems by the VIIIth century Chinese poet Du Fu. The work reveals the stylistic constants of the composer's work. It is emphasized that though N. Sidelnikov does not strive for stylization, the use of special musical means gives the composition a specific Chinese flavor. This is manifested both in the choice of instruments and in the reliance on pentatonics, which consists of two trichordal chants-monograms, sounding in different combinations and becoming the leitintonations of the cycle. It is noted that the expansion of the instrumental composition influenced the increase in the role of episodes without chorus, which was expressed through the introduction of independent instrumental parts, as well as developed introductions and conclusions. In some cases, the composer uses tonal writing, highlighting it with key signs, while some numbers are rather tonic, emphasizing the reliance on the sustained bass pedals. Dramatic episodes are saturated with signs of expressive writing — polytonal overlays, chromaticisms and passages with increased and decreased intervals. The dramaturgy of the composition is formed thanks to thematic roll calls and reprise inclusions that form subcycles.

Recherches archéologiques récentes sur un ensemble hydraulique antique monumental dans la zone de La M‛alga à Carthage. Plan d’ensemble et architecture

In this publication, I present research results and archaelogical works which I started operating on them in 2015 in archeological zone of La M’alga in Carthage, concerning ruins of an important hydraulic monument which is less known until now, built on an artificial hill in western part of above mentioned zone. Having as a whole a quadrangular plan, this monument is composed of three large oblong tanks built almost entirely in elevation and arranged as a letter U open towards west and overlooking, on one hand, ruins of amphitheater of ancient Carthage which are only two hundred meters distant and, on other hand, bath ruins known as the baths of Phoenix, below its south-west flank.The results of my research on this monument show :- that monument was supplied with water by an aqueduct other than that of Carthage, probably drawing its liquid from a local source, intramural (intra-muros).- that each of three vessels forming it, had a well-defined function : first, R1, served as a water intake basin, second, R2, to provide drinking water to a fountain at its southwestern end and third, R3, to supply so-called Phenix baths mentioned above (Fig. 4)- that two rows of nine shops each were arranged on two lateral sides of central area (north and south) by three cisterns and which would have taken place of an esplanade left to free area. The floor of this area was covered with polychrome mosaic pavement with a floral pattern.- that monument is to relate both with so-called baths of Phoenix and amphitheater that faced it.- that IIIth century constitutes a dating post quem to construction of this whole monumental, while beginning of VIth century constitutes terminus ante quem, and that date of its definitive abandonment would be located during VIIIth century in Byzantine period after having experienced a second period of occupation.

The production of metal artefacts in Southern Etruria (Central Italy): case studies from copper to Iron Age

ABSTRACT An analytical study is presented, aimed to determine the elemental composition of copper-based artefacts dated back from Copper Age to Early Iron Age (mid-fourth millennium to the VIIIth century B.C.), found on the Tyrrhenian side of the peninsula, corresponding to the Lazio region. The objects belong to different archaeological contexts and had various functions. They were analysed by the X-ray fluorescence technique. The results highlight the experimental character of Copper Age metallurgy, which will later evolve in the established use of copper-tin alloys. Regarding the Bronze Age, despite the typological and functional heterogeneity of the artefacts and the wide chronological range, the alloys are relatively homogeneous in composition, with regular changes that appear related to chronology, according to what is already known for the Italian peninsula. Such changes are supposedly due to variations in the availability of tin, which was not locally mined. Early Iron Age metallurgy is represented by the Selvicciola Hoard solely, which restricts the possibility of generalizing the conclusions. A striking feature of the alloys is the great compositional difference between the complete and the fragmented artefacts. The formers are made of tin bronze, whereas in the latter tin is replaced by antimony and/or lead. The use of such unusual alloys is unlikely due to lack of metallurgical knowledge. Considering the urbanized communities that arose in the Middle-Tyrrhenian area during the Early Iron Age, we suppose that such variability in a single context might be related to a production system capable of using alloys of different quality and value to satisfy a diversified demand.

Es-Suyûtî'nin “et-Teberrî min ma'Arrati'l-ma'Arrî” adlı urcûzesi ve te'lîf sebebi

The studies which have been done related to synonyms and antonyms in Arabic language occupy a great importance. This works began during the transition period, in the late VIIth century and the early VIIIth century from the oral period to the written period. The linguists of this period took great pains to memorize these vocabularies. They considered that enumerating these words is a great ability and they prided themselves on their memories. This tradition continued in following periods. Abu al-Alâ' al-Ma'arri who was one of the Arab poets and litterateurs despised a man with an answer by priding himself on his talent when he insulted him. al Suyuti who was one of the multilateral scholar in the XVth century tried to compile seventy names of a dog, to escape al Ma'arri's suspicion.

Aux origines du monachisme en Gaule (Ve-XIe s.) : les fouilles de l'église du Saint-Sauveur, Lérins, Île Saint-Honorat, Alpes-Maritimes

The island Saint-Honorat of Lerins experienced a monastic occupation from 400-410. It is well informed thanks to several written sources. The archeological searchs done these last years have been focused on the Saint-Sauveur chapel. They brought remarkable informations, espacially on the first times of monastic life. The state I of the Vth century corresponds to an oratory which comes with a building interpreted as a hermit life space. In the state II, in use from the end of Vth -begenning of VIth to the beginning of the VIIIth century this hermit life space disapeared to be replaced by a funerary space linked to the deceased veneration. Beyond, the occupation can be followed till nowadays through the successive building of three churchs. So the site illustrates archaelogically the changes of monastic lifestyle especially between the Vth an the XIth century.

Влияние искусственной силы тяжести 2G на экскреторную функцию почек

The first mention of a therapeutic use of artificial gravity (AG) on living organisms dates from the VIIIth century. Today the interest of scientists in the problem grows with every passing day, however the data dealing with the influence of AG on the excretory function of the kidneys bear a scanty, discrepant and unsystemized character. In this connection it seems to be very topical to study the AG action on the renal excretion rate of water, electrolytes and сreatinine in an experiment.

Trois rituels occasionnels du baptême dans le sacramentaire gélasien

The Gelasian Sacramentary (Vat. Reg. lat. 316), I, lxvi – lxxvi (592-617) contains a collection of formularies of Roman origin, which, according to A. Chavasse, would have consisted of an Ordo for administering baptism in special circumstances. Actually, this collection is a compilation which brings together all the original pieces of three rituals : 1. An early ritual (IVth cent.) for baptizing a catechumen-energumen (epileptic), — with the necessary changes in the case of little children being the only candidates for this sacrament (end of VIth cent.). 2. A ritual as early as the former one, with similar changes, and used for baptizing a sick catechumen. 3. A ritual for baptizing a weak child, composed in the VIIth century, to take the place of both preceeding rituals. The compilation of these three rituals in one, is the work of the “redactor” of the Gelasian, i.e. the liturgist who, in East France, during the first half of the VIIIth century, composed a sacramentary, Roman in all essentials, Gallican in some complementary factors.

Modelul iconografic al arcaşului de pe crucea de piatră de la Ruthwell

Abstract Numerous studies and articles have been written about the Anglo-Saxon stone cross of Ruthwell, Scotland (the VIIIth century), analysing very carefully each detail. Be it an analysis from a religious point of view or an artistic one, scientists have tried time and time again to offer us precious information about the famous Paleochristian monument. It is said that this remarkable monument contains the oldest Anglo-Saxon literary text.

À l’origine de Caunes-Minervois : Buffens

Discovered by speleologists in a cave of the Argent-Double pass, in the north of the village of Caunes and at a small distance from the place called “ Roc de Buffens”, a series of Late Antiquity ceramics raises the problem of the occupation of natural cavities traditionally and wrongly interpreted as places of refuge in the context of the “ Great Invasions”. The likely contemporaneousness between the ceramics and the period of formation of the place-name ” Buffens”, doubtless of Gothic origin, allows a modest historiographical evaluation on the ancient villa Buffinis. This name preceded that of the “ villa” of Caunes, the anteriority of the first name being clearly evoked in a text of the end of the VIIIth century which also mentions the Saint-Geniès church, the ancient parochial church of Caunes. Such a place of worship may be the heir to a former religious centre which would have existed before the villa during the early Christian period. As for the deserted habitat, evoked by erudite tradition in the vicinity of the Saint-Geniès church, or further North, habitat that would have preceded the creation of the village of Caunes, its very existence deserves to be discussed for the present.

Conversion and Other VIIIth Century Community Issues in Mandaeism

Conversion and Other VIIIth Century Community Issues in Mandaeism

Excavaciones arqueológicas en el yacimiento emiral de Cabezo Pardo (San Isidro-Granja de Rocamora, Alicante): primeros resultados

Con este artículo se ha buscado presentar, de forma breve, los primeros resultados de las excavaciones realizadas en los niveles medievales del yacimiento del Cabezo Pardo (San Isidro-Granja de Rocamora, Alicante). En él, además de contextualizar el conjunto a través de su cultura material, se realiza un primer acercamiento a su particular problemática sobre la evolución de las primeras formas de poblamiento tras la entrada de población islamizada en el SE Peninsular a partir de mediados del s.VIII.

Beowulf et le barbare

Beowulf, an epic poem dating back to the VIIIth century, depicts a fledgling society oscillating between civilisation and barbarism, elevation and entropy. The young hero, Beowulf, comes to the rescue of the Danes whose citadel is ransacked by two monsters, and he confronts the beasts which are also, to a certain extent, his doppelgângers. The different facets of barbarism - such as excess and dissension - are at the heart of this text which also celebrates social bonding and the spoken word. Seamus Heaney's translation of this medieval masterpiece was published in 1999.

Aggiornamento delle liste episcopali delle diocesi in territorio transgiordanico

In this contribution dedicated to the memory of Mons. Joseph Nasrallah, who always remained attached to his land of origin, we collect for the utility of the students the epigrafic discoveries that permitted us the updating of the episcopal lists of the dioceses of the four provinces during the bizantine period (Arabia Province and the three Palaestinae Provinces), limiting the research to the transjordan territory. We take as a base for this updating the book of R. Devreesse dated from the year 1945, and the historical-archaeological work of our archaeological mission in Jordan. The discoveries regard the Vth to the VIIIth centuries except the inscription of a bishop of Zoara in the valley of Araba dated from the IVth century.

L’abbaye bénédictine de Saint-Thibéry (Hérault)

Founded or rebuilt at the end of the VIIIth century by Atilio, a disciple of Benoit d’Aniane, near the grave of three local martyrs, Tibère, Modeste and Florence, the abbey which is located on the site of the ancient city of Cessero, participated in the Carolingian monastic revival in Languedoc. Situated at a major crossroads, the city attracts merchants and pilgrims. In the absence of a cartulary, little is known of the history of the abbey which has never been studied. We don’t know much about the Carolingian and romanesque abbey. Some vestiges of the West aisle which dates back to the XIIth still are enclosed in the Maurist buildings. What remains of important reconstruction campaigns which took place in the XIVth and XVth centuries are the abbey and parish church, an underground chapel and the monumental entrance to the abbey with its massive bell tower. Its adhesion to the Saint-Maur Congregation (1639-1645) will bring new prosperity to the abbey all the buildings of which will be restored. The East wing will be rebuilt between 1664 and 1647, the rest of the abbey between 1705 and 1712. The buildings are sold during the French Revolution and divided between many owners, the church is transformed into a parish church.

Approche paléo-épidémiologique de la maladie hyperostosique

A paleoepidemiological study of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. — Objective. To investigate the prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in ancient populations. Materials and methods. We studied 38 women and 61 men aged at least 30 years at death, whose remains were recovered from four cemeteries of the High Middle Ages (VIth to VIIIth century) located in Lorraine (eastern France). Criteria previously developed by Crubézy and Crubézy—Ibanez for paleopathological studies were used to determine whether the skeletal remains exhibited definite, possible, probable, or no DISH. Results. Definite DISH with flowing ossification along the thoracic spine and ossification of peripheral enthesopathies was seen in 2.8 to 3.7 % of the subjects from two cemeteries and in none from the other two cemeteries. Identical figures were found for possible DISH. The prevalence and male predominanc (9 of 13 subjects in any DISH category were males) were similar to those reported in contemporary studies and in other paleopathological studies. Conclusion. In the absence of clinical data on the metabolic status of the study subjects, our results suggest that DISH in our subjects was a marker for older age at death.

Ceramica dal monastero della Theotokos nel Wadi ‘Ayn al-Kanisah – Monte Nebo

This study presents the pottery recovered during excavations conducted in 1995 in and around the large central courtyard E and the sector towards the south of the church, with the aim of completing the topographical picture of the complex and identifying its various stages of development. Special attention is paid to the collection of pottery unearthed by two specimen soundings effected below the mosaic of courtyard E near the northern entrance gate of the monastery (specimen I) and just outside the gate (specimen II), originating from a lone closed stratigraphic context, useful in the dating of the courtyard and, as a result, also of its surroundings. The thick red colour of the mixture and the shape and decorations of the pottery point to VI-VII century, fully agreeing with the period suggested on stylistic basis of the first mosaic of the chapel. Thus the mosaic courtyard and the surrounding wall belong to the same period of the chapel itself. Levels of habitation inherent to this period are identified in section E4. The fragment belonging to the last occupation point to the second half of the VIIIth century. Furthermore, this dating coincides with some coins recovered in a fireplace in E4. It confirms a precise end post quem to the date of restoration of the mosaic in the church (762 AD).

Cimetières médiévaux et rites funéraires en Languedoc : l’apport de l'archéologie

Medieval cemeteries and funeral habits in Languedoc : the contribution of Archeology. If during centuries, the world of the dead and the one of the living were rigorously kept apart, a continuous change occured throughout Middle Ages. Archaeological evidences confirmed and completed the texts once again. Cemeteries still far away from houses in the High Middle Ages, got integrated step by step to the housing. Firstly, the living used to meet the dead in suburban areas before the beginning of the second millenium when sepultures subdued towns, churches and their surroundings. Still kept within tombs, furniture disappeared around the middle of the VIIIth century whereas at the same time, the number of diverse types of tombs got reduced. After many experiments, the anthropomorphic tomb was generalized after the tenth century. Very common by its cave form, the tomb was replaced by the grave, without or with a coffin, which later became characteristic of the XIV-XVIth centuries. The Come necropolis in Montpellier, with its two superposed cemeteries (cave and grave) witnessed this evolution and allowed an archeological approach of the funeral rituals in the Languedoc between the Xth and the XVIth century.

La Vie de Sainte Madelberte de Maubeuge. Édition du texte (BHL 5129) et traduction française

Saint Madelberta, third abbess of the monastery of Maubeuge (end viith - beginning viiith century), has been venerated since the xth century. A Vita Sta Madelbertae (BHL 5129), the material of which comes from the Vitae of Aldegonda (BHL 244) and of Aldetruda (BHL 253 & 254), was probably written at Maubeuge at the beginning of the xth century. The critical edition of the Vita is based on 8 manuscripts and a fragment, dated from the xth to the xviiith century.

Una variante sexual en el rito de hospitalidad griego

Notas

Saint-Riquier : une restitution nouvelle de la Basilique d'Angilbert

The previous restitution of the Carolingian church of Saint-Riquier's dates back to 1912. Proposed by W. Effmann, it was founded on the testimony of two Latin sources : Angilbert's Institutio (IXth century) and Hariulphe's Chronicle (XIth century) enriched with comparisons with the surviving westwerk (late IXth century) of the Corvey Abbey (Westphalia). Nowadays, and given the latest 1988 discoveries, we are able to propose a renewed vision of this important monument, actual «model monastic facility», which served as a prototype for many religious buildings all over the Carlovingian Empire. Relying on archaeological excavations carried out on Saint-Riquier's site since 1959, enlightened by M. Heitz's liturgical study published in 1963, with due mention of unpublished comparisons with many mediaeval buildings displaying similar features, a new reading of W. Effmann's sources leads us to the following restitution : two bulky buildings built along a centered plan (eight- and sixteen- sided concentric polygons), one on the western side (the Saviour's Tower), connected by a system of naves, completed on the eastern side by what definitely looks like a martyrium girded by the corridor of a crypt reworked and widened in the XIth century. This remarkable basilica has the same dimensions as the present day abbey-church built along the same structures. It was bounded on its southern side, as early as the VIIIth century, by a wide rectangular area -which will become the mediaeval cloister- along which the claustral buildings are articulated.