Views Of Professionals Research Articles

Cooperativism as pedagogy: Conversation with Gustavo Machado a lecturer and researcher from Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de la República

This conversation with Gustavo Machado discusses the role of cooperativism as a pedagogical process in Uruguay. Machado emphasizes how cooperatives serve as models for housing production and transformative social learning processes, embedding collective action and mutual aid into daily life. He distinguishes between housing, habitat, and inhabitation, advocating for a broader understanding of living that transcends physical structures and integrates social, cultural, and communal dimensions. Our conversation delves into the political significance of cooperatives in the face of neoliberalism, positioning them as alternatives to market-based housing models. Machado discusses the challenges cooperatives face, such as state regulation and the need for flexibility in adapting to changing life circumstances. He also reflects on his personal experiences growing up in a cooperative during Uruguay's dictatorship, which shaped his political and professional views. The article highlights the intersection of cooperativism with broader social movements, such as gender equality and mental health, and the importance of international dialogue in expanding cooperative housing models across Latin America.

Agency support for at-risk families: service provision, challenges and effective elements for intervention

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need to locate effective interventions for parents involved with child protection services (CPS), Oranga Tamariki in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article describes a qualitative research study that sought to understand: (1) the nature of service provision to families; (2) workers’ perceptions of challenges and effective treatment components in delivering intervention; and (3) effective practices for working with Māori. Participants were staff members working within NGOs, providing interventions to families with ongoing Oranga Tamariki involvement. Data comprised responses to semi-structured interviews (n = 9), interpreted using thematic analysis. Findings highlighted that all participants worked within family homes to deliver intervention, and drew on Te Whare Tapa Whā. Challenges included ongoing child maltreatment concerns and participants’ sense of responsibility for keeping children safe whilst being unable to do so adequately within their non-mandated roles. Perceived effective elements were: strong relationships, transparency, and having courageous conversations when needed. For indigenous clients, self-determination and the effects of colonisation were of prime importance. Themes highlighted responsive practice, with a pragmatic understanding that family priorities may not always align with professional views. This is consistent with international findings regarding challenges in delivering parenting interventions and identifies potential essential components for effective practice. HIGHLIGHTS Practitioners’ perceptions of essential elements to effective practice included: strong relationships, honesty, reciprocity, and directness regarding child protection concerns. Effective practices seen to be particular to working with Māori families were trusting, reciprocal relationships and ensuring self-determination and autonomy. Ethical tensions and a sense of complicity and helplessness at times were described, with ongoing child protection concerns evident during intervention for some families. Practitioners took a holistic approach to their work, expressing non-judgment, sympathy for, and understanding of the complex circumstantial and personal challenges faced by Oranga Tamariki-involved parents. Glossary of Māori terms: awhi: embrace, cherish; kaimahi: staff members; kanohi ki te kanohi: face to face; karakia: blessing; kaupapa Māori: Māori approach; kete: basket; kōrero: to speak; mana: prestige; manaakitanga: hospitality; mana whenua: people with rights over the land; marae: meeting house; Pākehā: New Zealander of European descent; pepeha: introduction; pēpi: baby; pono: true; pōwhiri: welcome ceremony; tamariki: children; tangata: people; tika: correct; tikanga: custom; tutū: mischevious; waiata: song; whakapapa: genealogy; whānau: family; whanaungatanga: relationship; whare: house.

EVALUATION OF INTERNET ACCESS BY STUDENTS AT A FEDERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN NORTHERN BRAZIL

Objective: This study presents the results of assessing Internet access by students at a federal educational institution in northern Brazil. Theoretical Framework: The study's theoretical framework relates information technologies through Internet access to learning. It shows that the more adequate Internet access is in educational institutions' daily routines, the better the students' performance in learning and its developments in technical, scientific, and technological production. Method: The method used was a survey, the population of which consisted of students who attended classes during the three shifts during which the institution operated. The students were consulted through a questionnaire with multiple-choice questions, the results of which were generated using descriptive statistics and presented in frequency tables. Results and Discussion: The findings showed deficiencies in a) the connection attributes, b) insufficient connection about the types of use by students, c) the connection provided is of low quality, and d) there is excess demand about the low institutional supply, especially in the evening shift. Research Implications: This study shows that internet services must be the object of multidisciplinary treatment and cannot represent the exclusive view of ICT professionals or education specialists. Unidisciplinary views prevent several fundamental nuances of institutional core activities from being overlooked. Originality/Value: The research's originality lies in the empirical observation that educational institutions must strategically plan long-term internet provision jointly by ICT professionals, education specialists, teachers, and students.

Health optimisation for patients with obesity before elective orthopaedic surgery: a qualitative study of professionals’ views on restrictive approaches and future practice

BackgroundPreoperative health optimisation for elective surgery entails supporting patients to improve their health in preparation for their treatment and recovery. While there is consensus that this process should address obesity, approaches vary across England. Despite guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence to the contrary, restrictive approaches with body mass index thresholds for referral to arthroplasty are in use. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the views of professionals on the current use and future implications of these policies.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 professionals including clinicians, commissioners, policymakers, and health service managers, with experience of developing and/or implementing health optimisation policies for elective arthroplasty. Participants were sampled from areas in England with and without restrictive policies. We undertook thematic analysis of the interview data.ResultsParticipants described pre-surgical health optimisation as an important trigger for health improvement but identified current resourcing and inadequacies in provision of weight management support as significant barriers to success. Participants expressed concerns about the appropriateness and fairness of including obesity as a determinant to restrict access to surgery. They described short-term financial pressures underlying the use of restrictive body mass index thresholds and a lack of an evidence base, such that policies amounted to rationing and risked exacerbations of health inequalities. The study identified four priorities for improvements to future health optimisation practices: developing and implementing national guidance with flexibility for local variation, initiating patient engagement in primary care with onward integration across all services, improving resourcing to support effective equitable impact, and addressing wider determinants of obesity through societal change.ConclusionsOverall, participants had limited expectations of the impact of health optimisation policies on obesity without additional support, investment, and national guideline implementation. They raised strong concerns over current restrictive approaches. We conclude that addressing concerns around weight management support service availability and impacts on health inequalities is essential for shaping effective health optimisation policies. Future policy direction should support health optimisation to be offered early (ideally in primary care). Health optimisation interventions should be non-restrictive, inclusive, and well-monitored, particularly around equality impact.

Child, family and professional views on valued communication outcomes for non-verbal children with neurodisability: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

There are many children with neurodisability who are unable to rely on speech to communicate and so use a range of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods and strategies to get their message across. Current instruments designed to measure the outcomes of speech and language therapy interventions lack specific attention to communication outcomes that are valued by non-verbal children with neurodisability, their families and support networks. This qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to identify valued communication outcomes to inform the next stage of developing a novel outcome measure. To systematically identify and synthesise the qualitative evidence about which communication outcomes non-verbal children with neurodisability, their family members, healthcare professionals and educators think are important to achieve, specifically which communication outcomes are most valued by: (1) non-verbal children with neurodisability; (2) parents or other family members of non-verbal children with neurodisability; and (3) professionals who work with non-verbal children with neurodisability. A systematic search of bibliographic databases and the grey literature was undertaken to identify qualitative studies that included evidence of views expressed by children, family members, healthcare professionals and educators on outcomes in relation to the communication of non-verbal children with neurodisability. All papers meeting the inclusion criteria were quality appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist, although none were excluded on this basis. The data synthesis involved organising coded data into descriptive themes which were then synthesised into analytical themes. We found 47 papers containing qualitative data meeting the inclusion criteria from research situated in 14 countries. The views of 35 children, 183 parents, six other family members, 42 healthcare professionals and 18 educators are represented in the review. The included studies contained very few data reported by children themselves; most data were provided by adults, especially parents. Three main analytical themes were identified: Experiences of communication and expectations; adapting to and acceptance of AAC; and becoming an autonomous communicator. This meta-synthesis brings together the limited qualitative research findings about what parents, professionals and children consider are important communication outcomes for non-verbal children with neurodisability. The synthesis identifies key gaps in our knowledge about the perspectives of children and their siblings. This synthesis will inform primary research to understand valued communication outcomes in this group, and ultimately the development of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that can be used to demonstrate the effect of interventions, at both clinical and service levels. What is already known on the subject Studies of children with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder indicate that at least 25% of children with these conditions are non-verbal. Studies on the health outcomes of children with neurodisability have identified that communication is rated as important by parents and health professionals. There is an evidence gap about which communication outcomes are important to non-verbal children, their families and the people who work with them. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This is the first synthesis of data that relates to communication outcomes for non-verbal children with neurodisability. This qualitative meta-synthesis identifies from previous research studies the communication outcomes valued by children who are non-verbal, their parents or other family members, and the professionals who work with them. The findings will be used to shape further primary research and the development of a novel patient-reported communication outcome measure for non-verbal children with neurodisability. It is anticipated that this will be used by clinicians to measure the effect of their interventions. What are the practical and clinical implications of this work? Clinicians should reflect on parents' experiences of communication with their child before discussing potential outcomes with them. Gaining insight into the lived experience of communication for non-verbal children and their families will help healthcare professionals to understand which goals are important to them and why. Few studies have specifically asked which communication outcomes are important for non-verbal children with neurodisability. Further exploration is needed to determine which communication outcomes non-verbal children and their families would like to see included in outcome measures used by clinicians.

‘We Can Help!’ Stories of Professional Accountants’ Quest for Social Worth

The commercialization of the accounting profession has been widely criticized, raising questions about its commitment to serving the public interest. This study nuances these critiques by focusing on professional accountants for whom altruism is a core value. Specifically, we examine the process by which individual accountants attempt to embody altruism by volunteering in accounting humanitarian missions. We theorize accountants’ desire to incarnate altruism as a significance quest in which they attempt to boost their social worth. Through a case study of two humanitarian missions, we uncover how volunteer accountants approached the missions with educational aspirations, wishing to embody altruism by sharing their knowledge. They faced challenges that shaped the situated possibilities of their missions and clashed with their aspirations. To navigate the resulting tensions, they mobilized different means that revealed the difficulties of embodying altruism and the fragility with which it can be accomplished. Our study highlights individual manifestations of altruism and offers a nuanced view of professionals’ understanding of altruism. It also broadens the horizons of how accountants can act in the public interest and integrate social considerations into their practice. Finally, it provides conceptual tools to further understand how accountants can contribute to (or detract from) social issues.

Ishāq bin Ali al-Ruhawi, a pioneer in medical professionalism in the 9th century AD.

Professionalism and medical ethics, while similar, are often viewed in different contexts. An historical and social science analysis reveals that professionalism is a complex skill that can be developed over time. The key components of professionalism, as defined by the American Physical Therapy Association, include accountability, altruism, compassion, excellence, integrity, professional duty, and social responsibility. Throughout history, physicians have been concerned with medical ethics and professionalism. In the Golden Age of Islam, principles such as excellence, honour, integrity, accountability, and duty were important in shaping the professional behavior of physicians. Adab al-Tabib, an ancient work, by Ishāq bin Ali al-Ruhawi focuses on ethical guidelines and teachings related to medical ethics in the Islamic civilization. Many of the ethical issues in this book are of foremost importance as components of professionalism. However while the examples of medical ethics guidelines that pre-existed Adab al-Tabib such as the Hippocratic Oath, are not mentioned. As one of the first statutes of medical ethics in Islamic civilization, Ruhawi is a model for many doctors in the Golden Age of Islam, and over the years his principles have greatly influenced the professional view of physicians.

Healthcare professionals’ experiences of providing palliative care for patients with diabetes – a qualitative study

BackgroundAt present, there are no specific guidelines for the treatment of diabetes in palliative care in Norway. The aim of this study was therefore to explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of providing palliative care to individuals with diabetes in specialist as well as primary care settings.MethodsWe interviewed 12 healthcare professionals from two palliative care units in specialist healthcare, one hospice unit in a nursing home, and one dietary care unit providing counselling in the municipality in the eastern part of Norway. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsOur analysis generated three main themes: 1) “Quality of life is the main focus”, which showed that the healthcare professionals’ main focus was on comforting patients through engagement and communication; 2) “An individualized approach”, emphasizing that the treatment was tailored to the unique circumstances of each individual and considered factors such as life expectancy, difficult blood glucose control, and multidisciplinary collaboration, and 3) “Diabetes in the background”, which highlighted that they had a modest focus on diabetes. Diabetes was seen as another aspect of health that they had to be aware of, but their limited knowledge of diabetes guidelines, technical tools, and treatment choices underscored that attentiveness to the diabetes treatment was not prominent.ConclusionThe findings show that a lack of guidelines allowed for diverse approaches to the treatment of patients with diabetes in palliative care. Attentiveness to diabetes was based on the individual healthcare professionals’ experience and expertise, professional views, and the circumstances of each individual.

Modern Didactics of Acute Pneumonia as a Side Effect of the Antibiotic Era

The widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics for more than eighty years, including not only medicine but also the food industry, has had a significant impact on the usual relationships between representatives of the microbiosphere that accompanies our body. For a long time, the possibility of side effects remained without due attention, giving way to attempts to maintain the original antimicrobial effect of these drugs. Currently, evidence of the consequences of antibiotic therapy has received official recognition only in the form of resistant microflora. Phenomena such as the constant change of AP pathogens and the gradual loss of antibiotics for their purpose remain unstudied. The selective nature of specialists' attention to the side effects of antibiotics is due to a decrease in their effectiveness and the desire to restore the successes of previous therapy. The latter circumstance is a consequence of the negative didactic influence of antibiotics on professional views that determine the strategy for solving the problem and require, first of all, changes following the fundamental canons of medical science and numerous facts.

Point-of-care tests to manage acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of healthcare professional and patient views.

To review the evidence on healthcare professionals' (HCPs) and patients' views of the use of point-of-care tests (POCTs) in the management of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in primary care settings. We conducted a systematic review of studies up to 28 April 2023. We included studies that included qualitative methods and results; focused on HCPs' and/or patients' views/experiences of POCTs for acute RTIs; and were conducted in primary care settings. We conducted a thematic synthesis to identify how their views on POCTs and interventions can support test use (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019150347). We included 33 studies, developing 9 categories each for HCP and patient data. We identified 38 factors affecting POCT use: 28 from HCPs and 10 from patients. Factors exist outside and within consultations, and post-consultations, illustrating that some cannot be addressed by HCPs alone. Fourteen interventions were identified that could address factors and support POCT use, with 7 interventions appearing to address the most factors. Some interventions were beyond the scope of HCPs and patients and needed to be addressed at system and organizational levels. Both groups had mixed views on the use of POCTs and highlighted implementation challenges. This review highlights numerous factors affecting POCT use in primary care. Policy-makers planning to implement POCTs are likely to achieve more by providing multi-faceted interventions that target factors outside, within, and post-consultation. Some interventions may need to be already established before POCT introduction. Whilst evidence beyond general practice is limited, similar factors suggest that similar context-tailored interventions would be appropriate.

Ofsted's Big Listen

Ofsted's recent listening exercise was its biggest ever consultation, seeking the views of professionals, children, parents and carers. Jo Stephenson looks at key areas for change highlighted by the responses

Exploring Public, Practitioner and Policymaker Perspectives of Unhealthy Lifestyle Factors in the Context of Socioeconomic Deprivation: A Qualitative Study.

Unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as smoking, high alcohol intake, poor diet and physical inactivity, are key risk factors for premature mortality. How unhealthy lifestyle factors are viewed in the wider context of socioeconomic deprivation is rarely considered. Understanding key stakeholder views on lifestyle factors in the context of deprivation is critical to intervention development and reducing harm in more deprived populations. The aim of this study was to explore public, healthcare professional and policymaker views around unhealthy lifestyle factors in the context of deprivation. The aim was broad to facilitate iterative development of ideas, as the views of this wide range of stakeholders are rarely captured. Twenty-five adult members of the public in Scotland took part in four focus groups between August 2022 and June 2023. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals: 12 primary-care practitioners and 6 public-health practitioners and policymakers. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Four main themes were developed: (1) Evolving complexity of lifestyle factors - the number of lifestyle factors that adversely impact health has grown, with increasingly complex interactions, (2) Social determinants of lifestyle - numerous links were made between socioeconomic conditions and unhealthy lifestyle factors by all participants, (3) Poverty as a fundamental social determinant - poverty was identified as a core factor for unhealthy lifestyle factors, and (4) Agency versus structure in relation to lifestyle - individual agency to address lifestyle factors was limited by structural constraints. Among professionals, understanding the challenging social determinants of unhealthy lifestyle factors was countered by a desire to support healthy change in those affected by deprivation. Public and professional views around lifestyle highlight an evolving understanding of the new and growing number of lifestyle factors as well as the increasingly complex interplay between lifestyle factors. Views of the social determinants of lifestyle and structural limits to agency strengthen arguments for reduced emphasis on individual-level responsibility for unhealthy lifestyle factors and for deeper integration of social determinants into lifestyle interventions. In addition to addressing poverty and socioeconomic inequalities directly, innovative policy, planning and legislation that incorporate wider approaches could tackle upstream determinants of numerous unhealthy lifestyle factors simultaneously. Members of the public who participated in this study have made contributions by sharing their views and perspectives. The National Health Service Research Scotland Primary Care Patient and Public Involvement (NRS PPI) Group contributed to the development of this work. The NRS PPI Group was consulted as part of the preparatory work for H. M. E. F.'s doctoral thesis funding application. The findings of the qualitative work were presented to them, and they informed the interpretation of those findings and related work presented at conferences and public engagement events.

An advocacy based cross sectional study of healthcare professionals of factors impacting on medication adherence across nine Sub-Saharan African countries

BackgroundAdherence to anti-seizure medication (ASM) by people diagnosed with epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa remains low. The factors for low adherence are not well understood. To improve adherence, it is important to understand the perceptions and views of healthcare professionals delivering epilepsy care to this population. The aim was to investigate the factors influencing ASM adherence. MethodsThis study uses a brief online questionnaire which asked healthcare professionals (both from nursing and medical backgrounds) who work in sub-Saharan African countries to rate a set of pre-established options designed with the feedback of a local focus group of epilepsy experts from countries targeted. The questionnaire consisted of six questions and was a mix of multiple choice and Likert scale questions. ResultsThere were 217 healthcare professionals who replied to the questionnaire. The most important factors believed to be influencing adherence from a healthcare professional perspective are; lack of availability of medication for epilepsy (71%), affordability of medication (60%), the patient, family, carer lacking in understanding of medication (43%), cultural misconceptions about epilepsy (40%) and side effects of the medication (32%). The survey was answered by many different healthcare professionals; 65 participants were doctors and 152 were other healthcare professionals such as nurses (59%) pharmacists (10%) and when comparing them, the three most important categories were consistent across groups. ConclusionHealthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa identify that the primary factors impacting adherence to ASMs, in their view, is affordability and availability of ASMs.Addressing this issue may reduce the treatment gap.

Teachers’ professional ideas on the characteristics of evaluation of educational results of students with limited health abilities on lessons of physics and mathematics

Introduction. The article is dedicated to the problem of evaluating educational achievements of students with limited health abilities in the classes of physics and mathematics. The results of the research aimed at the study of professional views of the teachers on the issues of conducting interim certification of students at the level of basic general education are presented in this work. The actuality of the study is determined by the need to improve the quality of general education of students with OHS, which is directly related to the assessment of their educational results. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted among physics and mathematics teachers using an online questionnaire, consisting of problems, the answers to which characterize the professional positions of teachers in terms of defining goals, developing assessment tools, using a differentiated approach and creating special conditions when conducting midterm assessment and assessing the educational results of students with special educational needs. Results. The results of the study showed a fairly wide variability of the views of the teachers on the subject studied. The majority of respondents point to the need to modify and differentiate the ratings by the degree of complexity, allowing to provide different types of assistance to students, and consider it necessary to create special conditions. At the same time, in practice, part of the teachers address the problem quite formally, and in some cases the special educational needs of the students are ignored. Discussion and Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the author, on the one hand, notes the insufficient scientific development of the problem, on the other hand, he identifies some professional deficits of physics and mathematics teachers in terms of competencies related to the assessment of educational results. These deficits, according to the author, can be overcome by developing and including in the content of the main and additional professional educational programs sections related to the study of the special educational needs of different categories of students with disabilities, which determine the features of assessing their educational achievements, including the features of adapting assessment tools and assessment procedures, creating special conditions.

Ценностно-смысловые характеристики тьюторской позиции педагога

The relevance of the research is due to the trends developing in the Russian education that are connected with updating the approaches and principles of the pedagogical activity based on tutorship ideas. The formation of a new pedagogical profession of a tutor in mass educational practice has objectified the problems associated with a unified understanding of the key categories of tutoring by the pedagogical community. These categories determine the essence and peculiarities of professional tutoring. The purpose of the study is to identify the axiological characteristics of the teacher with a tutor’s viewpoint, revealing the specifics of the tutor’s interaction with students and distinguishing the profession of a tutor among other pedagogical professions. The following methods (tools) were used: the review of psychological and pedagogical literature, content analysis, comparison, juxtaposition, generalization, schematization and systematization of the materials on the problem under analysis. The research methodological basis is built on scientific works considering the categories ‘viewpoint’ and ‘professional viewpoint’, studying the essence and peculiarities of the teacher’s tutoring viewpoint. Results: the concept of the ‘viewpoint’ is defined as a system of opinions, principles, and a person’s attitudes to certain aspects of reality, manifested in their behavior and actions. One of the significant aspects of a person’s position is their professional views, which determine the trajectories of life and the professional path. The comparative analysis of researchers’ views on the professional viewpoint in the aspect of one’s pedagogical activity has made it possible to identify the correlation between the pedagogical viewpoint and the level of one’s professional development. The teacher’s viewpoint based on the ideas of tutorship is considered as a specific culture of the pedagogical activity grounded on the ideas of anthropologization and individualization of education. The author proposes the understanding of such categories as ‘a teacher as a tutor’, ‘a teacher with a viewpoint of a tutor’, ‘a teacher with the tutor competence’. On this basis the study distinguishes the principal vectors of one’s professional development in the field of tutoring. Main conclusions: the singled out and theoretically substantiated axiological characteristics of the teacher with a tutor’s viewpoint allow it to be identified among other pedagogical positions and roles as well as to determine the place and purpose of the new profession of a tutor in modern education. Practical significance: the results obtained can be used as meaningful and axiological guidelines in the construction of a system of vocational education in the field of tutoring and the development of educational programs for the professional training of tutors.

Defining nursing entrepreneurship from the point of view of future professionals: A qualitative study

IntroductionEntrepreneurship comprises the development of novel projects, products, and strategies, both from a business perspective and in the context of nursing care. Despite ongoing debate as to whether entrepreneurship should be considered a distinct academic discipline, this subject remains largely unexplored within the health sciences. There is a paucity of published work examining whether entrepreneurship constitutes a specific competence and what nurses and nursing students understand by entrepreneurship. This study aims to identify, on the basis of the beliefs of nursing students from different countries, what entrepreneurship in nursing is. Based on these responses, a definition of entrepreneurship in nursing that responds to society's current needs is proposed. MethodologyQualitative descriptive methods were employed to gather insights from first- and second-year students across four nursing faculties: two located in Colombia, one in Peru, and one in Spain. The students were tasked with defining entrepreneurship within the nursing context. This inquiry was posed at the outset of the educational sessions on entrepreneurship, ensuring that the students had no preexisting information. The responses were collected using the digital platform Mentimeter, which allowed the students to submit their answers via mobile devices. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsA total of 160 written responses were received, analyzed, and categorised by the research team. Finally, 24 codes were obtained, which were grouped into 5 main themes: Healthcare and patient support, Innovation in nursing, Continuous professional improvement, nurses' contributions to society, and own project development. ConclusionDrawing from the experiences and beliefs of nursing students, entrepreneurship is characterized as the ability to innovate, conduct research, and advance scientific knowledge, thereby achieving continuous improvement in care while engaging with environmental and societal contexts.

The managerial and future-oriented role of audience data in data-informed news organisations

One sign of datafication in journalism is that newsrooms utilise insights from audience data and related metrics in their decision-making. In professional discourse, this often alludes to the notion of ‘data-informed newsrooms’ in which organisations are managed with the help of data. This article focuses on the managerial role of audience data in such organisations: What types of audience data inform newsrooms, which domains of newsroom management are being informed by data, and what kinds of visions motivate the future of data use in news organisations? These questions are answered based on empirical material from three different research projects (2020–2022) in Finland, including both qualitative interviews and survey results featuring the views of varied journalism professionals on data use. The theoretical framework draws from conceptualisations of anticipatory governance. Professionals’ interpretations of audience data reveal the basic elements of data sources, types, systems and storages that inform the organisations. Such audience data are used for four main management purposes–leading individuals, work processes, the news product, and the audience. The role of audience data in the future preferably includes elements of predictability, fairness, usability, and depth. However, there are discrepancies between the visions themselves as well as the views of the managers and journalists, which results in an ongoing negotiation about the suitable role of audience data in news organisations.

Human heritable genome editing and its governance: views of scientists and governance professionals

Heritable human genome editing has garnered significant attention in scholarly and lay media, yet questions remain about whether, when, and how heritable genome editing ought to proceed. Drawing on interviews with scientists who use genome editing in their research and professionals engaged in human genome editing governance efforts, we examine their views on the permissibility of heritable genome editing and the governance strategies they see as necessary and realistic. For both issues, we found divergent views from respondents. We place the views of these scientists and governance professionals within the context of the larger bioethical discussion of heritable genome editing governance, along a continuum of hard to soft approaches. These respondents’ views highlight the challenges of various hard forms of governance and the potential virtues of soft governance approaches.

Health professionals' experiences and views on obstetric ultrasound in Victoria, Australia: A cross‐sectional survey

Health professionals' experiences and views on obstetric ultrasound in Victoria, Australia: A cross‐sectional survey

Adopting AI Advertising Creative Technology in China: A Mixed Method Study Through the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Framework, Perceived Value and Ethical Concerns

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful force that is reshaping and challenging the ad industry by increasing its efficiency and accountability. The industry must invent new ways to work with AI technologies. This study takes the perspective of professionals in the advertising industry and explores the key factors influencing their adoption of AI ad creative technology through quantitative survey and computational textual analysis. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived control, corporate innovativeness, and competitive pressure all have a direct impact on the adoption of AI ad creative technology, with perceived value acting as a crucial intermediary. Moreover, adoption may be tempered by industry professionals’ ethical concerns about the technology. The findings reveal nuanced views of professionals on AI in advertising, providing valuable theoretical and practical insights.