Views Of Officers Research Articles

Teaching student-driven modules in macroeconomics classes

The authors of this article describe three student-driven learning modules developed from their respective College Fed Challenge courses. These activities are ready-to-apply in a wide range of courses to facilitate adoption without a large time commitment. In the Pick a Policy Maker module, students gain an understanding of the diversity of policy makers by learning about the careers and views of various officials. In the Major Debates on Monetary Policy module, student groups select debates, create original charts, conduct academic research, and present their findings. In the Fun with FRED module, students learn how to work with the FRED interactive graphing tools in the FRED dashboard to analyze current and past macroeconomic data. Through these modules, students develop research, presentation, data analytics, and teamwork skills.

Views of South Korean officials of enterprises on mandatory retirement age

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored how South Korean officials of small- and medium-sized enterprises view mandatory retirement age. Many contend that it would be difficult to abolish the Korea’s mandatory retirement age because of the seniority wage system. However, some argue that healthy, competent workers should be retained and recruited regardless of age. To promote employing older workers, adjusting circumstances by renewing contracts, adopting employment flexibility, and reducing labor union pressure have all been suggested. Additionally, a peak wage system could be promoted as an alternative to the seniority wage system. Considering that the officials participating in this study hail from diverse industries, future researchers should conduct qualitative and quantitative studies on specific sectors for an industry-specific perspective on mandatory retirement age.

Towards a Community-Based Framework for Flood Risk Management in Woodlands Park, Gweru

AbstractUrban flood risks in Zimbabwe emanate from the twin challenges of rapid urbanisation and climate change. Most urban settlements have become increasingly anchorages, which require increased adaptation through the sustainable management of urban storm water. Building on the Woodlands Park case in Gweru, this paper locates the problem of recurrent floods to the impasse between residents and council authorities on the one hand, and climatic risks reinforcing underlying rapid urbanisation challenges on the other hand. The purpose of the study was to gather the views of residents and their role in seeking solutions to the storm water management challenges. Utilising a mixed methodology, insights were drawn from field observations and purposive selection of 50 household representatives, triangulated with the views of officials from Gweru City Council (GCC). Data were obtained through in-depth interviews using semi-structured questions and analysed using thematic content analysis where participants’ views were grouped into themes according to their resemblance. By utilising Vensim PLE 7.3 Software, we applied systems thinking theory to reveal the interconnectedness of the factors leading to heightened storm water challenges. The findings showed that Woodlands Park lacks proper drainage installations that meet the standards of GCC. Some residents use personal resources to make storm drains on their yards but with differing structural dimensions. The local drainage system gets choked by silt and illegally dumped litter. Municipal authorities do not undertake routine annual drain reticulation operations, exposing houses to flooding. We argue that municipal authorities, land developers and the residents have not equitably collated their efforts to create bargained storm water management initiatives. The study proposes a community-based, low-cost flood resilience framework that engages residents with technical guidance from municipal staff.

Correctional Transgender Policy in Canada's Federal Prison System.

Since December 2017, Canada's federal correctional system provides prisoners the opportunity to be assigned to living units according to their self-identified gender. Still organized around sex, conceptually and spatially, prison policies and procedures surrounding transgender prisoners require navigation to adhere to the rights of all prisoners. Based on interviews conducted between October 2019 and October 2021 with 74 correctional officers (COs) from the Canadian federal prison system, we discuss how correctional officers view and operationalize Canada's transgender policy to understand its unintended consequences for both prisoners and prison staff. Unintended consequences revolve around the potential risk for prisoner victimization, prisoner pregnancy, lack of adequate housing, strip search complications, officers' fear of being labeled transphobic, and uncertainty and discretion; all having effects on staff wellness. The policy, although well-intended, may potentially compromise prisoner safety, making correctional work even more stressful.

Purchasing privilege? How status cues affect police suspicion in routine traffic stops

ABSTRACT A police officer’s decision to search a driver’s car during a routine traffic stop is based on many variables and indicates that the officer views the driver with suspicion. In this paper, we ask whether driving a luxury-brand car reduces police suspicion during a traffic stop. We find significant reductions in rates of search for minority drivers of luxury cars, though these benefits fade away as the car grows older. We further explore the interactions between personal identity and vehicle type and find powerful effects associated with whether the vehicle indicates occupational status. Our study is based on more than 10 million traffic stops conducted by the Texas Highway Patrol. These findings add status cues to the long list of factors that appear to influence how police treat drivers during routine traffic stops.

Prospects of cotton growing in the Caspian provinces of Iran in the assessments of officials of the Russian Empire on the eve and during the First World War

The article is devoted to the assessment of the prospects for the development of cotton growing in the Astarabad and Mazanderan provinces of Qajar Iran by the statesmen of the Russian Empire on the eve and during the First World War. The pre-war years were characterized by the intensification of Russian policy in the region. Among other things, with the active participation of the consulate in Astarabad, the formation of large Russian land ownership in the Caspian provinces and the development of peasant resettlement in the region is taking place. Cotton was considered as one of the main promising crops for breeding in the established farms, while it was the most interesting from the point of view of solving Russia’s strategic tasks to ensure the country’s resource independence. This problem is one of the little-studied in the existing historiography. On the basis of archival and published sources, the views of officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Resettlement Department on the problem of cotton growing are investigated. It is shown that due to the favorable climatic conditions of the region and its natural resources, the prospects for cotton cultivation for the Russian market looked promising. The connection in the ideas of the officials of the Resettlement Department of the success of cotton growing with the development of Russian peasant resettlement, the influence of the ideas of the "civilizing mission" of Russia on their considerations is also noted.

Are Memories of Use-of-Force Incidents Altered When Police Officers View Their Body-Worn Camera Footage?

For evaluations of police conduct, the Supreme Court of the United States ruling in Graham v. Connor (1989) sets the standard for deciding if an officer’s use of force was reasonable and justified. The “reasonableness” criterion, according to this ruling, must be “judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight.” How should “the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene” be evaluated? The results of research indicate that viewing their body-worn camera (BWC) footage of a use-of-force incident can alter officers’ memory for what occurred during the incident, and so their perception of the event after viewing the video may be different from their actual perception “on the scene”. If an officer’s event memory is to be used to determine whether their use of force was justified, then it is important to ensure that these memories are not altered by viewing their BWC footage, which we now know can be a powerful source of post-event suggestion.

Community sport, Australian sport policy, and advocacy: The views of community sport club officials

AbstractIn Australia, the policy priorities and processes of government and national governing bodies of sport impact how community sport organizations operate. This study explored the views of community sport club (CSC) officials (n = 53) in the Illawarra region in New South Wales, where there is a disparity in impact compared with their better‐resourced urban counterparts concerning sustainability, policy, and advocacy matters. Participants were surveyed for their views about the typically top‐down policy processes, inter‐organizational relationships, and advocacy for community sport. CSC officials participated in an online survey to assess opinions on resource issues and policy processes. The findings demonstrated that community sport is challenging to sustain and that CSC officials have little influence on policy. The outcome points to an appetite for advocacy from CSC officials in policy creation. Further, the Advocacy Coalition Framework is proffered as a platform for evaluating the viability of advocacy within community sport.

The views of scientists-police officers on the problem of epidemic prevention

The subject of the study is the provisions formulated by foreign and domestic jurists in the field of policeistics regarding the prevention of epidemic threats. The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the views of cameralist authors on these issues in antithesis with the views of representatives of social Darwinism. The aim of the study is the scientific reconstruction of the political and legal model of the functioning of state power structures, namely the executive and medical police for the prevention of epidemic diseases, presented in the works of scientists-police officers of the late XVIII – early XX centuries. Abstraction, comparative legal and content analysis were chosen as the methods of study, with the help of which the works of political scientists were studied. The scope of application of the results and their novelty lies in the awareness of the value of the accumulated social and state-legal experience in the prevention of various kinds of epidemics. In the context of the emergence of a new coronavirus infection, the problem of determining and promptly applying a set of effective anti–epidemic measures has become particularly acute, many of which had deep historical roots and were reanimated as living conditions and everyday life, on the one hand, and the imperious dictates of the state, on the other. The conclusions and results of the work were accumulated on the basis of studying the works of representatives of the science of the police state and law. It was revealed that the stated problems are historically imperishable. The complex of preventive measures of an anti-epidemic nature was developed which historically spontaneously and entered into the usual norms of everyday life in Russia since ancient times. Since the XIV century, all kinds of quarantine and other restrictive measures have been taken to counteract mass diseases. At the same time, these diverse measures had a common focus despite the various sources of origin and development.

An examination of how voluntary international netball officials view and experience well-being

ABSTRACT Research aim The purpose of this research was to explore the views and experiences of international volunteer netball officials about their well-being and its contributing factors. Research methods A qualitative methodology, involving semi-structured interviews, was used. Fourteen participants (10 females and 4 males) occupying different official and official coach roles at the highest qualification tier were interviewed from across all five global netball regions. A thematic analysis was used to inductively code interviews to investigate well-being perspectives and influencing factors. Results and findings Five main themes were found to most affect netball officials’ well-being: (i) structured support: uneven or absent; (ii) juggling and prioritising; (iii) feedback: private praise, public criticism and feeling under-valued; (iv) the mentally prepared official; and (v) being a successful “brand”. General findings showed a perceived stigma around revealing well-being issues, the need for further organisational resources and support and unfairness that might contribute to the well-being of officials in high-performance sport. Implications The findings suggest a greater focus on individualised and peer-based support mechanisms, other education to enhance well-being literacy and the need for explanation and improvements to be made to processes surrounding the progression pathway. Research contribution The research provides new insights that contribute to the current lack of knowledge about well-being in volunteer sport official populations and uniquely studies this in a high-performance, international sport setting.

Зарубежный опыт и перспективы использования электронного формата уголовных дел в Российской Федерации

The article discusses the foreign experience of digitalization of the preliminary investigation. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that, given the predominance of the conservative view of law enforcement officers and the legislator of the Russian Federation, only minor steps are currently taking place towards the digitalization of the preliminary investigation in our country. At the same time, it was found that the introduction of various information systems and workstations into practical activities, which involved the creation of a single system, a wide coverage network, did not occur due to the lack of a single request from the system of investigative bodies and technical capabilities, as well as the absence of an urgent need to change the order of work by investigators and interrogators.

Local management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: a longitudinal interview study of municipality chief medical officers

Objective To explore the experiences and views of Norwegian Municipality Chief Medical Officers (MCMOs) on preparedness, collaboration, and organization during the COVID-19 pandemic to gain insight into local crisis management of value for future pandemic responses. Design Longitudinal qualitative interview study. We conducted semi-structured digital interviews with nine MCMOs working in different municipalities in Norway from September to December 2020. Five MCMOs were re-interviewed from January to April 2021. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results Through the analysis, three major themes were identified in the material; 1) The view of preparedness changed from being low-priority and dormant to the desire to strengthen preparedness as a permanent measure; 2) The nature of the pandemic forced a change in internal and external communication and collaboration for the MCMOs towards direct dialogue, teamwork and digital networking; 3) The pandemic changed the role and position of the MCMO within the municipal organization. Although most MCMOs were given a leading role in the municipal pandemic response, some MCMOs experienced that they were not positioned to fully exercise their intended role. In our material, de-authorization of the MCMO role seemed to coincide with the increasing size and organizational complexity of the municipality. Conclusions The Norwegian pandemic response and outcome have been regarded as successful internationally. Although the MCMOs managed to implement flexible and quick responses facilitated by teamwork, dialogue, and joint sensemaking, they also identified several challenges and shortcomings of the Norwegian pandemic preparedness requiring organizational and financial changes to sustain future health system resilience.

‘“But will I write disgustingly?” The Shock of Transmission in Martin Amis’s The Zone of Interest’

This article explores the way British writer Martin Amis approaches the issue of the transmission of the trauma of the Holocaust in his novel The Zone of Interest (2014). Amis offers to engage once again with the genre of perpetrators fiction as the novel adopts the point of view of Nazi officials and recounts the daily lives of officers working in a nameless camp meant to resemble Auschwitz. Amis thus returns to a literary tradition that has long been reflecting on the possibility and ethics of writing about the trauma of the Shoah. This article will recontextualize the publication controversy that erupted after Amis’s French and German editors refused to publish the text. It then intends to follow Marianne Hirsch and Leo Spitzer’s injunction to ‘scrutinize the “acts of transfer”’ so as to identify the narrative mechanisms used in the novel to transmit the horror of the Holocaust. This paper will examine how Amis uses the paratext of his novel to question his approach to the memory of the Shoah and to situate his position regarding the matter. Yet the publishing controversy suggests that Amis’s intention of creative transmission might be threatened by the very way of telling history. In light of Rita Felski’s work on the reader’s engagement with a text, this paper will therefore determine how Amis resorts to using shock and disgust as a way of letting something of the Holocaust ‘pass through’ while challenging the aesthetic pleasure one might experience in reading those testimonies.

Opioid treatment program culture and philosophy: Views of OTP staff and state officials on implementing interim methadone treatment

IntroductionPeople seeking treatment at opioid treatment programs (OTPs) can face admission delays. Interim methadone (IM) treatment, an effective approach to expedite admissions when programs lack sufficient counseling staff, has been seldom implemented. A study of implementation facilitation to spur the use of IM was conducted among six OTPs and their state opioid treatment authorities (SOTAs) in four US states. Between study recruitment and launch, organizational changes at three OTPs eliminated their need for IM. Two OTPs' requests to their states to provide IM (one prior to study launch and one following launch) were deferred by the states due to internal issues that required resolution to comply with federal IM regulations. During the study, another OTP's delays resolved, and one OTP streamlined its admissions procedures. MethodsVirtual interviews were conducted with 16 OTP staff and SOTAs from six OTPs in four US states following their participation in the parent study. Interviews focused on the feasibility and acceptability of the implementation intervention for IM. We analyzed data using a constant comparative approach. ResultsTwo overarching themes emerged from the qualitative data with respect to the role that organizational culture plays in OTP staff views of efforts to implement interim methadone: (1) the contrasting views of interim methadone based on whether staff adopt a traditional treatment vs. harm reduction philosophy and (2) the importance of reconciling these philosophies in addressing the culture shift that would accompany the process of implementing IM. ConclusionsOrganizational treatment philosophy and program culture emerged as important factors determining the OTPs' staff's willingness to adopt new approaches to expedite admissions. Participants noted a tension between traditional treatment and harm reduction philosophies that impacted their views of IM, in part based on when they entered the drug treatment field. While understanding and addressing treatment philosophy and organizational culture and willingness to change is of importance when implementing new approaches in OTPs, leadership at the state and OTP level are powerful drivers of change.

Youth of North East States of India: Issues, Concerns and Need for Mental Health Support as Perceived by NCC Officers

The youth of North-East India are in disadvantaged situations as compared to youth from the rest of the country in all respects. The objective of this article was to examine the views of the NCC Officers of North-East states about youth welfare in the region as they have first-hand experience in dealing with youth. Participants’ views were obtained on-line, by using a Semi-structured Questionnaire in the form of Google Form. A group of 142 NCC Officers provided feedback. Data collected were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings disclosed that youth of North-East states experience a range of challenges including poverty, lack of internet facilities, inability to attend NCC camps due to ongoing classes, substance dependence, lack of guidance and support leading to dropout and lack of values. The NCC Officers opined that a good number of North-East youths require mental health support and career guidance, in addition to mental health awareness.

The Views of Police Officers Toward Gun Legislation and Public Health Policies Driven by Firearm Safety Concerns.

Gun violence is a principal cause of premature death in America. It has been suggested that solutions to gun violence may be found using a public health approach, which is broader than dealing with the problem via law enforcement alone. A component of a public health approach to gun violence is the implementation of policies or laws. Unfortunately, there is a serious gap in our understanding of how street-level police officers view proposed or existing firearms legislation. This is an important omission, because it is line-level personnel who are tasked with enforcing these policies within highly discretionary contexts. We surveyed police from three jurisdictions to establish a baseline understanding of officers' views about potential gun legislation and identify possible resistance and implementation barriers of firearms laws. The findings suggest that those responsible for enforcing new laws show limited or mixed support for the same. Officers were most supportive of laws that increase the presence of trained gun owners within certain contexts and ensure that individuals with criminal backgrounds or mental health concerns do not have access to firearms. Most officers support prohibiting gun ownership following conviction of a domestic violence offense. However, officers generally opposed gun legislation banning assault weapons, large capacity magazines, and internet ammunition purchases. Finally, officers with the Buffalo Police Department-which recently had experienced an active-shooter event-were more supportive of almost all types of legislation. Respondents expressing greater concern about officer safety related to firearms were supportive of several types of firearm legislation.

Police body-worn cameras and privacy: Views and concerns of officers and citizens

Police body-worn cameras (BWC) have been lauded for their potential to increase transparency and accountability by documenting officers’ actions and interactions with citizens. However, despite their widespread use in recent years, several law enforcement agencies have been hesitant to adopt this technology because of privacy concerns. This article explores the views of police officers and citizens from the Canadian province of Quebec towards the use of BWCs. Specifically, it seeks to: (a) understand how officers feel about being monitored by BWCs and (b) assess citizens’ privacy concerns towards police BWCs. A mixed-method research design was used, including interviews and focus groups with 78 police officers, including 46 officers from four pilot sites, and a telephone survey of 1609 residents from the same sites. The results show that officers are concerned about the potential effects of BWCs on their privacy and the privacy of the public. One major area of concern is the impact it may have on their work performance and the use of adaptative measures that support them in carrying out challenging duties. By contrast, most citizens have no reservations about being recorded by a BWC. Certain individual characteristics—such as age and perceptions of the police—however, were associated with heightened privacy concerns. Without neglecting citizens’ privacy, this study provides insights into the development of BWC policies that preserve officers’ right to privacy and ability to fulfill their duty.

South African Public Sector Post-Apartheid Economic Initiatives For Human Development: Why Were The Strategies Short-Lived?

This paper investigates the extent to which the national economic initiatives introduced in post-apartheid South Africa were successful, why they were removed and why they were unsustainable or indefensible. In order to address the research questions, this study used a qualitative design involving the views of government officials who participated in the formulation of national policies. A total of six officials for each strategy (RDP, GEAR, ASGISA, NGP, NDP, DDM) were sampled purposively, in order to generate rich information on the performance of each policy considered, and the decision to replace the policy. A semi-structured survey form was developed for this purpose. The study results show that none of the economic strategies were able to decisively change the trajectory of South Africa’s economic development. The key reasons are the removal of the economic strategies before they achieved the stated objectives potential; inability to adjust and refocus strategies continuously; a lack of implementation and monitoring capacity. The study contributes to the understanding of how South Africa’s economic development strategies performed and why they were removed. This informs future approaches to the development and management of economic strategies. The findings suggest that there must be sound and consistent public management to drive and coordinate implementation, in order for economic development initiatives to be effective.

CRIMINOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE PREMEDITATED MURDER PERPETRATED BY RICHARD ELIEZER IN CASE LAW NUMBER 798/Pid.B/2022/PN JKT.SEL

<p>Murder cases in Indonesia often occur but there is one murder case committed by law enforcers. This harms the public view of law enforcement officials. On the other hand, we must be able to see this murder case from the perspective of the murderer, one of whom is Richard Eliezer in the murder case of Brigadier Joshua Hutabarat. Richard Eliezer was a policeman who killed another policeman, Joshua. In this murder we must be able to see from different perspectives such as the perspective of psychology, sociology and society so that everyone can judge whether the penalty that Richard Eliezer recevied was proper or not. The purpose of this research is to examine from the criminological perspective the premeditated murder perpetrated by law enforcement officers against their aides who should be under their guidance. The methodology used is normative, reinforced by primary data, especially in the material of Court Decision no. 798/Pid.B/2022, statements from witnesses in this premeditated murder case. Then, analyze with secondary data and the law system in the police. It is found that psychology of abuse of power often involves analyzing the motivations and behaviors of individuals who abuse power, as well as the factors that influence and prevent such behavior related to the penalty imposed in the case law, seen from perspectives such as the psychology, sociology and society.</p>

Представления сотрудников органов внутренних дел о психологической безопасности субъекта служебной деятельности

Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of "psychological security of the individual" in modern psychological science and their own empirical research of the views of the police officers about the phenomenon under study, the concept of "psychological security of the subjects of official activity" is clarified. By the method of an expert survey, which was attended by 18 employees of the Department of Internal Affairs serving as adjuncts of the Faculty of Training Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikotya, its five-component structure was revealed, including: cognitive, emotional, motivational, socio-psychological, and psychophysiological components. It is established that experts consider the most important manifestations of the psychological security of subjects of official activity to be a subjective assessment of the situation as not threatening and controlled, but their capabilities for regulating it as sufficient; the absence of social anxiety and fear of interaction; the absence of psychological violence from Others; lack of social frustration (satisfaction with life and work). At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion that the differentiation of the psychological safety of the subject of official activity in the categories of mental phenomena should be carried out rather through the category of "mental education" than through the category of "mental state", as is done in most modern scientific research.