Viewpoints Of Physicians Research Articles

A SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE TÜRKİYE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: A PHYSICIANS' PERSPECTIVE

The aim of this study is to conduct a SWOT analysis of the Türkiye healthcare system from the viewpoint of physicians. The sample for this study consisted of 22 physicians who voluntarily participated. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interview forms for data collection. Data were gathered both face-to-face and online. The obtained data were coded, and similar codes were categorized and themed. This study incorporated both SWOT analysis and content analysis methods. When examining the findings, physicians highlighted easy access and availability as the strong aspects of the Türkiye healthcare system. However, the system's weaknesses were predominantly identified as issues concerning healthcare professionals. On the other hand, medical tourism was pointed out as the most significant opportunity awaiting the health system, whereas the escalating violence towards healthcare workers was perceived as the biggest threat. The Türkiye Healthcare System stands out with strengths such as ease of access and advanced technological infrastructure, as well as opportunities like medical tourism. However, it also harbors pressing challenges, including violence against healthcare workers and medication shortages. It is anticipated that many of these issues will be addressed when the balance between demand and supply is achieved.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and research activities in obstetrics and gynecology: a national two-stage, stratified, cluster sampling survey in China

BackgroundFew studies quantified the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical teaching and scientific research activities in China. This is the first national study to investigate such topics from the viewpoint of physicians practicing obstetrics and gynecology in China.MethodsThis is a national questionnaire survey with online interviews for respondents. This two-stage, stratified, cluster sampling method was applied based on city categories (categories 1 to 3 correspond to < 10,000, 10,000 to 30,000, and > 30,000 beds, respectively), hospital levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary), and hospital types (general and specialized) in China among physicians practicing obstetrics and gynecology. Physicians documented notable alterations in both overall and specialized teaching and research engagements. Comparative analyses were conducted across diverse municipal and hospital attributes.ResultsData were collected from a representative sample of 11,806 physicians from 779 hospitals across 157 cities and 31 provinces. Notably, except for online seminars, a minimum reduction of 20% in both overall and specialized teaching and research activities was observed among physicians. Up to 61.7% (95% confidence interval 59.3–64.0) of physicians reported either a complete termination or a > 50% decline in resident training. Compared with category 1 cities and primary hospitals, category 3 cities and tertiary hospitals experienced greater reductions in items of resident or graduate education, visiting scholar, clinical trials, and laboratory studies (adjusted p values < 0.05), coupled with notable increases in online seminar participation (adjusted p values of 0.002 and < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsAmidst the COVID-19 pandemic in China, activities requiring direct, face-to-face communication were more affected in resource-rich cities and general hospitals compared to resource-limited areas and specialized hospitals. Residency training experienced the most significant decline. Conversely, participation in online seminars increased, providing additional opportunities for continuing medical education.

MRONJ: medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw from a viewpoint of physicians prescribing anti-osteoporotic medication

MRONJ: medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw from a viewpoint of physicians prescribing anti-osteoporotic medication

Ethical perspectives regarding Euthanasia, including in the context of adult psychiatry: a qualitative interview study among healthcare workers in Belgium

IntroductionPrevious research has explored euthanasia’s ethical dimensions, primarily focusing on general practice and, to a lesser extent, psychiatry, mainly from the viewpoints of physicians and nurses. However, a gap exists in understanding the comprehensive value-based perspectives of other professionals involved in both somatic and psychiatric euthanasia. This paper aims to analyze the interplay among legal, medical, and ethical factors to clarify how foundational values shape the ethical discourse surrounding euthanasia in both somatic and psychiatric contexts. It seeks to explore these dynamics among all healthcare professionals and volunteers in Belgium.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 Dutch-speaking healthcare workers who had encountered patients requesting euthanasia for psychiatric conditions, in Belgium, from August 2019 to August 2020. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to the interview transcripts.FindingsParticipants identified three pivotal values and virtues: religious values, professional values, and fundamental medical values encompassing autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence, linked to compassion, quality care, and justice. These values interwove across four tiers: the patient, the patient’s inner circle, the medical realm, and society at large. Irrespective of their euthanasia stance, participants generally displayed a blend of ethical values across these tiers. Their euthanasia perspective was primarily shaped by value interpretation, significance allocation to key components, and tier weighting. Explicit mention of varying ethical values, potentially indicating distinct stances in favor of or against euthanasia, was infrequent.ConclusionThe study underscores ethical discourse’s central role in navigating euthanasia’s intricate landscape. Fostering inclusive dialogue, bridging diverse values, supports informed decision-making, nurturing justice, and empathy. Tailored end-of-life healthcare in psychiatry is essential, acknowledging all involved actors’ needs. The study calls for interdisciplinary research to comprehensively grasp euthanasia’s multifaceted dimensions, and guiding policy evolution. While contextualized in Belgium, the implications extend to the broader euthanasia discourse, suggesting avenues for further inquiry and cross-cultural exploration.

Voices From the Field: Amplifying Clinicians' Perspectives for Black Maternal Equity [ID 2683631

INTRODUCTION: Nationally, Black birthing individuals face a disproportionate burden of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. Although there is growing research interest in tackling these inequities, a significant gap exists in incorporating the insights and perspectives of interprofessional front-line clinicians. This study sought to learn the experiences and viewpoints of physicians, certified nurse-midwives (CNMs), and registered nurses (RNs) to identify strategies for addressing maternal care inequities. METHODS: In collaboration with our community advisory board, we constructed semistructured questions to conduct interviews and focus groups with obstetrical clinicians. Transcripts were coded using NVIVO, utilizing inductive and deductive approaches, and content and narrative analysis to identify themes. Participant consent and IRB exemption status were obtained. RESULTS: We interviewed 20 clinicians: 6 ob-gyn physician interviews, 3 CNMs, and 14 RNs across two focus groups between January and July 2023. Key themes emerged regarding systemic challenges and opportunities. Identified challenges include 1) clinician bias and poor communication, 2) unequal care, 3) patient mistrust, and 4) lack of administrative data. Opportunities for future directions include 1) implementation of clinician training and simulation with an equity lens, 2) standardization of maternal care with safety bundles, 3) incorporation of group prenatal care and expansion of postpartum wraparound services, and 4) disaggregation of clinical operations data by race. CONCLUSION: This study identifies key challenges and opportunities to address the Black maternal health crisis. Our findings inform priorities to guide ACOG's collective action and commitment to eliminating racial inequities that lead to disparate health outcomes.

Sources and Information Needs of Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Physician's Viewpoints in the Northeast of Iran: A Cross‐sectional Study

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, and it is the third and fourth most common cancer among Iranian men and women, respectively. Patients suffering from cancer have different information needs, and one of the most important and reliable sources of information for them is their physicians. Providing adequate information will reduce patients' anxiety and empower them, and proper planning in this field requires awareness of patients' needs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the sources and information needs of patients suffering from colorectal cancer and physicians' viewpoints regarding this issue.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey-based study was conducted from May to December 2017. All patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and physicians in oncology outpatient clinics at a specialized cancer hospital and a radiotherapy oncology center in Mashhad, Iran (the only specialized cancer centers in the northeastern part of Iran) were invited to participate in the study using the census technique. The patient questionnaire was about patients' attitudes toward the consultant's information and disease, information leaflets, the treatments and complications of the disease, and information sources for the disease. And the physician questionnaire was about the information the physician would give to the patients regarding their disease, treatment options, side effects, who is considered to inform the patients of their diagnosis, the patient's use of the Internet as a source of information, and training to provide the patient with information.Results: The mean ages of the patients and physicians participating in this study were 50.72 ± 16.15 and 40.03 ± 11.08 years, respectively. Most of the cases (44.8%) wanted to know everything about their illness as much as possible, while 45.5% of the patients needed the information. The majority (85.9%) of the participants were willing to know about all possible therapies regarding their illness, while 63.3% of the physicians provided treatment options that were suitable for the patient in their view, and only 33.3% of the physicians told the patients all possible treatment options. The patients received the most useful information from medical staff, family and friends, the Internet, brochures, magazines, and newspapers. Among all, 37% of the cases said that information on the Internet was highly reliable, while 60% of the physicians believed that if the content of the information on the Internet was carefully selected, it could be useful.Conclusion: Information regarding the illness, diagnosis, and treatment is one of the essential needs for patients suffering from colorectal cancer. It seems that it is necessary to have a good and organized plan to provide the patients suffering from colorectal cancer with the required information and increase their health information literacy as one of their undeniable rights.

Experiences with and perspectives on advance care planning in young- and late- onset dementia: A focus group study with physicians from various disciplines.

Despite the relevance of advance care planning (ACP) for people with dementia, its uptake in this population is particularly low. Several challenges for ACP in dementia have been identified from physicians' perspectives. However, the literature available mainly includes general practitioners and focuses exclusively on the context of late-onset dementia. This is the first study to inquire physicians from four highly relevant specialisms in dementia care, with a focus toward potential specificities based on patients' age. The research question of this study is: "What are physicians' experiences with and perspectives on discussing ACP with people with young- and/or late-onset dementia?". Five online focus groups were conducted with 21 physicians (general practitioners, psychiatrists, neurologists and geriatricians) in Flanders, Belgium. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed through the qualitative method of constant comparative analysis. Physicians believed that the societal stigma related to dementia influences people's reaction to their diagnosis, at times characterized by catastrophic expectations for the future. In this regard, they explained that the topic of euthanasia is sometimes addressed by patients very early in the disease trajectory. Respondents paid ample attention to actual end-of-life decisions, including DNR directives, when discussing ACP in dementia. Physicians felt responsible for providing accurate information on both dementia as a condition, and the legal framework of end-of-life decisions. Most participants felt that patients' and caregivers' wish for ACP was more driven by who their personality than by their age. Nonetheless, physicians identified specificities for a younger dementia population in terms of ACP: they believed that ACP covered more domains of life than for older persons. A high consistency regarding the viewpoints of physicians from differing specialisms was noted. Physicians acknowledge the added value of ACP for people with dementia and especially their caregivers. However, they face several challenges for engaging in the process. Attending to specific needs in young-onset, in comparison to late-onset dementia, requires ACP to entail more than solely medical domains. However, a medicalized view on ACP still appears to be dominant in practice as opposed to its broader conceptualization in academia.

A288 PHYSICIAN PERSPECTIVES OF MALNUTRITION CARE IN NOVA SCOTIA: A MORE-2-EAT (M2E) NOVA SCOTIA PHASE 2 QUALITATIVE SUBSTUDY

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a clinical entity that is often underdiagnosed due to a lack of standard nutrition status screening during patient encounters, a lack of malnutrition education throughout medical training, inadequate resources to provide proper nutritional care, and differing perceptions regarding the importance of this condition. Amongst patients whose malnutrition is left untreated, approximately two thirds of them will experience further decline in their nutritional status. It is therefore important that the nutritional status of each patient be evaluated with every healthcare encounter where malnutrition may be relevant. Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess generalist and specialist physician perspectives on patient malnutrition care at various Nova Scotia healthcare sites. The aim is to better understand physician viewpoints and attitudes towards malnutrition and nutrition care, its role in their patient care, and what factors might facilitate or impede its effective use in clinical practice. Method Using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) approaches and ethics approval from the Nova Scotia Health Authority, individually recorded virtual interviews were conducted with physicians working in Nova Scotia. Standardized questions on malnutrition were asked to a target of 12-24 physicians Responses were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using NVivo software by a professional data analyst. Result(s) To date, ten interviews have been completed. Preliminary qualitative analysis indicates that while all physicians agreed that malnutrition is an important aspect of a patient’s care, its consistent screening and ongoing management is variable. Key Theoretical Domains identified were Knowledge, Skills, Social/Professional Role and Identity, Beliefs about Capabilities, Memory Attention and Decisions Processes, and Social Influences. Overall, most physicians had a knowledge deficit related to nutrition care and malnutrition, which led to uncertainty on how to screen or manage it. Standardized malnutrition screening tools were infrequently used. This responsibility was often deferred to the dietitian, thereby minimizing the role that physicians play or believe they have in its management. A lack of time during clinical encounters was also a key contributing factor. Conclusion(s) Strategies to optimize physician involvement in and awareness of nutrition care include increased education to train physicians to recognize and manage malnutrition in patients. The use of health system resources such as standardized malnutrition screening tools when malnutrition may be an issue can help with earlier identification and subsequent management. In addition, a team-based approach consisting of healthcare professionals with knowledge of malnutrition that actively involves the physician may be the most appropriate way for patient malnutrition to be effectively managed and provide education to both the physician and the patient. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest D. Veldhuijzen van Zanten Shareholder of: N/A, Consultant of: N/A, Employee of: N/A, Paid Instructor of: N/A, Speakers bureau of: N/A, L. Gramlich Grant / Research support from: Baxter, research funds, principal investigator; Nestle, education funds, chair; and Fresenius Kabi, research funds, principal investigator., Consultant of: Abbott, honorarium for consultant/advisory board, L. Cahill Grant / Research support from: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Research Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia Health Research Fund, Dalhousie University’s Internal Medicine Research Fund (UIMRF), Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, Queen Elizabeth II Foundation.

Medical decision-making in hospices from the viewpoint of physicians: results from two qualitative studies

BackgroundPhysicians who practice in a hospice are responsible for working with patients and nursing staff to develop a medication plan, monitor symptoms and pain, and adjust medication if necessary. In inpatient hospices in Germany, physicians are part of a multi-professional approach, but not part of the hospice team itself. However, there is no, or hardly any, literature on medical practice in a hospice setting. Therefore, we wanted to know how physicians reflect upon their role in hospice within a multi-professional setting, how they communicate with patients, relatives, nursing staff and other physicians, and what the limitations of these communication processes are.MethodsBy means of two qualitative studies we explored how physicians classify their activities as part of the hospice organization. The study design followed Grounded Theory procedures.ResultsThe physicians named an appropriate interpretation of the patient's wishes as the challenge of everyday practice which can lead to differences of perspective with those involved: with nursing staff, who would prefer an alternative form of medication, with relatives, who do not accept that the patient refuses nutrition, with other physicians, who have a different opinion about appropriate treatment. For physicians, this is all the more challenging as communication with the patient becomes increasingly uncertain due to the patient’s illness. Again and again, medical measures have to be negotiated on several levels.ConclusionMulti-professional organizations that have to deal with differences in perspective handle them by clearly distinguishing areas of responsibility, an aspect that physicians also claim for themselves. For physicians the question arises repeatedly whether they have correctly interpreted the wishes of the patient. They must continuously reassure themselves of the patient's wishes and this presents them with communication challenges not only with the patient, but also with the nursing staff and relatives and, more recently, with their colleagues.

Study of Obtaining Informed Consent in Pediatric Wards from the Viewpoint of Physicians and Children’s Parents

Background: Obtaining informed consent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is of great moral and legal importance, which is more important in the field of pediatrics due to its specific issues. Objectives: Obtaining informed consent in the pediatric field is specific because of many factors, including the age of the patients and the necessity of obtaining consent from parents or legal guardians. This study aimed to evaluate the process of obtaining informed consent from the viewpoint of substitute decision-makers (parents or guardians) and physicians. Attention to the differences between the views of these two groups by establishing appropriate and correct communication skills between them can lead to greater satisfaction and increased effectiveness of treatments. Methods: In this descriptive study, the data were collected through questionnaires completed by 188 parents and 23 physicians. Finally, the statistical analysis was conducted using the one-sample t test method in SPSS 16. Results: In 96.3% of the cases, parents believed that where the patient, their relatives, and the medical team disagreed about the kind of treatment, the final decision was made by the medical team. One-third of them did not receive enough information or received no information at all. Informing parents about other possible treatments, complications of the procedures, considering the patients and their relatives’ opinions for the final decision, informing the child about his/her disease and treatment plans, and informing the parents about the possible outcomes were not in the favorable range. Physicians believed that decision about the treatment was made based on the opinion of the parents and the clinical committee, and only in 3.4% of the cases, their opinion was the basis for decision-making. Conclusions: The results showed that there was a gap between the parents and physicians’ opinions about informed consent, as the physicians believed that they act as the patients’ parents wish and the parents believed that their opinion played no important role in the final decision regarding the health of their children. Thus, it seems necessary to institutionalize the culture of participatory decision-making by physicians and parents in decisions related to the diagnosis and treatment of children, and more emphasis should be placed on establishing the right relationship between treatment staff and patients and their relatives.

The Decline in Community Preceptor Teaching Activity: Exploring the Perspectives of Pediatricians Who No Longer Teach Medical Students.

Difficulty in recruiting and retaining community preceptors for medical student education has been described in the literature. Yet little, if any, information is known about community outpatient preceptors who have stopped or decreased teaching time with students. This study aimed to examine these preceptors' perspectives about this phenomenon. Using a phenomenology framework, this multi-institutional qualitative study used semistructured interviews with community pediatric preceptors who had stopped or reduced teaching time with medical students. Interviews were conducted between October 2017 and January 2018 and transcribed verbatim. Interviews explored factors for engaging in teaching, or decreasing or ceasing teaching, that would enable future teaching. An initial code book was developed and refined as data were analyzed to generate themes. Twenty-seven community pediatricians affiliated with 10 institutions participated. Thirty-seven codes resulted in 4 organizing themes: evolution of health care, personal barriers, educational system, and ideal situations to recruit and retain preceptors, each with subthemes. From the viewpoints of physicians who had decreased or stopped teaching students, this study more deeply explores previously described reasons contributing to the decline of community preceptors, adds newly described barriers, and offers strategies to help counter this phenomenon based on preceptors' perceptions. These findings appear to be manifestations of deeper issues including the professional identify of clinical educators. Understanding the barriers and strategies and how they relate to preceptors themselves should better inform education leaders to more effectively halt the decline of community precepting and enhance the clinical precepting environment for medical students.

TREATMENT OF VERRUCA VULGARIS IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE.

SUMMARYCommon warts (verrucae vulgares) are the most common complaint in routine dermatological practice. Warts can be painful on pressure and are often an aesthetic problem, but they are not a major threat to the person’s general health. Treatment options are symptomatic and do not eradicate the causative agent. Dermatological surgery procedures such as cryotherapy, electrocauterization and excochleation can be painful, with common recurrences. These are the most important reasons for revival of the treatment procedures and remedies based on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is still commonly practiced as a form of self-healing. This paper presents the most commonly used wart remedies of plant, animal and mineral origin, along with various magic practices. We emphasize that this paper is written from the viewpoint of physicians, practitioners of dermatology, not as a study in the history or culture. The main objective of the study was to explore various substances and methods people use as home remedies for warts. We performed a case study survey among the general population by interviewing 147 adult participants using a simple preliminary questionnaire inquiring about preferred treatment and knowledge about common warts.

Investigating the factors affecting participation in clinical decision-making from viewpoint of physicians and nurses of educational hospitals of Qazvin

Investigating the factors affecting participation in clinical decision-making from viewpoint of physicians and nurses of educational hospitals of Qazvin

A survey of perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding the antibiotic prescription among Iranian physicians

ABSTRACTBackground: Over-prescription and overuse of antibiotics are a major cause of concern in terms of healthcare and economic implications, as well as the emergence of microbial resistance worldwide. So far, efforts have been administered by many countries to regulate the consumption of antibiotics and overcome the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria. Assessment of the perspectives and behavior of physicians can play a major role in achieving this objective.Objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess the perspectives on the antibiotic prescription practice of physicians and evaluate their tendency to receive feedback on their performance in outpatient settings.Materials and methods: Attitudes and practices of 330 physicians on antibiotics prescription were evaluated using a validated questionnaire in 2014 in Mashhad, Iran.Results: 94% of physicians asserted that the prescription rate of antibiotics in Iran is higher than the global average. Physicians noted that “patients’ tendency to prescribe antibiotics“ is the primary reason of excessive prescription of antibiotics. Approximately, 84% of physicians were keen on receiving performance feedback. More than 71% of participants specified Short Message Service (SMS) notification as their preferred medium for receiving feedback.Conclusions: The dominant viewpoint of physicians was that the rate of antibiotics prescription in Iran is larger than the global average, which can lead to adverse economic and bacterial resistance consequences. Interventions such as ‘performance feedback’ have the potential to reduce antibiotics over-prescription.

PCV84 PHYSICIAN AND PATIENT PERCEPTIONS REGARDING CARE TRANSITIONS, ORAL ANTICOAGULANT TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

To better understand challenges pertaining to care transitions, oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment and management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) from the viewpoints of physicians and patients. Two surveys were conducted: one targeting 400 physicians who manage NVAF patients and the second targeting 400 NVAF patients. Physicians (cardiologists [C’s] and primary care physicians [P’s]) who treated NVAF patients were identified from medical claims in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database submitted between 3/1/14–3/31/16. Patients were identified from medical claims submitted between 4/1/15–3/31/16. Physician surveys assessed OAC treatment decision approaches and referral management strategies while patient surveys classified respondents according to self-reported OAC use and assessed perceptions around NVAF diagnosis, treatment and setting. Of 426 physicians (137 C’s; 289 P’s), 57% were in practice >20 years. C’s and P’s differed in OAC treatment philosophies and perceptions of management strategies: 84% C’s and 62% P’s assessed stroke risk prior to recommending OACs; 54% C’s reported co-managing patients with P’s vs 89% P’s reporting co-management with C’s. Of 398 NVAF patients, 25 never used OACs, 49 were prior only users and 324 were current users. Current OAC nonusers (never and prior usersn=74) differed from current users (n=324) in terms of AF diagnosis setting; 46% of current nonusers vs 31% of current users reported diagnosis in an emergency room. Among OAC never users, 40% reported treatment was never discussed. C‘s and P’s had perceived differences related to co-management of NVAF patients. High rates of NVAF diagnosis in acute care settings could result in gaps in transitions of care, particularly related communication about disease state and medication management. Further, the lack of discussions about NVAF treatments between physicians and patients may impact treatment initiation. Opportunities exist to target quality improvement interventions in NVAF patient co-management and transitions of care.

A Comparative Study among Three Hospitals in Taiwan by Safety Attitudes Questionnaire from Viewpoints of Physicians and Nurses

A Comparative Study among Three Hospitals in Taiwan by Safety Attitudes Questionnaire from Viewpoints of Physicians and Nurses

Strategies for Improving Physician-patient Relationship in China Assessing Patient Safety Culture from the Perceptions of Physicians

Creating a better patient safety culture in hospitals has become a critical topic for providing quality medical services globally. In 2014, there were 115 thousand cases of medical disputes in China. Understanding physicians’ perceptions toward patient safety is a critical issue for hospitals to monitor safety situations for patients. This study aims to identify physicians’ attitudes toward patient safety via the investigation of Sexton et al. (2006)’s Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), to provide implications for improving medical quality. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to demonstrate the relationships among six patient safety culture dimensions. Regression analysis was subsequently conducted to realize the degree of influence among important dimensions. Physicians was asked to answer the SAQ in a tertiary hospital in China in 2017. The results of Pearson correlation analysis demonstrate that safety climate had strong and positive relationship with working conditions and teamwork climate, respectively. Similarly, regression results illustrated that working conditions, teamwork climate, and teamwork climate had noteworthy effects on safety climate. The examination of patient safety culture from the viewpoints of physicians provides a basis for hospital managers to monitor the medical quality and service for patients. Hospital managers need to pay more efforts to the essentially important elements of patient safety, such as working conditions, teamwork climate, and job satisfaction, to continuously improve physician-patient relationship.Â

Differences in Patients and Physician Viewpoints of the Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Differences in Patients and Physician Viewpoints of the Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

A Comparative Study of a State-Owned and A Private Regional Hospitals in Taiwan by Safety Attitudes Questionnaire from Viewpoints of Physicians and Nurses

A Comparative Study of a State-Owned and A Private Regional Hospitals in Taiwan by Safety Attitudes Questionnaire from Viewpoints of Physicians and Nurses

Assessing the Trends of Patient Safety Culture from Viewpoints of Physicians and Nurses Based on Safety Attitudes Questionnaire of a State-Owned Regional Hospital in Taiwan

Assessing the Trends of Patient Safety Culture from Viewpoints of Physicians and Nurses Based on Safety Attitudes Questionnaire of a State-Owned Regional Hospital in Taiwan