Child's Point Of View Research Articles

Caregivers’ perspectives on disaster preparedness and evacuation plan for children relying on home ventilators or home oxygen

Children with medical complexity (CMC) and their caregivers are particularly vulnerable to the pernicious effects of disasters. This multicenter observational investigation in Ehime Prefecture, Japan, aimed to assess caregivers' perspectives on the disaster preparedness for children relying on home ventilators or home oxygen, determine their inclinations towards evacuation, and identify their concerns regarding a disaster. Caregivers of children receiving home care with a ventilator or oxygen therapy were recruited. Participants were administered multiple-choice questions and requested to provide free-text comments about their concerns. As a result, of 99 participants, 49.5 % (N = 49) reported being well-prepared for a disaster. While 27.3 % (N = 27) stated that they would evacuate, 25.2 % (N = 25) stated never evacuate. Caregivers for totally dependent children were more likely to decline evacuation. 68.7 % (N = 68) reported never having discussed with medical professionals about disaster preparedness. 44.4 % (N = 44) reported not having a backup power supply. 66.7 % (N = 66) expressed concerns about residing in an evacuation shelter. Other concerns included power outages, inadequate resources, and a lack of feasible evacuation options. In conclusion, Many caregivers perceive that they are insufficiently prepared for a disaster. Caregivers have a diverse range of concerns about disasters. Medical professionals and other stakeholders should recognize caregivers’ difficulties and promote communications about disaster preparedness.Practice Implications.Professionals engaged in the care of CMC should acknowledge unique needs of children and their caregivers, assure them of their right to survive during a disaster, and facilitate discussions about preparedness. The viewpoints of children and their caregivers should be taken into consideration when making decisions about policy and infrastructure adjustments.

I Am My Own Master: Dewey’s theory of pragmatism on Early Childhood Autonomy-Supporting Development

Based on Dewey’s pragmatic educational thought, this paper analyses the cultivation content and practical needs of autonomy support for early childhood development. Furthermore, it suggests ways to support children’s autonomy from three key perspectives: the viewpoints of children, interactions with children, and the utilisation of unstructured play materials.

How to use Zoom to collect data in mathematics educational research: A case study in assessing students’ online mathematics learning

During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers faced challenges conducting data collection. However, emerging communication technologies, such as web-conferencing platforms, provided an alternative mode of data collection. Among these platforms, Zoom stands out for its functional affordances and unique features that support data collection methods, including screen-capturing, digital photography, drawing, polling, and artifact-based interviews, which attempt to reveal a child's viewpoint and ability. In this article, we explore the feasibility of using Zoom to conduct educational research by investigating the mathematical learning experience among 26 primary 1 and 2 students in Hong Kong on two topics—understanding time and addition and subtraction. Five mathematics teachers were recruited to participate in 2-month online workshops with assessments among three groups of students to understand the suitability for data collection. Based on teachers’ observations and students’ responses, our findings suggest that Zoom is a viable and effective tool for qualitative data collection. It offers a cost-effective method for researchers and educators to examine students’ mathematical performance in an online environment. We also investigate students’ perceptions of online assessment strategies, perceived usefulness of various Zoom functions, and explore the benefits and challenges teachers and students perceived throughout mathematical education using Zoom. However, several technical difficulties were encountered, such as the digital literacy gap and privacy concerns. Therefore, improving students’ digital literacy for remote learning and triangulation is important for online mathematical data collection and assessments.

Nutritional Issues of School Children in S-City, Republic of Guatemala, from the Viewpoint of Children’s Physical Constitution and Strategies for Nutrition Improvement through School Lunch

Nutritional Issues of School Children in S-City, Republic of Guatemala, from the Viewpoint of Children’s Physical Constitution and Strategies for Nutrition Improvement through School Lunch

A New Perceived Restorativeness Scale for Children's Everyday Environment (PRS-ChEE): Evaluating the Restorative Potential of Orphanages' Outdoor Spaces from the Viewpoint of Children

Abstract: According to attention restoration theory (ART), the mental fatigue that results from the enhanced demands on directed attention imposed by an urban lifestyle can be restored by exposure to natural settings known as restorative environments. This opportunity becomes more important for children who spend a significant part of their life in institutions such as orphanages. Although the restorative qualities of a setting have a great impact on children's happiness and development, it has been uncommon to ask children to evaluate the restorative potential of their surroundings. We developed a valid and reliable "Perceived Restorativeness Scale for Children's Everyday Environment (PRS-ChEE)" based on ART and administered it to 118 children (7 to 17 years) at three orphanages in Iran. The results demonstrated that children scored different orphanages' outdoor spaces differently, due to varying degrees of size, naturalness, and play equipment, indicating the reliability of the scale.

A child‐centred asylum policy: Building on evidence and unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children's views

AbstractThe political sphere is typically reserved for adults in contemporary nation‐states, leaving limited opportunities for children's participation in democratic processes. This holds even more true for unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children who are politically unrepresented and often find themselves in a precarious position due to their immigrant status. The article aims to overcome this gap by presenting their experiences of Slovenian reception and asylum procedures as a framework for child‐informed policy. The child‐centred approach as presented in this paper starts from the principles of children's rights, particularly from the right to express views (Article 12 of the CRC) and the use of children's viewpoints as a way of interpreting how reception and asylum procedures should be. In this way, the paper highlights key factors that affect unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children's well‐being and participation rights, including being able to stay with family and friends, having adequate material conditions, having good relationships with institutional staff, having access to information and legal advice, having trained interviewers, translators and decision‐makers.

Drama to investigate social exclusion from the view-points of children in urban poverty

Drama to investigate social exclusion from the view-points of children in urban poverty

Parental consideration of children's experiences: A critical review of parenting constructs

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to bring together and highlight common conceptual elements and findings from constructs that involve parents' consideration of children's viewpoints and experiences: parental sensitivity, empathy, perspective taking, responsiveness, autonomy support, and scaffolding. Research on each of these constructs suggests that consideration in the parenting role is associated with better child development, learning, and well‐being. We examine definitions and measures of the constructs to address how parental consideration has been conceptualized. We also review positive child development indicators that have been associated with it, across various periods, contexts, and domains of development. By drawing attention to this common denominator and adopting an integrative perspective, we hope to contribute to future research and help transfer knowledge to parents about this key, facilitative parenting dimension.

'We can play tag with a stick'. Children's knowledge, experiences, feelings and creative thinking during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Using a relational approach, we draw on repeated interviews with a group of 30 diverse children from Ontario to share and reflect on their knowledge, experiences and feelings early in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Prioritising relational interdependence and relational agency, this paper illustrates our participants' embedded engagements with the pandemic and their contribution to the co‐production of knowledge. We emphasise their thoughtful responses to the pandemic; their creative, self‐reflexive strategies for managing a difficult time; and their advice to others. We thus prioritise children's viewpoints and emphasise their relational interconnections with others during a time that was marked by social isolation.

Practical Significance of the Abolition of the Parental Power of Child Punishment and Support for Positive Parenting from the Viewpoint of Children's Rights

Practical Significance of the Abolition of the Parental Power of Child Punishment and Support for Positive Parenting from the Viewpoint of Children's Rights

What we can do to ensuie that the GIGA School concept does not end up being a pipe dream.

One terminal per student and a high-speed, high-capacity communication network were established in 2018 under the GIGA school concept set forth by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Moreover, the situation in schools is now required to change at a dizzying pace, as the new coronavirus outbreak has pushed forward the target year from 2023. However, some schools and municipalities are having a tough time making the GIGA school concept a reality. In this issue, we would like to clarify the actual situation, consider the key points for success from the viewpoints of children, teachers, and administrators, and consider measures to promote the spread of the program.

SCHOOL CHILDREN IN E-CAMPUS - NEW INSIGHT

Introduction: The current pandemic has affected the education of children in an unprecedented way. Children are not able to go to school and in a short span of time schools have tried to come up with online teaching methods which have not been validated. This study was undertaken to assess children's viewpoint on this new mode of teaching. Aims: The primary objective of the present study was to assess the clarity, logical flow and effectiveness of online teaching learning in middle school and high school students. The secondary objective was to assess the student satisfaction after 6 months of online teaching. We also wanted to identify the mental health of students after e-learning. Methodology: After obtaining consent from parents and school principal, a questionnaire on new learning method and the ease of understanding was shared with students in google form.Their responses were assessed in various dimensions. Results: Students felt lonely and tired at the end of e-learning sessions. They felt that they are missing on co-curricular and extracurricular activities. There was difficulty in falling asleep and missing of peer groups. Conclusions: E –learning is the need of the hour. Despite user ease and accessibility, e–learning cannot completely replace in-campus learning. Multiple aspects of student mental health are being compromised in a pure e-learning school. Blended learning is a useful modality and its implications remain to be analyzed.

Reflection of Down Syndrome Children on Cartoons: Cases of ‘My Brother Ozi’ and ‘Punky’

<p style="text-align:justify">In several shows prepared for children and adults in the media, the representation of “individuals with special needs” can ensure that other members of the society empathize with disability and the characteristics of disabled people, and make it easier that prejudices are replaced by social acceptance through gaining information. Finding a place frequently used in children’s literature, children’s reality satisfies the curiosity and experience-gaining demands of children about the cases they encounter for the first time using various examples, and helps them internalize the information and experience they gain. Children’s shows and cartoons have an effective power in influencing the viewpoint of children as target group for disabled people within the framework of “children’s reality” by means of the representation of children with special needs who are socially disadvantaged. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and examine in terms of various factors the social representation style of main characters with Down Syndrome represented in “My Brother Ozi” and “Punky” cartoons broadcasted on local children television channels and internet sites where cartoons for children can be found. 51 episodes of both cartoons (26 and 25) were viewed in the framework of the study and findings were analyzed using “document analysis” method which is a qualitative research method.</p>

Narrative Child Protection in Hungary. The Importance of Knowing the History of the Families in Need in the Social Work with Children

Abstract The study is reflecting on the nature and features of social work with families with children, attempting to discuss social work as assistance and apprehension and to detect whether there is any causal link between the efficiency of social work and the narrative approach and the “unstoried”, “faceless” condition of the families. We argue that professional attitude aimed at providing child protection support is not possible without knowing the story of families with children. Without a helping attitude, no real social work is possible, and thus the client remains invisible and faceless in the process of child welfare or child protection interventions. Besides the actual situations of story-based intervention in social work (micro level), narrativity is also important for the transparent and adequate functioning of the system (mezzo level); moreover, it can become a factor of paradigm shift in social and political discourse on social work and its target groups (macro level). The study is based on the research entitled Child Protection Trends Supporting Children’s Well-Being carried out within the Research Scholarship granted by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2017–2020). The research focused on the family concept of child protection professionals and their views of the clients that can be deducted from this concept. The research also examines the notion and functions of the family from the viewpoint of children, young people and their parents as well as the professional attitudes and interventions determined by these perceptions. Research results show that due to the diversity and complexity of the problems of families in the purview of the child protection system one cannot reflect on professional solutions along types of problems. Successful functioning and efficient child protection rely rather on revealing individual and specific needs. All this indicates that child welfare and child protection work is possible only if built on personal stories.

Transnational narratives: father-child separation from the perspective of migrant men’s children in Ecuador

ABSTRACT Multiple studies have explored the impact of international migration on family members. Nonetheless, scant attention has been given to the experiences of children who stay in the home country. This paper addresses this gap in the transnational family life literature by exploring father-child separation from the viewpoints of children in the country of origin. This is key to understanding the implications that separation has on the family’s well-being, thus providing a broader assessment of the effects of international migration. Through a qualitative study based on interviews and field observations, we seek to obtain a wider vision of the context in which the transnational father-child relationship evolves and understand how the children’s perception of the separation varies according to it. We can accomplish this by choosing three locations that are home to pioneer migrants in Ecuador, which have the highest rates of international migration. Qualitative data was collected from migrant men’s children in Biblián, Sígsig, and Calderón. Most of the migrant fathers, except for one, were undocumented at the time of fieldwork. Overall, we argue that although transnational fatherhood and experiences should not be assumed to be fixed but influenced by context, father-child separation does have implications, particularly, for boys.

Fatigue in Children with Cancer: Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of Child, Parent, and Staff Fatigue Scale

Context:The fatigue is reported as the most common and annoying symptom in patients with cancer, timely diagnosis, and treatment can significantly influence the treatment and rehabilitation. It is crucial to have an appropriate tool to accurately assess fatigue status.Objectives:Our purpose was to assess psychometric properties of the Persian versions of fatigue scale by Original Scales from the viewpoint of children with cancer (Child Fatigue Scale [CFS]-24 h), their parents (Parent Fatigue Scale [PFS]-24 h), and staff (Staff Fatigue Scale FSF-24 h).Methods:Convenience sampling of the participants was conducted 100, including children with cancer within the age range of 7–12 years, their parents, and caregivers in medical staff. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Dimensionality was determined by factor analysis. The patients' fatigue was also assessed through visual analog scale-fatigue (VAS-F).Results:Test–retest (ICCCFS = 0.71, ICCPSF = 0.82, and ICCSFS = 0.78) was acceptable with a high level of internal consistency (αCFS = 0.80, αPFS = 0.83, and αSFS = 0.84). Factor analysis identified three, five, and two components for the CFS, PFS, and Staff Fatigue Scale (SFS), respectively. There was moderate correlation between CFS and VAS-F.Conclusions:Results of the current study indicated that CFS in children with cancer, PFS in their parents, and SFS in medical staff were valid and reliable instruments to assess fatigue from the viewpoint of children with cancer along with their parents and medical staff.

Research without prior consent in paediatric emergency and critical care medicine

Abstract Children and young peoples' healthcare should be evidence-based yet many treatments are unlicensed or prescribed off-label. Research is needed, but prospective informed consent for many emergency and critical care trials is neither feasible nor ethical – treatments are time critical, and delays for research discussions may cause harm. Research without prior consent (RWPC) is a practical approach which facilitates such research. Trial interventions are administered immediately to eligible patients, and consent for ongoing study involvement is sought after the emergency situation has passed. This has been permitted in the United Kingdom since an amendment to legislation in 2008, and subsequently employed by several trials. Studies demonstrate that most parents are supportive of this approach provided their child's safety is not compromised, and research discussions are appropriately timed. Practitioners with no experience of RWPC often initially report anxiety about taking this approach, but study experience and training helps change perspectives. Sadly, some children enrolled into such studies will die. Approaching bereaved families for consent requires a bespoke approach, conducted with care and sensitivity. Future research should explore the acceptability of higher risk trials, the viewpoints of children with first-hand experience of this method, and international perspectives.

子どもの人権と法に関する委員会活動報告 精神保健福祉法改正へ向けての提言：子どもの人権の視点から

子どもの人権と法に関する委員会活動報告 精神保健福祉法改正へ向けての提言：子どもの人権の視点から

아동인권 관점에서 본 6호처분(아동복지시설위탁처분)의 개선방안

아동인권 관점에서 본 6호처분(아동복지시설위탁처분)의 개선방안

A review of scales of perceived parenting style

Background: Research in the field of parenting has grown in the recent decade. Parenting style scales are used to measure the perception of parenting style either from the child's viewpoint or parent's viewpoint. The previous review of scales affirms the parenting style scales in the western context. The current review examines the scales available to measure the same from a young adult's perspective and throws light on the need to have a scale which can bring out cultural aspect. Methodology: Searches of PubMed, EBSCO, PROQUEST, and Google Scholar to identify scales that focus on the perception of parenting styles and find publications that assess their criterion-related validity. Results: Almost 10 numbers of instruments assessing parenting style among the young adults were located. Searches identified 10 scales and the publication that assesses the validity. The evident approach to item generation was available literature, focus group discussion, and interviews prominently on the foundation of Baumarind's theory of parenting style. Findings raise methodological concerns, which inform recommendation for future development. Conclusion: Scales perceiving parenting styles have been developed in the western context and validated for Indian context, hence there is a need for developing indigenous scales suiting our collectivistic culture.