Videotape Camera Research Articles

Digital Tools for Teaching English An Effective and Innovative Way

The digitization of education has been being over the last decade, specifically with the invention of the tablet computer and the wide vacuity of high- speed internet. These developments have made it possible for every pupil to have a digital device and access to an array of digital tools. Indeed, utmost language classrooms include an Internet- enabled computer and a projector. Language acquisition is a complex process that involves the development of various skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The advent of digital technology has transformed the educational paradigm. Digital tools offer a dynamic and interactive approach to language instruction, catering to the diverse needs of students in the 21st century. The benefits of digital tools in language teaching are evident, their effective integration into the curriculum requires careful planning and implementation. A number of online English tutoring platforms for managing and running classes, utmost virtual preceptors use videotape conferencing software to communicate and hold meetings with scholars. While teleconferencing programs vary in the features they have, they should at least enable one can use their videotape camera, partake screen, and converse with the scholars. They should also be stable, stoner-friendly, and suitable to accommodate groups. This paper explores the myriad of digital tools available for teaching English, focusing on their effectiveness and impact on language learning.

Application of Time and Motion for Performance Enhancement of Building Construction Industry

Construction industry is, as we all know growing at very fast rate to match the current and innovative requirements. Still there are so many reasons of delaying and cost overruns in construction industry. Out of which one of the main reason is Lean waste. These wastes are always hidden and we often neglect or do not give them importance for any analysis or scheduling work. To identify and to avoid those wastes, lean tools need to be implemented on such kind of projects. In this study lean tool in terms of Time and motion study is applied on plastering work of Three building construction sites of Surat, Gujarat, India (Site 1: Pratham, Site 2: IFM, Site 3: Celebration Home). Leant tool is applied on plastering work, which is divided in 3 Main activities, and those main 3 activities further divided in 9 different part. Time study is a direct and continuous observation of a task, using a timekeeping device (e.g., decimal minute stopwatch, computer-assisted electronic stopwatch, and videotape camera) to record the time taken to accomplish a task. Motion studies are performed to eliminate waste. Data was collected for sites during different time and of different types of labors. The analysis result show that some of the activities are having higher time than the average time that will force the task to overruns.

Video-tape observation of the crystal growth and morphology of colloidal single crystals

Crystal growth and morphology of colloidal crystals of silica spheres (81.2 nm in diameter) are observed directly on a video-tape camera. Crystal growth from the round-shaped, small single crystals to the angular-shaped ones is clear. It is observable that the single crystals are packed densely and separated from each other with the grain boundaries. The morphology of colloidal crystals is quite similar to that of typical crystals such as metals, proteins, and ice.

Construction Operations Simulation by Microcomputer

A system is described that combines: (1) Videotape data collection from field construction operations; (2) statistical reduction and analysis of data; and (3) computer-based simulation modeling. As implemented, a videotape camera taken into the field records data about the logical relationships between, and the cycle times of, the various elements in an operation. With the aid of a computer connected to a tape player, these data can be extracted from the tape and analyzed statistically to yield estimated values for the productivity of the system and its components. With the aid of a microcomputer, the user then can build a network-based simulation model which replicates the performance of the real-time system. Integration of simulation with powerful and economical video methods of data acquisition, linked to a computer for data extraction and statistical analysis, makes it economically feasible to collect real data with which to develop and run simulation models, even for complex operations of short duration.

Making faces: Age and emotion differences in the posing of emotional expressions.

Institute for the Study of Child Development University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Preschool children, 2 to 5 years of age, and adults posed the six facial expressions of happiness, surprise, anger, fear, sadness, and disgust before a videotape camera. Their poses were scored subse- quently using the MAX system. The number of poses that included all components of the target expression (complete expressions) as well as the frequency of those that included only some of the components of the target expressions (partial expressions) were analyzed. Results indicated that 2- year-olds as a group failed to pose any face. Three-year-olds were a transitional group, posing happi- ness and surprise expressions but none of the remaining faces to any degree. Four- and 5-year-olds were similar to one another and differed from adults only on surprise and anger expressions. Adults were able to pose both these expressions. No group, including adults, posed fear and disgust well. Posing of happiness showed no change after 3 years of age. Consistent differences between partial and complete poses were observed particularly for the negative expressions of sadness, fear, and disgust. Implications of these results for socialization theories of emotion are discussed. Most recent research efforts in the study of children's emo- tional development have either traced the developmental time- table of spontaneous facial expressions or documented the abil- ity of infants and children to discriminate and recognize facial expressions. In general, the underlying model of such research has been biological (Darwin, 1872; Ekman, Friesen, & Ells- worth, 1972; Emde, Gaensbauer, & Harmon, 1976; Izard, 1977; Tomkins, 1962, 1963). Consequently, research has fo- cused on the constant, universal, and holistic aspects of sponta- neous facial expression. However, the ability to voluntarily pose facial expressions is important to issues in the socialization of emotion; for example, the issues of when and how well children can modulate and con- trol their emotional expressions (Lewis & Michalson, 1983). Such ability seems to be a basic skill underlying more complex types of emotional management techniques, such as the mask- ing of facial expressions in order to conform to display rules or to practice deception (Ekman, 1985; Saarni, 1985). Develop- mental research on any aspect of expression management is scarce, but it seems likely that developmental differences exist even in the ability to pose faces. It has been shown that some expressions are easier to pose than others, even among adults (Thompson & Meltzer, 1964). Similar, and perhaps other, age- This research was supported by a W. T. Grant Foundation grant to Michael Lewis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Develop- ment Grant 17205 to Margaret Wolan Sullivan, and a Rutgers Medical School Summer Fellowship to Arthur Vasen. We wish to thank Norma Goetz for data collection and Despi Had- zimichalis for general assistance in preparation of the manuscript. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mi- chael Lewis, Institute for the Study of Child Development/Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Rutgers Medical School, Medical Education Building CN19, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903. 690 related differences may be observable in children. In this article we are concerned with the production of facial expression (hereinafter referred to as

RUNOFF PREDICTION USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY1

ABSTRACT: Percent imperviousness is an important parameter in modeling the urban rainfall‐runoff process and is usually determined using manual methods such as random sampling or conventional accounting methods. In this study two computerized methods are used for estimating the percent imperviousness of urban watersheds using high altitude remote sensing imagery. These methods include the Laser Image Processing Scanner and the Video‐Tape Camera system. Imperviousness is directly estimated in the former method while in the latter it is estimated as a function of the statistics of the responses on emulsions of the imagery. The percent imperviousness computed by utilizing remote sensing imagery was used with the conceptual models of rainfall‐runoff models. The models were applied to four urban watersheds and the runoff prediction results indicate that imperviousness determined by using remote sensing imagery was as accurate as that obtained by the manual methods, and that the use of remote sensing imagery requires significantly less time and money.

行為者および観察者の責任帰属と強制承諾状況における態度変容

When a discrepancy existed between an actor's and observers' attribution of responsibility for an action leading to aversive consequences, what would result? In the present study, the subjects were given occasion to make a high or low initial choice for arguing that toothbrushing was a dangerous, unhealthy habit. After delivering their speech before a videotape camera, they received feedback which informed that the observers unanimously perceived the subjects to make choice or no choice. Attitude change on toothbrushing and toothpastes was observed in the highinitial and observer-perceived choice condition. Change was observed only on toothpastes in the low-initial and observer-perceived choice condition. No attitude change occurred in the two other conditions where the observers perceived no choice. The results were more consistent with impression management theory than with cognitive dissonance theory. However, the results indicating some effects of the initial choice on attitude change suggested that impression management theory should also be revised.

Social facilitation during the initial stage of motor learning: a re-examination of Martens' audience study.

This study partially replicated Martens' (1969a) social-facilitation study of motor behavior. His very robust performance findings provided impressive confirmation for Zajonc's hypothesis, and his arousal findings have since been used as evidence for a nonlearned-drive basis for social facilitation. The present study also extended Martens' investigation by examining the separate and combined effects of an audience and videotape camera. The effects due to the presence of the audience and camera were not additive; instead, the audience detrimentally affected subjects' performance consistency and the camera resulted in more trials with errors greater than 30 msec after the performance criteria had been attained. Martens' most robust findings for constant error were not replicated, nor were some of his physiological arousal findings. His pattern of constant error results over all trials is atypical of known learning strategies that subjects use to reduce error over successive trials. Overall, audience effects accounted for only a very small portion of the variance.