Videographic Method Research Articles

A Decade of [in]Transition

“A Decade of [in]Transition: Reflecting on Past Challenges and Future Possibilities” describes the editorial experience of the award-winning, peer-reviewed journal [in]Transition on the occasion of its ten-year anniversary. After an introduction on the journal’s initial theoretical framing, the first part considers the production of new knowledge historically by engaging with select pieces published throughout the past decade while also reflecting on challenges the journal faced in the first decade of publication. It also considers early challenges faced by the editorial team such as the problem of establishing scholarly legitimacy for a new methodology and making the videographic method accessible to both junior and senior scholars. The second part considers the production of new knowledge via newer provocations, such as vidding, the embrace of YouTube, and other videographic modes that push against traditionally-defined boundaries of the “essayistic.” Our reflections occur on the eve of in[Transition] migrating—after a decade as a joint venture with MediaCommons—to the Open Library of Humanities (OLH), joining a roster of other open access scholarly journals.

An Appraisal of Age and Sex-related Changes in Selected Smile Parameters in North Indian Population

Objective To evaluate the changes in buccal corridor and smile index, with respect to age and gender, in a randomly selected sample of the North Indian population. Materials and Methods Perioral musculature of 195 subjects (divided into three age groups) was recorded using standardized videographic method. The frame representing subject’s “widest posed smile,” was selected and analyzed to evaluate selected smile parameters. Results Buccal corridor decreased significantly for overall as well as female sample population, whereas it was fairly unchanged for males. No significant variation was noted for smile index. Conclusions As a person ages, the smile gets narrower vertically as well as transversely, with the change being greater in the transverse dimension. Age-related changes must be considered for delivering long-lasting orthodontic results.

Modeling drivers’ dilemma at unsignalized T-intersections under mixed traffic conditions: A case study from India

Objective At unsignalized T-intersections, right turning drivers from major or minor roads have to accept or reject the available gap and cross the intersection. Poor judgment may arise risk of collision with the major road conflicting vehicles. Subject drivers intending to cross the intersection encounter wide range of gaps. Drivers accept large gaps and reject small gaps. However, drivers experience dilemma over a wide range of gaps. This study aims to examine dilemma experienced by the right turning drivers by modeling gap acceptance and rejection decisions for estimating dilemma zone boundaries on major road. Methods Videographic method was considered for collecting traffic movement data at unsignalized T-intersections. Traffic video data was collected at three specific unsignalized T-intersections with varying degree of channelization. After this, accepted and rejected gaps with different traffic characteristics of offending vehicles (subject drivers) and conflicting vehicles such as speed, distance, vehicle type, etc. for right turning movements were extracted from the video data to analyze gap acceptance and rejection decisions of the drivers and estimate dilemma zone boundaries. Results Gap decisions (acceptance or rejection) were modeled using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) as a function of conflicting vehicle type, speed, and distance from the intersection along with degree of channelization for major and minor roads. The results showed that gap rejection probability increased with increment in conflicting vehicle’s speed and decrement in conflicting vehicle’s distance from the intersection. Dilemma zone boundaries were obtained using developed GLM models by estimating the conflicting vehicle distance from the intersection for 90% and 10% gap rejection probabilities. Dilemma zone boundaries were observed to shift farther from the intersection with increase in vehicle speed and vehicle size. The analysis revealed that subject drivers experienced more dilemma while accepting a gap from major road as compared to minor road. Conclusions This study showed that channelization plays a major role in mitigating dilemma of the subject drivers. Overall, the study identified dilemma zone boundaries for unsignalized T-intersections which may assist the right turning subject drivers to cross the intersection safely.

Determination of Pedestrian LOS for Crosswalks at Intersections - A Case Study in Shivamogga City

The main objective of this research is to identify the variables that affect the level of service (Los) of pedestrians at intersections both (signalized and unsignalized) in shivamogga city. Based on the experiences of the pedestrians at the individual in intersections. A walker’s questionnaire survey was done to gather level of service of pedestrians in terms of protection, comfort, and convenience for every crossing at signalized & unsignalized intersections. Additionally, a video graphic method was employed to scan each crosswalk at the chosen three signalized and two unsignalized intersections. Pedestrian crossing time, pedestrian waiting time, pedestrian holding area, roadway width, and crosswalk surface condition were the key variables taken into account for the construction of the model. For each crossing, a considerable number of pedestrian ratings were collected, these ratings were used as the dependent variables in the analysis. In order to estimate the pedestrian level of service for each intersection's crosswalk, a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis utilizing SPSS software is used to construct a pedestrian Los model.

The Design of Traffic Signals at Intersection

The traffic volume at intersections has been arising a problem which leads to accidents, conflicts and congestions. An efficient traffic control at intersections helps in reduction of delays of all vehicles and the probability of crashes. The movement of vehicles efficiency is increased by providing traffic signals, roundabouts, channelized islands at an intersection. Signal timing is most important if we use traffic signals in which green time decides the efficiency of movement of vehicles along with pedestrian walk timing. At an intersection, traffic volume studies are done with the movement and classification of vehicles along with the geometric elements of the road. The video graphic method is used to collect the volume of vehicles for every 15- minutes interval and converted into PCU units. Webster’s and IRC code method are used for signal design. Saturation flow, lost times and passenger car units, width of the road are the significant parameters used to optimize the signal timing in planning, design and control of signalized intersection.

Travel Time and Congestion Assessment Along Ujala Circle S.G. Highway Ahmedabad

The approximately 25201084 (2018) vehicular citizenry in Ahmedabad city so it is very necessary to negotiate its movements and infirmity effects like as air and noise pollution & other environment effects, traffic congestion, time loss, and so on. S.G Highway has 44.5 km long stretch of Ahmedabad, an oldest and most substantial stretch which started from Ujala circle. For declamation the traffic congestion, classified volume count survey (by Video Graphic method), travel time and delay survey (by Moving Observer Method), and for speed-flow-density relationship Spot speed study at Ujala circle during Friday has been accomplished and analyzed. From the calculated data, graph of flow v/s density, speed v/s density and speed v/s flow relationship has been prosecute with the R2 value of each relationship. This analysis proved that current traffic situation at Ujala circle is highly congested, which leads to the higher travel time taken by vehicle compare to free flow condition. From all analyzed data, alternate invigorating measures are prospected. Based on those alternative invigorating measures best alternative is choose as well as bring off simulation and validation of Model in the VISSIM software, also design in AutoCAD for better illustration of issue.

Comparative analysis of saturation flow using various PCU estimation methods

The magnitude and nature of traffic flow in developing countries are difficult to evaluate due to its mix traffic conditions. In transportation network, intersection plays a vital role to increase the efficiency of the entire road network. Analysis of these nodal points (intersection) is required to evaluate the performance of the intersection through the assessment of operational parameters such as saturation flow and its level of service (LOS). However, the complexity of discharge flow in Indian scenario is mainly due to its mixed properties of traffic stream where both motorized and non-motorized vehicles are traveling in the same stretch without any lane discipline. Also, no single vehicle dominates the traffic stream consequently prediction of saturation flow is more sensitive to that mixed traffic. The passenger car unit is a common platform for the conversion of mixed traffic into a standard unit by taking passenger car as a conventional vehicle. The present study focuses towards the analysis saturation flow at signalized intersection using various PCU estimation methods under mixed traffic conditions. A detailed comparison of the saturation flow obtained by the each methodology with standard saturation flow value given in HCM (2010) is also presented. Traffic and vehicular data were collected from six signalized intersections from three Indian cities such as Delhi, Chandigarh and Allahabad using video graphic method. The prospective method resulted in a lower difference in saturation flow respect to HCM (2010) is proposed for non-lane based mixed traffic stream.

Analysis of Pedestrian Movements on Stairs at Metro Stations

Pedestrian flow characteristics while moving on stairs at metro stations in Delhi, India has been studied. Data are collected during morning and evening peak periods or periods having substantial flow, using video graphic method, at three Delhi Metro Rail stations. One of the metro rail stations is near City Inter-State Bus Terminal and other two are line interchanges. Variations in pedestrian speed and flow on stairs, with respect to various factors are analyzed. Mean speed of woman pedestrians’ is found relatively lower than speed of male pedestrians. The pedestrians carrying luggage negatively impacted the overall speed of the crowd. Friction caused by the opposing flow on the same stair flight caused a decrease in the speed of the pedestrians moving in normal direction. Segregated or defined bi-directional flows remained efficient. The pedestrian speed beyond 105 m/min is considered as the running speed. Pedestrians preferred to move on their left hand side. The speed and flow analysis presented in this study can contribute information for incorporation in pedestrian facility guidelines like IRC-103-2012 as used in India. The design criteria may be modified as per the needs of the pedestrians and to ensure an efficient management of pedestrian flows at level change facilities.

Modeling Free-flow Speeds on Undivided Roads in Mixed Traffic with Weak Lane Discipline

In developing countries like India, transportation systems are characterized by limited roadway infrastructure and lack of operation and management experience. Hence, there exists a need to evaluate a performance indicator that reflects the current level of service (LOS) of a road facility. Free-flow speed (FFS) is a key parameter used to express LOS assessment. The objective of this study is to develop FFS prediction models for undivided roads with mixed traffic conditions in both urban and rural settings in India. Traffic data were collected from two-way two-lane undivided roads in southern India during free-flow traffic conditions using videographic method. Various class-specific and site-specific characteristics, such as vehicle class, subclass, carriageway width, link length, number of side roads, lateral clearance, land use type, and area type, were investigated and their influence on FFS evaluated. Statistical tests assessed the variations of obtained FFS with different vehicle-specific and site-specific factors. Free-flow prediction models were developed using linear regression method. The developed models show that FFS increases with greater carriageway width, lateral clearance, and link length, and decreases with increase in number of side roads. In general, FFS is higher in rural areas than urban areas. Similarly, open areas have higher FFS than residential, institutional, and commercial areas. The model can be used to predict FFS of undivided roads if site-specific and vehicle-specific data are known. This study finds interesting applications in capacity and LOS analysis, accident analysis, and before-and-after studies of road improvement schemes.

The videographic approach in marketing research: Which methodological protocol?

This article proposes a protocol for the videographic method in marketing research. Its aim is to develop the toolbox available to researchers by outlining how academic videography can be used and by identifying the challenges and opportunities inherent in such an approach. Providing researchers with a concrete guide in this way is also a response to the calls for more widespread use of this method in the academic community. The article presents both the application and an evaluation of the videographic method through four successive phases: pre-production, production, post-production and dissemination. This protocol is based on an analysis of the origins of videographic research – primarily North American. This is complemented by an analysis of the corpus of French-language productions presented at national and international conferences, with the aim of providing a broad and non-ethnocentric vision so as to specify the methodological process and the various choices involved, thereby contributing to the development of creative and innovative studies.

Need for narrative

ABSTRACTWhat do consumers need from a narrative? How can videographers satisfy those needs? Through semi-structured interviews with 55 Eurostar passengers from 14 countries, this film documents how people define narratives, why they need them, and how they experience the effects of need for narrative. The adjoining commentary contributes to the development of videography as an attractive method by introducing the videographer’s perspective and elucidating key story elements that can help satisfy viewers’ needs for narrative. The suggested approach maintains the vivid quality of videography and respects its methodological rigour, while increasing its effectiveness in close alignment with a consumer society that visual communication increasingly permeates. As such, the commentary and the film jointly unveil videographers’ etic and viewers’ emic use and evaluation of the videographic method.

A modified approach for estimation of Passenger Car Units on intercity divided multilane highways

The accuracy of measured traffic flow on a roadway is highly depends on correctness of PCUs used for converting traffic volume. Field data for the present study was collected from the mid-block road sections of different divided multilane highways in India. Video graphic method was used for collecting the field data. PCUs are estimated from the available methods as given in the literature by using traffic flow data observed in the field. Present study describes a modified methodology for estimation of PCU value of subject vehicles that includes the time headway as influencing parameter. The approach used in the present study is inspired from the method of dynamic PCU estimation where a PCU is expressed as the ratio of speed ratio and area ratio of standard cars to the subject vehicle type. Unlike dynamic PCU method, this method includes time headway factor for PCU estimation. The method found more realistic and logical as it provides relatively higher values of PCUs than those obtained from dynamic PCU method. Simulation of traffic flow was also performed through microscopic simulation model VISSIM for generating congestion and for comparing estimated PCU values at the level of maximum traffic volume. The methodology adopted in this study will be extended for development of comprehensive PCU model by including more numbers of influencing factors under varying traffic and roadway conditions.

What’s in a thang? Dancing to brand image with Miley Cyrus’ multimodal dance spectacle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to scrutinize how Miley Cyrus’ brand values are projected through the multimodal semiotic structure of the live performance of the song Do my thang (from the Bangerz album (2013)).Design/methodology/approachSociosemiotic conceptual framework in conjunction with an interpretive videographic method of analysis, facilitated by the multimodal qualitative discourse analytic software ATLAS.ti.FindingsFour major territories were identified as regards the spectacle’s latent axiology, namely, freeplay, polymorphous sexuality, neo-burlesque, and hyperdifferentiation.Practical implicationsAttending to structural couplings between signs and modes in the context of bespoke artists’ brand languages constitutes a priority for managing an artist as brand, and, concomitantly, for safeguarding relevance for a fandom. A multimodal reading grid is offered to this end.Originality/valueFrom a branding point of view, this study constitutes the first one that theorizes the live show spectacle as the manifest discourse whereupon brand image and brand values are edified, with an emphasis on the dance mode, over and above the verbal/visual modes that dominate the advertising/branding literatures.

Interferometric investigation of methanol droplet combustion in varying oxygen environments under normal gravity

Non-intrusive diagnostics of droplet combustion using laser-based interferometric technique have been presented. The experiments have been conducted with methanol droplet as the model combusting material under normal gravity with oxygen-nitrogen mixtures at ambient pressure and temperature. The mixtures contained five different oxygen concentrations of 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25%. Projection data of the temperature field around the combusting droplet have been recorded using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the interferograms have been analyzed to retrieve the whole field flame temperature distribution around the combusting droplet. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) has been deduced based on real time interferometric images by varying the oxygen concentration levels. Results of the study showed an increase in the flame temperatures with increasing oxygen concentrations and an oxygen concentration level of 13% has been identified as the LOI for methanol droplet. The whole field temperature distribution has been used to calculate the radial temperature gradients between the flame and the droplet surface. These temperature gradients were seen to be a direct function of oxygen concentration. Based on the radial temperature gradients, instantaneous mass burning rates and burning rate constants were computed and a reasonably close agreement between the interferometric predictions and those based on the videographic method was observed. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, the present work is the first successful application of Mach Zehnder interferometry for investigating droplet combustion phenomena. In contrast to the conventional videography approach, the interferometric technique not merely acts as a visualization tool, but also provides quantitative information in the form of whole field temperature distribution, which plays an important role in the determination of mass burning rates and burning rate constants.

Utilization of teledentistry as a tool to screen for dental caries among 12-year-old school children in a rural region of India.

The study aims to assess the reliability of video-graphic method as a tool to screen the dental caries among 12-year-old school children in a rural region of India. A total of 139 school children participated in the study. Visual tactile examinations were conducted using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Simultaneously, standardized video recording of the oral cavity was performed. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated for video-graphic assessment of dental caries. Bland-Altman plot was used to assess agreement between the two methods of caries assessment. Likelihood ratio (LR) and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the predictive accuracy of the video-graphic method. Mean DMFT for the study population was 2.47 ± 2.01 and 2.46 ± 1.91 by visual tactile and video-graphic assessment (P = 0.76; > 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity values of 0.86 and 0.58 were established for video-graphic assessment. A fair degree of agreement was noted between the two methods with Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.56. LR for video-graphic assessment was 2.05. Bland-Altman plot confirmed the level of agreement between the two assessment methods. The area under curve was 0.69 (CI 0.57, 0.80, P = 0.001). Teledentistry examination is comparable to clinical examination when screening for dental caries among school children. This study provides evidence that teledentistry may be used as an alternative screening tool for assessment of dental caries and is viable for remote consultation and treatment planning. Teledentistry offers to change the dynamics of dental care delivery and may effectively bridge the rural-urban oral health divide.

What's in a Thang? On Miley Cyrus's Dance Spectacle as Multimodal Semiotic Structure and Latent Brand Axiology

Dance as art form, spectacle, but also as an integral component of recording artists’ multimodal promotional discourse has been undertheorized in marketing research. This paper scrutinizes how Miley Cyrus’s brand values are projected through the multimodal semiotic structure of the live performance of the song “I will do my thang” (from the Bangerz album [2013]). By adopting a sociosemiotic conceptual framework in conjunction with an interpretive videographic method of analysis, facilitated by the multimodal qualitative discourse analytic software Atlas.ti, this research unearths a multiplicity of brand values that are enscripted in various modes (other than the verbal and sonic ones that are defining of the recorded song), in the interaction among modes, but also in the interaction between multimodal resources as semiotic inventory and the distinctive modes wherein they are inscribed. It is argued that a latent axiology is enscripted in Cyrus’s spectacle as ‘script within script’. This axiology is conveyed largely through the visual/kinetic components of the adopted choreographic patterns. Furthermore, it is shown how Cyrus construes an imaginary brand space of hyperdifferentiation, narcissistic play and polymorphous sexuality that she and her dancing crew project onto an evoked audience, while inviting multiple interpretations as to what exactly is a ‘thang’.

Smile analysis: A comparison between photographic and videographic methods

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the differences between the spontaneous smile captured by conventional photography and the video clip method. Methods: A digital video camera was used to capture smiles in 100 subjects using the static and videographic methods. Results: Measurements of the anterior and posterior height of the smile, interlabial gap, lower incisal display and eye wink on photographs obtained by the two methods showed considerable differences. Except for the anterior and posterior height of the smile in girls, these differences were statistically significant ( P Conclusions: In orthodontic treatment planning, certain treatment modalities (in particular intrusion and expansion) are based on an analysis of the full spontaneous smile. Since the videographic method is better able to capture this smile, it may be a preferred method of obtaining pretreatment facial photographs.

Need for Narrative

What is a useful story from the perspective of readers? Through semi-structured interviews with 55 Eurostar passengers from 14 countries, this film documents how people define stories, why they need narratives, and how they experience the effects of need for narrative. The adjoining commentary contributes to the development of videography as an attractive method stemming from both its intrinsic qualities and its special fit with a (consumer) society that visual communication increasingly permeates. The suggested approach maintains the vivid quality of videography, while granting closer adherence to academic standards in terms of methodological rigor and ethics. As such, the commentary does not undermine the film; rather, both jointly strengthen videographers’ and (re)viewers’ informed use and careful evaluation of the videographic method.

A novel videographic method for quantitatively tracking vibrissal motor recovery following facial nerve injuries in rats

BackgroundPrevious studies of vibrissal movements employ either optoelectronic recording techniques in the head fixed rodent, or videographic recordings in freely moving animals. However, both approaches have shortcomings for quantitatively tracking the process of vibrissal motor recovery. New methodA critical feature of our videographic method is to measure tagged vibrissae movements while leaving all others intact in body restrained rats without head fixation. Thirty two adult rats underwent facial nerve manipulation and testing. All animals underwent baseline preoperative whisking testing. In the experimental groups, the right facial nerve was either crushed, or transected and sutured. In the control groups, the left facial nerve underwent either sham surgery, or transection denervation. Whisking function was measured for the ensuing 2 to 12 weeks. Data were analyzed for whisking recovery. ResultsBaseline preoperative whisking testing showed that majority of free whisking on the both sides is synchronous and symmetric, which allows us to compare vibrissal motor data between intact and manipulated side after facial nerve injury. As expected, the recovery of whisking function following crush is better and earlier than that with transection and suture. Comparison with existing method(s)To our knowledge, this novel videographic method is a significant simplification over currently employed optoelectronic recording techniques and videographic methods. ConclusionsOur novel videographic method may be a powerful tool to investigate motor recovery from facial nerve manipulation in the rat model.

Improved Kinematics for Upper Limbs Prostheses

Gripping an object remains the main weakness of most modern prostheses even though they offer a greater degree of freedom than ever before. By examining the kinematics of gripping on healthy limbs and comparing them with the prostheses kinematics we can determine the restrictions of the prosthesis and propose solutions to eliminate them. The aim of the study was to find the differences in grasping an object between a healthy hand and with prosthesis. Creating a virtual model of the prosthesis and healthy hand allowed for the identification of limitations in the function of the prosthesis. Using the videographic method the difference in kinematics during the grasping motion of two different objects was investigated. Based on different trajectories, two model variants are constructed in the ADAMS/View software. A control strategy system in the program ADAMS is proposed to correct the kinematic limitations of the prosthesis and mimic the kinematics of a healthy hand. By improving the prosthesis kinematics, its function can more closely imitate a healthy human limb.