Video Tape Research Articles

Near future practices of interaction analysis: technology-mediated trends in educational research

ABSTRACT Methodological advancements for the study of learning processes are both shaped by and drivers of technology developments. Interaction Analysis (IA), as a core methodological approach over the past three decades is reflective of this relationship and can be understood by examining moves from analogue video tapes, to digital media, computational and algorithmic technologies, and through recent advances in sensory data and perceptual recordings. It is vital though, that we reflect on the epistemological and ontological implications of these changes as the relationship between researcher, technology, and learning event is changing. In this paper, we identify two techno-methodological trends in education research: computational and immersive approaches, and we discuss what they mean for IA. Computational approaches draw on algorithmic and computational support to identify, capture, and render patterns of learner behaviour found in a variety of interactional data. Immersive approaches on the other hand, invite researchers directly into learning events through technologies like 360° video and virtual reality (360VR). We identify and discuss six implications for these trends and suggest more broadly that researchers should embrace a reflective and entangled relationship between method and technology in their educational research.

Instant TV. The Forgotten History of Video Tape Recording (and the Coverage of the Eichmann Trial)

This article adopts a media archaeological approach to the Eichmann trial (1961) to explore the technology and media constellations that enabled its global television coverage. Drawing on extensive archival research, it offers insights into the technological setup and institutional cooperation crucial for the broadcast. In this context, video tape recording played a pivotal role, facilitating instantaneous reporting from around the world. Informed by actor-network theory, the article highlights the interplay of different (non)human actors who were interested and enrolled in a short-lived actor-network that soon became obsolete with the advent of communication satellites. Through recounting the story of the trial coverage, it not only recalls the forgotten use of a technology but also sheds light on emerging television formats and infrastructures that persisted far beyond the brief prominence of Instant TV.

Maximum in-vivo joint contact forces double during active compared to assisted motion in the glenohumeral joint and decline long-term due to rotator cuff pathologies.

Rehabilitation programs advocate early passive and assisted motion after rotator cuff repair to induce healing und maintaining range of motion while avoiding excessive strain on the repaired tendons. In-vivo glenohumeral joint contact forces reflect the compressive forces generated by the rotator muscles. In the present study, maximum in-vivo joint contact forces (FresMax) were determined to compare active and assisted execution of a single movement and the long-term development of joint compression forces. FresMax were measured in six patients who received instrumented, telemetric modified anatomical hemi endoprostheses of the shoulder joint between 2006 and 2008. Data were gathered 23months postoperatively (2006-2010), were analysed and compared with measurements 133months postoperatively. Additional imaging was obtained as x-rays and ultrasound examination. Data analysis was conducted by synchronizing video tapes and measured force curves. New imaging showed a rupture of the M. supraspinatus and progressive joint degeneration. FresMax nearly doubled during active compared to assisted execution of each of the four chosen movements. Over the course of 133months post-surgery, the studied movements showed a decrease of active compression force, probably due to a ruptured supraspinatus, resulting in a lower active/assisted ratio. A long term follow up after eleven years, eight out of ten measured movements showed a decrease of FresMax. These results support current rehabilitation protocols recommending early passive and assisted motion to limit activation of the rotator muscles generating compressive forces. Following degeneration of the rotator cuff, active joint contact forces decrease over time.Level of evidence: III.

An Analysis of Code-Mixing Used by the English Teachers

The type of insertion code-mixing was the most dominant type used by students in communicating. This study aimed to analysing the types of code-mixing and the teachers’ reasons of code-switching used by the English teachers in teaching English. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study are two English teachers who taught English subject. The teachers who teach in 10th and 11th grades of language major. The data were collected using two methods, such as observation and interview. The instruments used are video recorder, tape recorder, observations sheets, and interview guide. Researcher analyze the data, data collected will be transcribed into written form to facilitate classification. The transcribed data in script form will be analysing using Hoffman’s theory. The results showed that there are three types of code-mixing used by the English teachers. There are intra sentential code-mixing (62.1%), intra lexical code-mixing (18.7%), and involving a change in pronounciation (19.2%). Moreover there are total 198 utterances, which is of 49 utterances used because the students’ English ability are low, 33 utterances used to diagnosing students, 29 utterances used to get closer to the students, 16 utterances used to making a joke, and 71 utterances used because the habit factor.

EXPLORING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY

This case study explores the relationship between an Italian as a foreign language teacher’s beliefs and online teaching practices in a tertiary education setting during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Specifically, it aims to find out the teachers’ beliefs with regard to their professional identities, and their roles in foreign language teaching classrooms. Besides, it was discussed if the teachers’ beliefs concerning their role identities are related to their classroom practices. Data were collected over an academic term through one semi-structured interview and two observations conducted at beginning and at the end of the semester in order to see if there are any differences according to the professional roles of the instructor in the course of time depending on the learners’ enhanced Italian language competence. The findings of the study revealed that the instructor acted out as a manager, facilitator, input provider, motivator and a translator in two observations, showing a slight difference in degree of synchronous interaction among the instructor and the students with the printed text, video tape or Web site. The interview responses revealing the instructor’s beliefs were correlated with the roles observed in synchronous communication. This study is limited to the online foreign language classroom. It would be interesting to observe what other roles the teachers play in the face-to-face classroom. It may be suggested that the studies investigating those of teachers instructing foreign languages other than English may enlighten the research on teachers’ beliefs and their professional role identities and contribute to the professional development of foreign language teachers. Last but not least, for professional growth of pre-service foreign language teachers, preliminary studies on teacher cognition should be included in the curriculum of teaching practicum.

Pelaksanaan Sistem Simpada dan Sipakbumibana dalam Pembayaran Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di BPKPD Kota Pariaman

The Pariaman City Government decided to apply technology in public services to improve efficiency and quality of service to the community. This is done to meet society's increasing demands for fast, effective and efficient services. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The qualitative descriptive approach is a research approach where the data collected is in the form of words, images and not numbers. This data can be obtained from interviews, field notes, photos, video tapes, personal documentation, notes or memos, and other documents. The aim of public services is to provide fair, equitable, timely, effective, efficient and transparent services to the community. Regional financial management involves several stages, such as planning, budgeting, implementation, accountability and supervision of regional finances. In regional financial management, there are several applications and systems used. For example, SISMIOP and Sipakbumibana are used to manage Land and Building Tax (PBB), SIMBPHTB are used to manage Land and Building Rights Acquisition Fees (BPHTB), and SIMPADA is used to manage regional income. There are three important elements in regional financial management, namely BAPPEDA, BPKPD, and DISPECTORATE, each of which has its own responsibilities. several regulations governing regional financial management, such as PP 12 of 2019, Permendagri 70 of 2020, and Law 1 of 2022.

Some implication of FAIR principles on Tales in ethnological and anthropological qualitative research

Open science, accessibility and knowledge sharing, especially of articles and monographs resulting from publicly funded research, seem to be a positive direction in the development of science and have received almost unanimous approval from the scientific community. However, when it comes to data sharing, voices are not in unison. Concerning natural sciences, the data collected could become completely anonymised, while the anonymisation of data in Social Science and Humanities, e.g. ethnology and anthropology, could still result in recognisability of interlocutors. Anthropologists and ethnologists have been using qualitative methodological tools since the inception of the discipline, documenting their research and data collected (audio tapes, transcripts, diaries, drawings, video tapes). However the data collected were never kept in an open-source archive. On the other hand, historians “discovered” classical anthropological methodology, interviewing people of interest (recording in-depths interviews and transcribing) and applied it to, at least for them, a new type of source - people that witnessed some important (or even not so important) historical events (Dunaway and Baum 1984). They moved a step further because, unlike anthropologists, they wanted to make this source (in the shape of an edited transcript and audio file) accessible to other researchers. They have set up Oral history and Oral history archives that have now been in existence for more than half a century (Starr 1996 (1984): 40) and have started contributing to current goals of open science quite early.A standard procedure in conducting an in-depth interview (as the most common qualitative methodological tool for anthropology (today mostly anthropology by appointment (Hannerz 2006)) is providing enough information for the interlocutor in order to sign an informed consent. Apart from describing the research, the informed consent sheet has to contain data explaining the procedure of keeping and managing the data, as well as mentioning the media in which the data will be presented (articles, exhibitions, documentaries, etc.).Anonymity is always one of the possibilities informed consent offers, and while most interlocutors opt for it, not all do. Occasionally, the interlocutor insists on periodically switching off the recorder by the researcher, usually when something delicate is being recollected. Interlocutors are aware that their voices can be recognized and try to make sure that this does not happen. Also, quite often, after the interview ends, the researcher can hear the information that was not meant to be recorded. Although there are ways to anonymise the data (as explained in Celjak, et al. 2020), interlocutors coming from smaller communities or groups can be recognized from the parts of the transcript that have not been removed (to secure anonymity) or by voice. Also, the obligation of the researcher to describe the ways in which the data will be managed in the future will inevitably impact the narratives collected. Anthropologists have already noticed the difference between “order imagined” and the “order realized” (e.g., the ideal wedding vs. actual wedding traditions). One must consider that the possibility to share, for example, their wedding story with future researchers (whoever they may be), might, for some, result in the creation of a narrative with future researchers in mind - a sort of ‘FAIRy Tale’ for the future. After all, imagine yourself recollecting your own wedding to a researcher, but also knowing that it will become a story for the archive or repository? What kind of story would you tell?And what if we are researching certain delicate topics, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiences or the experience of individuals working stigmatized jobs? Having all that in mind I argue for a more vigilant approach of agencies funding research when embracing the idea that all data should be available. Not all data should be made available because this could, in the end, compromise the integrity of the research process. Some data must remain in the space of trust created between main actors in the research process.

Viewing place: Australian queer screen audiences born in the 1970s and 1980s

This article investigates how viewers born in the 1970s and 1980s recall Australian film and television LGBTQ+ themes, characters and narratives they viewed while they were growing up. Aspects of place and space were centred in these accounts, from memories of watching a shared television in the domestic family setting to the physical artefact of the video tape. Participants emphasised the theme of mobility toward the city and a rural/urban distinction in the film and television they discussed, and the role of city contexts in providing better access to screen media that represented LGBTQ+ lives – for example, through access to independent cinemas. These memorial accounts were considered formative and often provided the framework by which participants perceive and navigate everyday life as members of minority communities. At the same time, these place-bound accounts of encounters with LGBTQ+ screen texts expressed a complex attachment to domestic spaces, tangible objects and narratives of mobility.

Digitising images from the first tests of HDTV in Europe: The 1992 Summer Olympic Games

This paper discusses the digitisation project launched by the International Olympic Committee’s Audiovisual Heritage team, with technical support from the French Institut National de l’Audiovisuel (INA), to digitally preserve a rare-format collection of tapes produced during the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games. What makes this collection unique is the fact that the D1 tapes are recorded in 1250/50 HDTV standard, the first analogue high-definition television standard developed in Europe, but one that was never formally adopted at European level. This rendered the task of digitising the collection almost impossible, given the lack of video tape recorders for such a format and, in particular, the lack of technicians with the required know-how. Before exploring the technical details of the digitisation process, the paper briefly presents the origin of the recordings, outlines the chronology of the 1250/50 HDTV standard’s development and explains how the Olympic Games were chosen as one of the testing grounds for this new technology. The paper then provides a technical description of the design, implementation and effectiveness of the workflow developed by the INA to digitise these legacy carriers, using obsolete recorders in conjunction with modern tools to reconstruct the experimental high-definition system.

Tracing the rise of video halls and transient media forms in Bengal: an archaeology of the non-archived

ABSTRACT The lack of archival materials and objects appears as a primary challenge in conducting research on the history of media and communications in India, specifically while writing a comprehensive historical account of Bengali cinema. This paper will try to look at video halls and video tapes as the transient media spaces and objects. In the case of West Bengal, video tapes and video halls are an important part of media history about which little has been written or researched. This paper will try to look into the process of writing media history of scarcely archived media forms following the method of media archaeology and question how the method becomes important in cases of absence of archival materials. This paper will also try to enquire how media ethnography unfolds a different narrative of media history which is otherwise absent in the material archives or institutional records. Using the theoretical framework of the study of archives, this paper tries to explore new archives which present a different history of intermedia transactions in the history of Bengali cinema.

Mould on Magnetic Media: What Are the Current Preservation Practices by Audiovisual Conservation Practitioners?

ABSTRACT Magnetic audiovisual (AV) media makes up a significant part of cultural heritage. It contains elements such as sounds, images, and other data for future access. Mould growth can impact magnetic media deterioration. Over time, mould impedes element retrieval and can even cause its total loss, resulting in the loss of our cultural heritage. Therefore, proper maintenance of magnetic media is required to ensure data retention. This paper presents the findings of an international online survey to better understand current knowledge surrounding mould-affected magnetic media. Information on magnetic media is limited, resulting in the question: what are the current experiences and practices surrounding mould on magnetic media in the cultural heritage sector? The aim of the project was to seek audiovisual conservators and film practitioners’ opinions about magnetic media (full coat magnetic film, magnetic audio, and video tapes), conservation processes, and their experience with mould. An on-line survey using Qualtrics software was employed. The survey indicated that mould is present in magnetic media collections regardless of substrate but may be limited to less than a quarter of magnetic media with various dual mechanical–chemical treatments used to combat mould growth. Mould continues to impact element retrieval and thus mould treatment is an important factor in deterioration prevention to ensure data retention.

Addressing the baby and atypical maternal behaviour in psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy

ABSTRACT This paper aims to further our understanding of the process of therapy in psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy (PPIP). Using a single-case study methodology, it examines the emergence of atypical maternal behaviours in the sessions and considers direct therapeutic work with the baby. The research material for this study consists of video tapes and verbatim transcripts of two sessions from different time points in one good outcome PPIP treatment. The Atypical Maternal Behaviour Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) coding system is used as a basis for identifying atypical maternal behaviours, as they manifest in the sessions. In addition, the therapist’s intervention in moments of interactive disruption are analysed discursively, with a focus on the utterances that directly address the infant. Findings suggest that the mother exhibited a high frequency of disruptive behaviours, as coded in the AMBIANCE, in the beginning of therapy. These decreased considerably by the end of treatment. In addition, the therapist was seen to respond consistently and flexibly to maternal disruptive behaviours, employing different interventions. Furthermore, the therapist talked directly to the baby for a significant amount of the session time, especially early on in treatment, addressing several different issues. Disrupted maternal behaviours can be discerned and systematically observed in PPIP sessions; these may be addressed in psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy through the therapist’s verbal and nonverbal interactions with the mother and baby. Using different coding systems to examine patterns of interaction in detail, it is possible to gain insight into the therapeutic process, furthering our understanding of change mechanisms in psychoanalytic work with infants and their parents.

ХИМИЯ САБАҚТАРЫНДА ПӘНАРАЛЫҚ БАЙЛАНЫСТАРДЫ ПАЙДАЛАНУ ӘДІСТЕРІ

In modern advanced age of science and technology, the effective use of new technology methods in order to deepen students' knowledge, develop scientifically, develop skills to work independently, develop thinking ability, improve speaking skills, search for and use information tools on their own. Integrated learning technology is one of the actual issues. New curricula and new methods of integrated teaching of subjects appeared. And the updating of the educational content requires the use of different types of organization of training, as well as the use of integrated teaching lessons of various subjects. Active use of new CLIL technology in education is very effective. In order to determine the effectiveness of the integrated technology, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, and the subject and language knowledge of the students was determined. That is, the student learns the subject along with the language. Students' knowledge develops well during integrated teaching of general chemistry in English. Students' chemical vocabulary in English will be expanded. In order for the student to easily express his thoughts orally in English in the chemistry class, good results are achieved if audio and video tapes related to the subject are used a lot in English. The importance of teaching using CLIL technology is that it helps students learn English, acquire chemical knowledge, and increase their interest in the lesson.

Use of Video Tools in the Educational Process and Consulting

This is already for a while that the frontal lectures, workshops and laboratory sessions in distant learning are conducted via the Internet in a real time mode. However, educational video films, video trainings and video tapes are relatively new forms of teaching, which have a potential of becoming indispensable tools, but they have not yet being properly established in the higher education system. As for the educational video film or the video tape, with the recording of the business game, they have huge value. First of all, these are the features that characterize an educational video generally: technical-informational, communication-social and aesthetic. A video film reflects documentary and research materials obtained through filming, photography and video recording. Certainly, this broadens teaching tools, since there is a visual demonstration of a real object, a system, which informs students about the problems in the system, the organization of the production proccess and the use of new equipment and technology, contributing not only to the transfer of knowledge, but also to the development of the habits of comprehending and evaluating the problem. Keywords: frontal video lecture, videoconference technology, video films, video training, video tapes.

Exploring Unknown Predictors of Maternal Anemia Among Tribal Lactating Mothers, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Prospective Cohort Study.

IntroductionAnemia is a serious public health issue in India, especially among women, adolescent girls, and young children. Tribal people reside mostly in remote underserved regions with little or no basic civic amenities which makes them a highly vulnerable group of Indians. The study aimed to identify unknown risk factors for anemia among tribal lactating mothers.MethodologyIt was a mixed method prospective cohort study for 10 months carried out among 340 scheduled tribes (ST) mothers in 10 clusters in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Data collection using a questionnaire, 24 hours dietary recall, anthropometric measurement, and hemoglobin estimation was done. Weekly local recipe talk in the mother’s kitchen, informal group discussions, was conducted for 12 weeks after baseline data collection. The audio and video tapes of the weekly local recipe talk in the mothers kitchen were transcribed verbatim and then translated into English. The individual responses were grouped as barriers related to acceptability, availability, accessibility, use and utilization, appropriateness, and nutrition environment.ResultsA total of 340 mothers were enrolled initially of which 315 mothers were studied in an end-line survey with an attrition rate of 7.3%. Over 80% mothers belonged to Yerukula, Yenadis, Lambadi/Sugali tribes, respectively. A total of 345 weekly local mother kitchen recipe talks were conducted in 10 clusters. In the present study, only few mothers mentioned food accessibility and availability issues. Surprisingly, lack of skill to cook the commonly consumed local food item among Indian mothers were recorded. Lack of time for cooking, lack of knowledge of nutritious benefits of food, and use of ready to eat food were other important key findings.ConclusionThe study documents initiation of transition of the tribal lactating mothers towards urbanization. The lack of knowledge of cooking, coupled with lifestyles of urban areas exposes the early aged, poor, low literate mothers to the trap of anemia.

The Compressive Strength of Adobe Block Masonry Walls

Masonry is a composite material that is fabricated using natural and/ or artificial units that are joined together with mortar. The natural units include stone amongst others, while the artificial includes bricks and blocks that could be made out of concrete or fired clay products as well as adobe (stabilised or unsterilized). The wide spectrum of the units used in masonry wall fabrication demands that appropriate tests should be conducted to determine their compressive strength and by extension the effectiveness of the wall masonry in performing its inherent architectural design functions of the building such as environmental protection of its inhabitants. An experiment was conducted (i) to determine the structural suitability of stabilised adobe block masonry under uniform and concentrated loading and (ii) to determine adobe block masonry design guidelines. All block units for the test masonry were fabricated using the appropriate Portland cement: sand mix of 1: 11 identified using mix trials for the adobe block categories that were greater than 11.1 N/mm2. The concrete mix was prepared using a concrete mixer and moulded. Moulding was conducted using modified standard 6-inch adobe block mould that led to a 300 mm x 150 mm x 100 mm block. The blocks were cured for seven days under polythene sheets. There were two sets of masonry tests running in parallel; (1) the compressive strengths of the simulated stabilised adobe block masonry under uniformly distributed loads (prism tests) with three different mortar regimes; weak (1:8), medium (1:5) and strongest (1:3) and (2) masonry characteristic compressive strengths under concentrated loads (wall tests) using only the medium mortar mix (1:5). Prism specimens (300 mm x 150 mm x 460 mm) and wall specimen (920 mm x 150 mm x 460 mm) had three replications and cured under laboratory ambient environment conditions for 28 days prior to testing. Test specimens were subjected to compression under uniaxial uniformly distributed loads applied vertically and continuously at a rate of 1 N/mm2/minute to failure. There were 3 wall tests running parallel for each of the 4 block Portland cement proportions at the 1:5 mortar mixes. Data were analysed using MS Excel featuring descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals (95%) using the Student t-test were used to compare variations between and within specimens. Vertical deformations and time to failure were analysed using video tapes through Daub 2.0, video editing free download software. The results indicated that with the prism tests the increase in Portland cement masonry block proportion from 5% - 15% (3.0 N/mm2 - 15.4 N/mm2) significantly increased the masonry characteristic compressive strength at all mortar compressive strengths. However, the masonry characteristic compressive strengths were significantly less than that of the corresponding block. This trend was similar to the wall tests. At high block and low mortar compressive strengths, prism failure was initially by vertical tensile cracking through the mortar followed by the block, whereas at high masonry block and mortar strengths, failure was sudden and typically manifested by initial vertical tensile cracking and eventually side splitting of the block and mortar.Wall failure at low concentrated loads, was initially manifested by vertical cracks along the joint directly below the load point, and at its edges on both sides of the wall. The proposed design guidelines for stabilised adobe block masonry included mortar designations (a), (b) and (c) with masonry mortar proportions by volume (cement: sand) of 1:3, 1:5, and 1:8, respectively, under uniform and concentrated loads were proposed for use in adobe block masonry for agricultural structures.

Prosedur Serah Terima Tugas Sebelum Crew Melaksanakan Dinas Jaga Di Kapal KM. Sabuk Nusantara

The role of sea transportation is one of the important modes of transportation. Especially the export-import activities of goods that generate foreign exchange. Therefore, sea transportation facilities for the distribution of goods are the main alternative. In order for this to be carried out properly, it takes the skill of officers to carry ships safely, accompanied by a sense of responsibility and a high work ethic. The rules of guard duty that have been set must be carried out without exception, in order to prevent dangers both while sailing and docking. Research with this descriptive technique is collected in the form of words with the results of observations, interviews, field notes, photos, video tapes, personal documents, notes or memos, and other official documents from research in KM. SABUK NUSANTARA 35. Where the duty of care is carried out well by the guard officers and crew, however, there are things that prevent it from being carried out, namely violations of procedures, workload, and crew fitness. Then carry out the handover of a good guard duty, but in its implementation it is still not optimal. The steps taken to maximize its implementation are preparation, implementation of standards, and implementation.

We are in Open Circuits: Writings by Nam June Paik

We Are in Open Circuits: Writings by Nam June Paik is a large, illustrated monograph with no image of the iconic artworks for which Paik is most known. There are no walls of stacked televisions, no Buddha watching himself on TV. This collection of writings, from the Nam June Paik Archive (Smithsonian American Art Museum) and a range of international publications, are the reproduced formatting and facsimiles of the artist’s typewritten scores, essays, letters and handwritten journal entries, postcards and notes. The book is wonderful to browse as an aesthetic artifact but it is also a resource and record of a dynamic mind responding to a changing world from the late 1950s into the mid-1990s. The editor introductions to each of the thematic sections (Music and the Avant-garde; Transforming Video and Television; Culture and Politics; and Commentaries and Letters) provide an historical and cultural context for Paik’s writing. Paik’s writing, however, is deeply interdisciplinary, nonlinear and networked. No single text stays within the bounds of the topic heading. This makes for an exhilarating reading experience within a single text but is somewhat overwhelming to navigate as a collection in book form, despite a fairly comprehensive index. The reader, curious about Paik’s networked thought processes, would benefit from digital versions of the texts in a searchable and richly annotated database. But such a digital resource would miss the material expressions of the writing itself as presented in this large format book. The artifacts of Paik’s time-worn philosophical fragments, about the artist’s role in a world being reshaped by technology, have the feel of prophecy; messages of hope and warning addressed to our current moment.Paik was an interdisciplinary and cosmopolitan artist at a time when electronic media was bringing the world virtually closer together after a devastating war. With a background in music, philosophy and aesthetics, he made his name in Germany and New York in the 1960s with his Cage-inspired scores in the neo-Dada Fluxus movement. In the 1970s, inspired by McLuhan’s media theory and the democratic promise of television, Paik pioneered “video art” with works encompassing broadcast TV, single-channel video, video installations and (mostly unrealized) plans for experiments with satellite television. The notes, plans and writings in We Are in Open Circuits cover this extraordinary artistic growth. Paik was clearly ambitious, seeking out connections and opportunities to make his visionary ideas a reality. His writing shows an instinct for grand entertainment, often accompanied by humor, within a serious art world. For example, he writes: Nietzsche said a hundred years ago, God is dead. I say, now paper is dead, except for toilet paper. If Joyce lived today, surely he would have written his Finnegan’s wake on video tape because of the vast possibility for manipulation in magnetic information storage.Paik’s writing also shows a practical artist attending to technical details in his notes and plans for exhibition, as well as to details of the theoretical frameworks in his grant reports.We Are in Open Circuits contains Paik’s most prescient speculative essays about technology: “Global Groove and Video Common Market” (1970), “Media Planning for the Post-Industrial Age” (1974), “Random Access Information” (1980) and “Art & Satellite” (1984). “Expanded Education for a Paper-less Society,” typewritten in 1968, begins: Suppose a girl in Kentucky wants to study the Japanese Koto instrument and a graduate at UCLA wants to experiment with certain Persian or Afghanistan musical instruments. How would they do this? … The mailable television (i.e., video tape) would enable the individual lessons for many subjects to be given from anywhere to anywhere.The artist who coined the term “electronic superhighway” also aimed to “make technology ridiculous.” Technology was for him not just a new medium for artistic self-expression but a generator of a new conviviality and a participatory human culture, involving chance, indeterminacy, simultaneity and fun, along with technical rigor. We Are in Open Circuits shows how much of Paik’s art was woven with his philosophical thinking about what happens when we are all connected.

Manufacturing Sino -Egyptian Commune as Smart Hackathon Project of Advertisement and Distributing Animation Products for Graduated Youth

Abstract The Sino-Egyptian smart Hackathon commune project is to endorse Dr./Dina Ali Mohammed El-Besomey, the Primary founder & pioneer& leader(with 100%) For a post-doctoral mission under the mission Call 2022-2023. The purpose of the post-doctoral mission is applying Sino -Egyptian commune project of advertisement and distributing animation products for graduated youth. The importance of the mission is this Applied study for Future Chinese –Egyptian Electronic Education vision 2030-2020 ). This project is as scientific mission of my post- PHD. This project focuses on the contemporary Chinese animation industry, especially The Role of Demography in the Distribution of Advertising Animation Products via the Experience of Chinese Communes with smart hackathon and how to apply it in Egypt. As the Demography of Advertising Animation Products via Chinese Communes, and the impact of them on the contemporary Chinese industry. Also on another hand explain that many of the Egyptian animation companies suffer from such problems as the production reduction, the expensive costs, to produce animation films with high quality, so Chinese and Egyptian companies should be concentred with the post- production stage to achieve profits. So I suggest to build this project in Damanhour,El-Behira Government, Egypt. And there is a discussion with El-Behira Government where it will be build and distribute Demography This Sino-Egyptian commune project in Damanhour, and also distribute Advertising Animation Products to the output of this project in his first stage to build one Sino-Egyptian commune to distribute his Advertising Animation Products, like: video tapes, DVD, video games, posters, stickers,comics, magazine, school tools, toys, electronic games, children clothes, masks, and interior designs.1

EFFECTS OF CAREGIVING OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ON THE CAREGIVERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING IN SELECTED INTEGRATED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

The psychological well-being of an individual is important for them to flourish in life. However, the demands associated with taking care of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may derange the caregivers from achieving their psychological well-being. ASD is a neurodevelopmental childhood disorder that persists into adulthood. It impairs an individual’s social, cognitive, and behavioural domains, causing most of the children to be dependent on caregivers throughout their lives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of caregiving of children with ASD on the caregivers’ psychological wellbeing. The study’s objective explored how caregiving of children with ASD affects the caregivers’ psychological wellbeing. The study employed the Social Ecological System Theory to explain the importance of a supportive environment in facilitating the caregivers to achieve their psychological well-being. The Cognitive Behavioural Theory was used to discuss the interventions to mitigate the effects of caregiving on caregivers’ psychological well-being. The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach and purposive sampling method.to select 24 informal caregivers and four formal caregivers from selected integrated primary schools in Nairobi. The study used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data from the caregivers. Data was captured using video tape recordings and field notes. Verbatim transcription was employed. QSRN N’vivo 10 data software was used to simplify and analyse data. The result revealed that caregiving of children with ASD affect the caregivers’ psychological wellbeing in the selected integrated primary schools in Nairobi County. The study recommends creation of public awareness about ASD, availing authentic information about ASD symptoms to help the caregivers to seek early interventions for their children with ASD, making therapies accessible and affordable, equal distribution of the available resources among children with ASD and availing psychological support to the caregivers as measures of mitigating the effects of caregiving of children with ASD.