Video-sharing Platform Research Articles

Responding to Videos on Individual Struggle – An Analysis of Digital Empathy in Bilibili Comments

In an era dominated by digital technology, the study of empathy in digital environment has gained increasing attention. This paper has analyzed the comments responding to the interviews featuring grassroots’ struggle on a popular Chinese video-sharing platform Bilibili, and found that those comments expressing empathy can be categorized into three types according to the Interpersonal Reactivity Index: comments showing empathic concerns, comments demonstrating perspective-taking, and comments sharing similar personal stories. The paper discovered that, in the video-audience relationship, empathic comments turned to more description of similar self-experience than emotional concerns and perspective-taking in order to show understanding of other’s emotions. This paper has expanded the study of empathy based on post-comment interactions and added to the exploration of reading emotions in texts.

How fund manager speaks values: evidence from China

ABSTRACT Confidence, especially in the form of overconfidence, is a crucial psychological factor that influences fund managers’ investment behaviours. However, how to reliably quantify it remains an open question. The self-marketing endeavours via video-sharing platforms of mutual fund companies in China have unexpectedly provided persuasive avenue to gauge confidence through video appearances. This paper proposes a novel data integration framework, combining with multimodal content understanding techniques, and offers calculations of nonverbal personal traits from videos circulated in social media. In particular, we focus on managers’ vocal cues and construct a confidence measure from vocal pitch. Our findings reveal a substantial relation between vocal confidence and fund managers’ investment decisions. Our work also underscores the potential of multimodal data from social media in disclosing nuanced findings in the interdisciplinary studies of finance and psychology.

Quality and reliability analysis of migraine Botox treatment information on YouTube.

YouTube (YT) is one of the world's most well recognized video-sharing platforms that appeals to large audiences and is used by individuals to educate themselves on disease diagnosis and treatment alternatives and to distribute health-related information. Videos were searched by typing the terms "migraine botox" and "botox treatment for migraine" on the YT search bar in English. A total of 50 videos were evaluated for each term. Two independent researchers viewed the videos and documented pertinent descriptive attributes of each video, such as the upload date, number of comments, number of dislikes, number of likes, and views. The videos were analyzed and the DISCERN Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) quality, and reliability scores were recorded. A total of 100 videos were assessed. The mean DISCERN score was 3.09, the mean JAMA score was 2.11, and the mean GQS score was 3.25. According to the source, 32% of the videos were uploaded by university/nonprofit physicians or professional organizations. In addition, when the DISCERN, GQS, and JAMA scores of the videos uploaded by health professionals were examined, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = .002, P = .015, and P = .002, respectively). However, no statistically significant relationship was found for the Video Popularity Index score. The reliability and quality scores of the evaluated videos uploaded by healthcare professionals for migraine Botox treatment were high, but the frequency of viewership was low. In our analysis of migraine Botox treatment videos on YT, we observed that the information on migraine Botox treatment had a wide spectrum, high-quality content, and that there were videos that may mislead viewers. In conclusion, we believe that the platform is not sufficient in its entirety, and that it should be supported with renewed, fact-checked, easy-to-understand language, and video-duration optimized videos.

“Zhuge Kongming becomes reborn as a clownish partygoer!”: Linguistic carnivalization, critical metapragmatics of danmu, and mediatized neoliberal (inter)subjectivity

The Chinese video-sharing platform of bilibili experiences a ‘Kongming fever’, wherein danmu commenters collectively parodize the historical figure Zhuge Kongming, a pre-existing indexical of Confucianist value beliefs institutionalized by the official authority. Drawing upon Bakhtinian carnivalesque (‘free and familiar contact’ and ‘parodic profanation’), the present study proposes the analytical framework of ‘linguistic carnivalization’ as a critical metapragmatic approach (i.e., subjectivity-oriented). The multimodal analysis of danmu comments reveals how digital users appropriate multiple semiotic resources to construct carnivalesque, including vulgar linguistic varieties from media culture, netspeak genre, poetic patterns of textual repetition, and inversive sign vehicles and rescripting. As a discursive-affective effect of such carnivalization processes, Kongming’s ‘serious’ Confucianist personae and indexed ideological expectations become playfully mediatized, profaned, and transformed into new images of personhood (‘livestreaming microcelebrity’ and ‘hedonic partygoer’) according to mass popular culture. In so doing, the Chinese netizens metapragmatically negotiate existing sociocultural hierarchies and reposition themselves as neoliberal subjects. This paper further suggests that the ‘inside-out’ and ‘down-to-earth’ power of linguistic carnivalization does not simply reside in creating aesthetic humor within a local cybercommunity, but importantly owns critical implications for illuminating variegated forms of neoliberal discourse and (re)production of neoliberal subjectivity under large-scale political economic conditions.

Video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats.

The aim of this work was to create a video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats as an open-access online resource for training of veterinary health professionals. A database comprising 60 h of video recordings of cats was used. Videos were previously recorded after ethical approval and written client consent forms, and involved cats with different types (eg, medical, surgical, trauma, orofacial) and degrees (eg, from no pain to severe pain) of acute pain, before and after surgery or the administration of analgesia. The database included videos of cats of different coat colours, ages, sex and breeds. Video selection was based on a published ethogram of acute pain behaviours in cats. Videos were selected by one observer (SM) according to their definition and quality, followed by a second round of screening by two observers (SM and PVS). Video editing included a standardised template (ie, watermark and titles). A total of 24 videos (mean length 33 ± 17 s) with each acute pain-related behaviour described in the ethogram were uploaded to an open-access online video-sharing platform (http://www.youtube.com/@Steagalllaboratory) with an individual hyperlink. Videos were provided with a short description of the behaviour for the public. This video-based compilation may promote better training of veterinary health professionals on acute pain assessment while improving feline health and welfare and the understanding of cat behaviours.

The Content, Reliability, and Quality of Insulin Pen Injection Videos on YouTube as Patient Education Resource.

This study, conducted using the descriptive-correlational model, aims to evaluate the content, reliability, and quality of insulin pen injection videos on YouTube. The video-sharing platform YouTube was searched with the keyword "insulin pen injection." Of the 101 relevant videos, 49 were included in the study. Video contents were evaluated independently by the "Insulin Pen Injection Guide Form," their reliability by the "DISCERN Questionnaire," and their quality by the "Global Quality Scale." Of the 49 videos that met the inclusion criteria, 55.1% contained useful information, and 44.8% contained misleading information. The videos that were found to be useful were longer and had higher DISCERN and content scores. A statistically significant positive correlation was determined between the videos' DISCERN and content scores (r = 0.772, P < .001). More than half of the insulin pen injection videos available on YouTube are helpful, but the number of misleading videos is close to the helpful ones. Thus, it may be recommended that the insulin pen injection videos be evaluated by experts in line with evidence-based guidelines before sharing them on YouTube.

Sexual diversity and streaming television: Toward a platform studies approach to analyzing LGBTQ+ TV

This essay argues for the utility of a platform-studies approach alongside textual analysis when studying the politics of sexual representation in contemporary television programming. Using a corpus of four LGBTQ+-themed programs that represent queer and trans sexualities and HIV/AIDS, the paper argues that funding mechanisms play a constitutive role in determining the kinds of sexual diversity that can circulate via streaming technologies. Comparing and contrasting content created for SVODs, BVODs, and video-sharing platforms, the essay considers the impact that the economic diversity of television’s multiplatform ecology has on the sexual diversity of content that circulates there. Purposefully combining an analysis of online TV with social media entertainment, the essay casts ‘streaming television’ as a wide, varied category whose relationship to questions of representational diversity is more complex than existing scholarship on these issues sometimes suggests. Situating its analysis in the literatures of platform studies, media industry studies, and television’s politics of LGBTQ + representation, the essay shifts the purview of ‘diversity’ away from representations of identity and toward diversities of funding mechanisms and diversities of sexual acts and practices. The essay argues for the necessity of textual analysis to properly articulate the relationship between platforms and the politics of sexual representation in the content that they circulate.

Social4Science:

With the significant increase in the use of social media, it is becoming increasingly crucial to understand how scientific publications are disseminated and debated on these online platforms. The analysis of these interactions and the circulation of scientific research has been the subject of study in the field of altmetrics, offering important results on the perception and sharing of science by the general public. This paper aims to present an innovative platform for collecting and analyzing social data related to scientific publications, with an emphasis on the video-sharing platform YouTube. The platform, called Social4Science, was developed to collect and analyze social data from YouTube, providing a deeper understanding of how scientific publications are disseminated and discussed on social media. By correlating social data with scientific information, Social4Science offers a comprehensive analysis of various metrics, making it possible to identify trends and patterns in discussions about scientific publications. The results obtained indicate that the proposed platform is highly promising, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between science and the public. In addition, it opens up new perspectives for future research in this area, highlighting its potential for significant advances.

‘There are no restrictions on me’: a netnographic approach to amateur subtitling from the perspective of translanguaging

ABSTRACT Amateur audiovisual translation is experiencing an increase in both prominence and scholarly attention, rejuvenating studies into audiovisual translation by shifting focus to earlier overlooked aspects of intralinguistic, interlinguistic, and intersemiotic translation activities, often sidelined in favour of monolingualism. Drawing on the netnographic data from the self-subtitling vlogger @成员外 on the popular Chinese video-sharing platform Bilibili.com, this study examines how and why the vlogger utilises multiple communicative resources to perform subtitling in amateur online settings through the lens of translanguaging. The results reveal that the translator employs source languages, local vernaculars, internet buzzwords, trans-registers, trans-modalities, and trans-discourses in his subtitling activities. These manipulative boundary-transcending transcreations not only enhance accuracy and expressiveness but also facilitate cultural mediation, and ultimately, foster the co-construction of an affinity space configured by a spirit of participation, collaboration, and mutual understanding. This study, as an attempt at the interdisciplinary study of applied linguistics and translation studies, sheds light on the production of audiovisual content in the media localisation industry and provides a solid foundation for future inquiries and explorations in this burgeoning field.

Mining the database of the people: Documentaries based on user-generated content, and database cinema in China

Given the popularity of video-sharing platforms in China and the prevalent usage of user-generated content (UGC) in documentary-making, this essay examines the emergent genre of UGC-based documentary as a practical approach and a significant extension of database cinema. While existing studies on previous database cinema works have focused on their non-linear structure and mode of presentation, the production process of UGC-based documentaries requires further research. To address this gap, I conducted an intermedia study of This Is Life (2020) and We Were SMART (2019) which reveals the dynamic interaction among filmmakers, platforms, and short-video creators that challenges the conventional cultural distinction among social classes and the prevailing logic of cyber attention. By combining innovative digital visual forms and constant social concerns, these films re-endow visibility to groups marginalised behind data-driven algorithms and explore new possibilities for an ‘aesthetics of the people’.

Haunting Messages: Online Videos and Public Belief in Paranormal Phenomena.

Despite broad skepticism within the scientific community regarding paranormal phenomena such as ghosts and unidentified flying objects (UFOs), many members of the public believe in these phenomena. Previous studies have argued that viewing paranormal-themed television-including documentary, reality, and news programming-can cultivate such beliefs. In addition, recent research suggests that the online video-sharing platform YouTube may serve as an important source of messages about fringe phenomena. With that in mind, this study builds on theoretical accounts of genre-specific cultivation and social media affordances to examine how YouTube videos present paranormal topics and whether YouTube use predicts belief in the paranormal. A content analysis of 50 highly viewed YouTube videos about paranormal topics (25 about hauntings and 25 about UFOs) showed that a large majority of these videos featured paranormal claims and that a majority included purported footage of paranormal phenomena. Scientific sources appeared in only a quarter of UFO videos and almost no haunting videos, while government sources appeared in most UFO videos, but few haunting videos. An analysis of data from a survey of the U.S. public (n = 1,035), in turn, found that paranormal documentary or reality television viewing, paranormal news use, and YouTube use predicted belief in hauntings, controlling for a range of other media use variables and background factors. These results highlight the potential for video-sharing platforms such as YouTube to reinforce paranormal beliefs among the public.

Video-sharing-platforms and Brussels Ia regulation: navigating contractual jurisdictional challenges

Abstract This article examines international jurisdiction in the resolution of contractual disputes involving Video-Sharing Platforms (VSP). It situates VSPs within the broader context defined by the Audio-visual Media Services Directive and identifies areas of litigation. The article discusses specific cases where national courts have resolved conflicts related to VSPs and sheds light onto the application of contractual and consumer forums under Regulation 1215/2012.

Algorithmic Content Recommendations on a Video-Sharing Platform Used by Children

Free video-sharing platforms (VSPs) make up a high proportion of children's daily screen use. Many VSPs make algorithmic recommendations, appearing as thumbnail images from the video, which content creators use to advertise their video content. To explore how VSP thumbnails use attention-capture designs to encourage engagement with content and to test whether VSP algorithmic recommendations offer more problematic thumbnail features over time. In this cross-sectional study conducted in January 2022, researchers mimicked the search behavior of children on a popular VSP by randomly clicking on recommended videos in order to test whether thumbnail designs changed over 20 sequential video engagements. A digital, footprint-free data collection setting was created by using a new computer and wireless internet router. Data were collected from YouTube via an internet browser not logged into a user account. Data analysis occurred from April to December 2022. Manual searches using 12 top-searched terms popular with school-aged children were conducted. Researchers captured the video thumbnails recommended at the end of each video and randomly clicked subsequent videos for 20 sequential engagements. Thumbnail content codes were developed through iterative review of screenshots by a multidisciplinary research team and applied by trained coders (reliability, κ >.70). The prevalence of problematic thumbnail content and change in prevalence over 20 engagements was calculated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. A total of 2880 video thumbnails were analyzed and 6 features were coded, including visual loudness; drama and intrigue; lavish excess and wish fulfillment; creepy, bizarre, and disturbing; violence, peril, and pranks; and gender stereotypes. A high proportion contained problematic features including the creepy, bizarre, and disturbing feature (1283 thumbnails [44.6%]), violence, peril, and pranks feature (1170 thumbnails [40.6%]), and gender stereotypes feature (525 thumbnails [18.2%]). Other features included attention-capture designs such as the visual loudness feature (2278 thumbnails [79.1%]), drama and intrigue feature (2636 thumbnails [91.5%]) and lavish excess and wish fulfillment feature (1286 thumbnails [44.7%]). Contrary to the hypotheses, problematic feature prevalence did not increase over time, but the gender stereotypes feature increased with more engagement in the recommendations feed (P for trend < .001). In this study of video recommendations for search terms popular with children, thumbnails contained problematic and attention-capturing designs including violent, stereotyped, and frightening themes. Research is needed to understand how children respond to thumbnail designs and whether such designs influence the quality of content children consume.

YouTube as a source of information for self-skin examinations: an analysis of content and quality.

YouTube stands as the premier video-sharing platform in the USA, boasting over 2 billion daily views. Despite YouTube’s declaration of using machine learning algorithms to curb misinformation, research indicates a notable deficiency in the quality of health-related content shared on the platform. We sought to evaluate the quality of skin self-examination videos on YouTube and compare them to the recommendations of the American Academy of Dermatology and the American Cancer Society.

Decentralized Video Sharing Platform using Blockchain and IPFS

A decentralized video streaming platform represents a unique way of storing video and sharing it to all. This platform is based on Blockchain Technology. This approach eliminates the need for traditional central servers and intermediaries, instead using a peer-to-peer (P2P) distribution model. In this platform, users directly upload the content through frontend made using NextJS. The uploaded content gets stored in IPFS nodes, and a Content Identifier (CID) is returned. Every content gets unique CID making the platform content duplicity resistance. Smart contracts and blockchain are used to operate all the functionalities of the platform. To make any recent changes in the current system, decentralized community uses smart contract and update it accordingly. The ownership of the content remains to the user who had uploaded by mapping its public address to it. Since all the content is shared and stored using blockchain and IPFS, no group or government agency has right over the content. In short, a decentralized video streaming platform provides a unique way of storing content and sharing it among the people without need of any central governing factor

Effectiveness of deep learning techniques in TV programs classification: A comparative analysis

In the application areas of streaming, social networks, and video-sharing platforms such as YouTube and Facebook, along with traditional television systems, programs’ classification stands as a pivotal effort in multimedia content management. Despite recent advancements, it remains a scientific challenge for researchers. This paper proposes a novel approach for television monitoring systems and the classification of extended video content. In particular, it presents two distinct techniques for program classification. The first one leverages a framework integrating Structural Similarity Index Measurement and Convolutional Neural Network, which pipelines on stacked frames to classify program initiation, conclusion, and contents. Noteworthy, this versatile method can be seamlessly adapted across various systems. The second analyzed framework implies directly processing optical flow. Building upon a shot-boundary detection technique, it incorporates background subtraction to adaptively discern frame alterations. These alterations are subsequently categorized through the integration of a Transformers network, showcasing a potential advancement in program classification methodology. A comprehensive overview of the promising experimental results yielded by the two techniques is reported. The first technique achieved an accuracy of 95%, while the second one surpassed it with an even higher accuracy of 87% on multiclass classification. These results underscore the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed frameworks, and pave the way for a more efficient and precise content management in the ever-evolving landscape of multimedia platforms and streaming services.

Evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of YouTube™ and TikTok™ contents about storage media for avulsed teeth: A cross-sectional study.

The preservation of avulsed teeth is critical in dental trauma management, necessitating effective storage media to ensure viable tooth reimplantation. The urgent need for accurate information has led both professional and non-professional individuals to increasingly seek guidance from video-sharing platforms such as YouTube™ and TikTok™. These platforms have become key resources for advice on such dental emergencies, but the reliability and accuracy of this information have not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to assess the quality, accuracy, and reliability YouTube™ and TikTok™ of videos regarding storage solutions for avulsion injuries. A search was conducted on YouTube™ and TikTok™ on February 4th, 2023, using terms related to traumatic dental injuries, and 53 videos were included. Video demographics such as platform, duration, type, upload date, likes, and comments were recorded. Video content quality, reliability, and accuracy were measured using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI). Research data were analyzed using SPSS IBM 24.0 at a 95% confidence interval. In total, 53 videos were examined. The average scores were JAMA: 1.70/4.00, modified DISCERN: 54.3/80.00, GQS: 3.88/5.00, and VIQI: 13.8/20.00. According to the modified DISCERN index, there were no "very poor" or "poor" quality videos, 49.05% were "moderate," 22.6% were "good," and 28.3% were "very good." No difference was found between YouTube™ and TikTok™ videos in terms of the modified DISCERN index, JAMA scores, GQS, and VIQI scoring (p > .05). Traumatic dental injuries are a common problem among children, and evaluating the reliability of available contents is becoming crucial for appropriate intervention. The study reveals that despite being sourced mainly from dental professionals, the overall quality of videos on avulsed tooth management was mediocre, underscoring the risks associated with misleading or incomplete information in such critical situations.

Scrolling for Answers About Breast Implant Illness: Application of Validated Tools to Assess the Quality of Content on YouTube and TikTok

Introduction: Popular video-sharing platforms YouTube and TikTok offer a plethora of information on the topic of breast implant illness (BII). As a largely patient-driven phenomenon, it is important to understand the influence of social media on patient knowledge regarding BII. This study sought to evaluate the quality, reliability, visibility, and popularity of YouTube and TikTok videos about BII. Methods: Two validated tools for health information, DISCERN and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), were utilized to evaluate the quality of information regarding the topic of BII on YouTube and TikTok. High DISCERN score indicates content of superior quality and reliability, while elevated PEMAT scores signify content that is easily understandable and actionable for viewers. The search phrase “breast implant illness” was used to screen videos, which were sorted based on relevance and view count. The first 100 videos that fulfilled inclusion criteria were independently graded by three reviewers. Results: TikTok videos of longer duration, a higher number of shares, and in the patient education category were all significantly associated with a higher total DISCERN score ( P &lt; 0.05). YouTube videos that included a provider or a patient were significantly more likely to have a higher total DISCERN and PEMAT understandability score (all P &lt; 0.05). Discussion of physician education, operation details, and patient experience was significantly associated with higher total DISCERN and PEMAT understandability scores (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Total DISCERN and PEMAT scores for videos regarding BII on two popular social media platforms are low. Video length, patient experience categorization, and the presence of a provider are worth considering when developing high-quality online content for breast reconstruction and augmentation patients.

FACTORS MOTIVATING STUDENTS TO CONTINUE USING YOUTUBE AS A LEARNING AID POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the process of teaching and learning had to be conducted online, such as through Zoom meetings, due to physical meeting restrictions, including in higher education. However, this was not entirely effective due to various factors, such as individual student learning preferences. To enhance comprehension, students utilized video-sharing platforms like YouTube, which, as it turns out, was effective. Hence, this study aims to investigate what factors motivate students (both school and university students) to continue using YouTube as a learning medium post-COVID-19 pandemic. A theoretical lens of the Expectation Confirmation Model is used with the addition of external variables: Perceived Herd and Parasocial Interaction. A total of 242 respondents from both educational levels in Manokwari Regency were obtained and analyzed using Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study's results explain that students experience satisfaction in using YouTube, which motivates them in Manokwari to continue using it as a learning medium post-COVID-19. This satisfaction is influenced by variables such as confirmation (C), perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived herd (PH). However, the PU factor's impact on continuance usage (CU) has a t-statistic value &lt;1.96 and a p-value &gt;0.05, indicating it lacks significant influence. There is also a rejection of the parasocial interaction (PI) variable's influence on satisfaction (S). Furthermore, the use of control variables such as age and gender has shown significant influence on this study, with research findings indicating that age and gender significantly impact satisfaction and continuance usage.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Control Variables, COVID-19, Expectation Confirmation Model, Parasocial Interaction, Perceived Herd, YouTube

Evaluation of the approach of General Surgery Specialists in Turkey to surgical videos published on YouTube

Objective: YouTube is an extremely popular social media platform used to watch, upload and share videos. YouTube contains many surgical videos intended for educational or marketing purposes. This article primarily aims to reveal Turkish general surgeons’ approach to and interest in social media, with a special focus on YouTube, and to discuss the pros and cons of YouTube as an educational source. Methods: An online survey of general surgery residents and attending physicians was conducted between April 2021 and May 2021 using a 16-item questionnaire. Participants were first asked to provide consent and provide demographic data such as age, sex and medical title, and then to answer questions about the use of social media, particularly YouTube, viewing surgical videos on YouTube, the ethical aspect of posting surgical videos on social media and whether or not they use it for educational purposes. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, ratios and frequencies. Results: The survey was completed by 46 general surgeons with various medical titles from different healthcare institutions. Most participants reported using YouTube to watch videos (95.7%). Almost a quarter (28.3%) reported frequently using YouTube to view surgery videos. Furthermore, most participants (87%) found the surgery videos on YouTube educational (91.3%). One of the striking results was that 52.2% of the participants reported that they had a friend who performed a first-time surgical procedure after watching it on YouTube. In addition, most surgeons considered it ethically appropriate to use surgical videos from YouTube as an educational source (76.10%). Conclusion: YouTube draws great interest from general surgeons as well as other members of society. General surgeons watch surgical videos on YouTube for educational purposes and find it ethical to post such videos. However, more extensive studies are needed to clarify further the role of increasingly used video-sharing platforms in education.