Video-recorded Interviews Research Articles

StreetTalk: exploring energy insecurity in New York City using a novel street intercept interview and social media dissemination method

This study introduces StreetTalk, an original qualitative research methodology inspired by social media influencers, to investigate perceptions and experiences of energy insecurity among New York City (NYC) residents. Briefly, energy insecurity is defined as difficulty meeting household energy needs due to affordability, housing quality, outages and coping strategies. This present study employs dynamic short-form interviews with 34 participants from all five NYC boroughs of diverse economic, and racial/ethnic backgrounds. Thematic analysis of video-recorded interviews revealed six major energy insecurity-related categories: (1) conservation and trade-offs, (2) physical inefficiencies, (3) thermal agency, (4) response to the bill, (5) disappointment and distrust in energy-related authorities, and (6) desire for and barriers to clean energy adoption. These themes provide insight into NYC residents’ experiences with energy insecurity and are consistent with prior research. Beyond new scholarly insights, this study introduces StreetTalk, an innovative qualitative research methodology emphasizing rapid data collection and dissemination through social media platforms, including TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube (@hotandcold_nyc). Taking advantage of modern technology and modes of communication, the research team was able to effectively break down barriers to academic research consumption as the videos achieved substantial engagement, with almost 200,000 views and impressions within the first year of launching this novel street-based data collection and social media dissemination campaign.

Healthcare professional students’ skills in sexual health communication and history taking: inter-rater reliability of standardized patients and faculty ratings in dar es Salaam, tanzania- a cross-sectional study

BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries face a disproportionate impact of sexual health problems compared to high-income countries. To address this situation proper interpersonal communication skills are essential for clinician to gather necessary information during medical history-taking related to sexual health. This study aimed to evaluate the interrater reliability of ratings on sexual health-related interpersonal communication and medical history-taking between SPs and trained HCP faculty for health care professional students.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional comparative study to evaluate the interrater reliability of ratings for sexual health-related interpersonal communication and medical history-taking. The data were collected from medical and nursing students at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, who interviewed 12 Standardized Patients (SPs) presenting with sexual health issues. The video-recorded interviews rated by SPs, were compared to the one rated by 5 trained Health Care Professional (HCP) faculty members. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using percent agreement (PA) and kappa statistics (κ).ResultsA total of 412 students (mean age 24) were enrolled in the study to conduct interviews with two SPs presenting with sexual health concerns. For interpersonal communication (IC), the overall median agreement between raters was slight (κ2 0.0095; PA 48.9%) while the overall median agreement for medical sexual history-taking was deemed fair (κ2 0.139; PA 75.02%).ConclusionThe use of SPs for training and evaluating medical and nursing students in Tanzania is feasible only if they undergo proper training and have sufficient time for practice sessions, along with providing feedback to the students.

Using recorded visual data: Doing online interviews

Using as a starting point an idea expressed by Thomas Scheff in the 1980s about the benefit of having video recordings of interviews that have been done, I discuss in this article how online research interviews via communication platforms such as Zoom or Skype can strengthen research studies. The specific benefits of having a visual recording of an interview in addition to an audio recording are discussed and consideration is also given to why Scheff’s proposal did not receive greater acceptance in practice among the community of researchers when it was first proposed. The obstacles that might have impeded the application of Scheff’s proposal by researchers over the years are outlined and suggestions are made as to why modern communication platforms such as Zoom and Skype might now enable Scheff’s proposal to be implemented in research studies that utilize interviews as a method of inquiry.

Clinician perspectives on adolescent cannabis-related beliefs and behaviors following recreational cannabis legalization

BackgroundAs more states legalize cannabis, studies are needed to understand the potential impacts of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) on adolescents from the perspective of clinicians who care for them. MethodsThis qualitative study characterized clinician perspectives on whether cannabis legalization is associated with changes in adolescents’ cannabis use beliefs, behaviors, and consequences. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 clinicians in a large healthcare organization from 9/6/2022–12/21/2022. Video-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsThe 32 participants (56.3 % female, mean [SD] age, 45.9 [7.6] years; 65.3 % non-Hispanic White) were from Addiction Medicine (n = 13), Psychiatry/Mental Health (n = 7), Pediatrics (n = 5), and the Emergency Department (n = 7). Clinicians described post-RCL increases in adolescent cannabis use, use of non-combustible modes and high-potency products, and younger age of first use. Clinicians reported social, physical, and policy changes, including changes in social norms, appealing advertisements, marketing, and easier access. Many noted fewer perceived harms among adolescents and greater self-medication post-RCL. They described how RCL contributed to increased parental cannabis use and permissiveness around adolescent use. Finally, many described post-RCL increases in cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, and several noted increased cannabis-related psychosis and acute intoxication, and decreased court-mandated treatment. ConclusionsClinicians from diverse specialties described post-RCL increases in adolescent cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences, alongside changes in social norms, access, marketing and advertisements, and decreased perceptions of harms. Findings can inform strategies to support adolescents in the context of increased cannabis availability and acceptability post-legalization and support the development of hypotheses for broader-scale quantitative work.

Behind the Scenes: A Qualitative Investigation of Interviewers' Performance in EQ-5D Valuation Studies.

The EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) protocol is currently employed by the valuation studies of the EQ family of instruments worldwide. To date, all the evidence in support of the quality control (QC) originates from quantitative indicators. We aimed to explore interviewers' conversational patterns in EQ-VT interviews, beyond quantitative QC indicators, and toprovide a preliminary exploration of how the interaction between interviewer and respondent impacts data quality. Two researchers transcribed and independently coded 24 video-recorded interviews from the Italian EQ-5D-5L valuation study, adopting the conversational analysis framework. The analysis identified positive and negative 'patterns' of conversational practice. These were categorized into themes and sub-themes and were used to score a random sample of 42 video-recorded interviews conducted at different time points by seven interviewers. The conversational analysis identified 20 positive and 14 negative interview patterns, which were grouped into two main themes (i.e., task execution and communication skills). Positive items included appending questions that stimulated respondents' engagement, providing different explanations for an unclear aspect, supporting the participant with useful information for completing the tasks, and increasing the interview's coherence by confirming the respondent answers. Negative patterns included moving forward in the exercise without making sure that the respondent understood, trying to force an answer from the respondent, speaking too fast, and providing incomplete or incorrect explanations of the task. Most interviewers exhibited a moderate increase in positive patterns or a decrease in negative patterns over time. A certain degree of consistency between the quantitative QC results and the qualitative scoring deriving from the interviewer-respondent interaction was observed, with the best and worst performers of the qualitative scoring showing good and bad scores on key QC items, respectively. The identified positive and negative patterns may be useful to inform the training material of EQ-VT studies worldwide and complement the existing QC process.

Indonesian university students’ practices and perspectives on translanguaging

Despite the growing research on translanguaging, additional research is still needed, especially in the students’ actual practice of translanguaging in Indonesian university classrooms and its inherent emotional state. Addressing this gap, our study aims to explore university students’ practices and perspectives towards translanguaging in classroom presentations with students’ state of emotion during presentations. This qualitative case study was chosen to have an in-depth analysis of an issue under investigation. Data were collected via Zoom video recording and semi-structured interviews. Garcia and Li Wei’s (2014) theory of translanguaging is used as an umbrella to analyze data, followed by our use of Li Wei's (2011) moment analysis and Baker's (2011) pedagogical function of translanguaging to strengthen the analysis. This study revealed that translanguaging is mostly appreciated by respondents as it can diminish language anxiety with one student’s criticism on the potential overuse of translanguaging. Translanguaging, as reported, also helped respondents with better comprehension, growing confidence, and enhanced equity. The pedagogical implication of this study is that Indonesian university EFL teachers could develop a more flexible syllabus, enabling university students to use English with the possibility of translanguage when needed. However, translanguaging should be used with caution.

"What helps your back pain?" A qualitative analysis of pain management strategies in opioid-treated adults with chronic low back pain.

The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to better understand what pain management strategies adults with opioid-treated chronic low back pain (CLBP) found most helpful. A subgroup of participants from a larger randomized control trial of two psychological interventions were asked: "What helps your back pain?" at baseline and 12 months (exit) in brief, video-recorded interviews. Videos were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis utilizing Transana™. Participants were recruited from the community and outpatient clinics in three United States sites. Seventy-nine adults with long-term (≥3 months) opioid-treated (≥15 mg/day morphine equivalent) CLBP. Participants' baseline and exit qualitative responses to the question "What helps your back pain?" At baseline, participants identified medication (n = 63), body position (n = 59), thermal application (n = 50), physical activity (n = 49), and stretching (n = 24) as the CLBP management strategies they found helpful. At exit, the reports of medication (n = 55), physical activity (n = 41), and stretching (n = 21) were often considered helpful for CLBP and remained relatively stable, while position (n = 36) and thermal application (n = 35) strategies were mentioned less frequently and psychological strategies (n = 29) were mentioned more frequently (up from n = 5) compared to baseline. Over time, the reports of medication and active pain management strategies, eg, physical activity, remained stable, while the reports of some passive pain management strategies, eg, position and thermal, declined over time. Increased use of psychological strategies implies that study interventions were incorporated as useful pain self-management strategies.

Procedural Detailing: A Patient’s Practice for Normalizing Routine Behaviors

ABSTRACT In palliative care in the UK, occupational and/or physiotherapists consult with patients to assess how they are managing their activities for daily living in light of their life-limiting condition(s), and to identify any activities that might benefit from therapeutic intervention. In this paper we use conversation analysis to describe a patient’s practice in these consultations, which we call “procedural detailing,” whereby they produce a step-by-step description of how they do some everyday activity, such that it is depicted as adequate, stable, and unproblematic. Based on a collection of 15 cases identified in video recordings of consultations in a large English hospice, we demonstrate how patients use this practice to normalize their routine conduct and thereby reject or rule out an actual or anticipated therapeutic recommendation. Our analysis suggests that such descriptions let patients participate in shared decision-making by revealing their preference for routines that preserve their level of independence and dignity.

Talking Lines: A Research Protocol Integrating Verbal and Visual Narratives to Understand the Experiences of People Affected by Rarer Forms of Dementia

People affected by rarer forms of dementia often have a long and difficult experience obtaining a diagnosis and appropriate support, impacting family, employment and social relationships, quality of life and wellbeing. For this population progressive cognitive symptoms affect skills other than memory and disproportionately occur under the age of 65 years, often resulting in misdiagnosis and lack of appropriate care pathways. The objective of this study will be to better understand the subjective experience of the time period from first noticing symptoms to obtaining a formal diagnosis, through to accessing support, and onward to the present time. Through the concurrent use of line drawings and video-recorded interviews we will collect the stories of people living with different rarer dementias and/or family members who are care partners in Canada and the United Kingdom. Narrative and visual analysis will be used in parallel to methodologically explore how line drawing and verbal discourse interact and inform each other to construct knowledge, and how the use of drawing lines might enrich research interviews and increase accessibility of research participation. This novel research approach may also have implications for clinical interviewing, support services, and public engagement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to retrospectively explore over time the experiences of people affected by rarer forms of dementia from initial symptoms—to diagnosis—to accessing support—to the present, using visual and verbal methodologies.

Collective memory and trans history in the Italian context: Archival practices and the creation of the first trans archive in Italy

In recent years, there has been a growing scholarly interest in the relationship between history, memory, archiving and trans experiences. This body of work has shown how questioning the praxis of archiving from the vantage point of trans experiences has the potential to problematise cis-heteronormative assumptions around the body, time and space and to queer the epistemological premises around what constitutes archives and archival practices. In this article, we present the experience of the project ArchiviST* – Archivi Storia Trans (Trans History Archives) which aims to create the first archive exclusively dedicated to the history of trans lives and activism in contemporary Italy. The project has been promoted by Trans Identity Movement, the most influential and long-lived trans association in Italy. Since its birth in 1979, Trans Identity Movement informally collected a substantial documentary heritage concerning trans and LGBTQIA+ history as a political practice to preserve the counter-memories of its people and movements. The ArchiviST* project carries out the inventorying and digitising of the materials, together with the collection of original video-recorded interviews with pioneering activists of the trans movement. By presenting a reflection on the process of ‘reconstructing’ an archive in this context, we unpack and explore some of the key issues surrounding trans archiving and collective memories in the Italian context: what counts as collective memory? What types of relationships are established between trans memories and the documents present in the archive? What memories have (not) been told, and what voices and subjects have (not) emerged as protagonists? We encourage a reflexive attitude towards the practice of trans archiving to problematise established historiographical categories, such as time, private/public, political engagement, life history and memory and to recognise the ethical and methodological challenges that such a path poses to historiography and archive research in general.

Chinese EFL Learners’ Lived Experience of Communication Apprehension in a Sino-Foreign Context

A great deal of emphasis has been placed on the development of communication competencies among students in light of the significance of effective communication in the 21st century. Past studies identified communication apprehension (CA) as one factor that hindered learners’ ability to communicate effectively. This study used a qualitative, phenomenological method involving six (6) participants who have lived experience of CA in a unique Chinese context, the Sino-Foreign Joint Venture, a concept that promotes cooperation of foreign educational institutions with China’s educational services industry. In-depth interviews, essays of the participants’ experiences, stimulated recall, and classroom observation has been employed. The video-recorded interviews were carried out as the primary method of data collection. The results revealed eight themes identified as anxiety-provoking classroom situations, namely, level of difficulty and familiarity with the topic, incomprehensible input, preparation, interpersonal evaluation and criticism, voluntary speaking and being asked to, making mistakes and losing face, classroom oral presentations, and oral language assessment and rate of recurrence. This study throws in user input to sensitize Sino-Foreign higher education institutions, curriculum developers, and teachers to the debilitating influence of communication apprehension on language learners.

‘It’s High School. Everybody Gone Judge Yuh’: school as a social world where Afro-Caribbean girlhood experiences are created

ABSTRACT School operates as a space/place where girls must navigate and negotiate different aspects of their identities further adding to the complexities of Black girlhood. The scantiness of sociological scholarship surrounding Black girls from the Dutch West Indies elucidates this article’s importance. I conducted audio- and video-recorded interviews with nine Afro-Caribbean girls ages 14–17 years old. The interviews were interpreted using an Afro-Caribbean transnational feminist framework which specifically centres the lives of the girls. Findings reveal that Afro-Caribbean girls navigate school by negotiating their decisions about their hair, appearance, and dress to resist heteronormative ideas in Sint Maarten. This paper is a part of a larger project where I examined how Afro-Caribbean girls from the island of Sint Maarten conceptualise what it means to be a girl and to understand how they narrate, navigate, and negotiate their girlhood experiences.

Individual outfit designs: Expanding idea development using shared mood boards

Earlier studies have indicated that mood boards have notable potential. The impact of collectively created mood boards on individual ideation, however, has not been thoroughly studied. This article demonstrates how to bring together collaborative and individual elements in design education. We analysed the role of specific, collectively created, mood boards in student-level conceptual design and how students describe this role. We asked the eleven craft education students participating in this study to develop shared mood boards in team design sessions, and to individually design an outfit utilizing a mood board. The data (i.e. video-recorded interviews, students’ visual and material artefacts, notes) were analysed qualitatively. The results indicated that the shared mood boards played an active role in the students’ processes by expanding their creative idea space and providing a context for their idea development. Our findings could be beneficial for developing craft education by combining collaborative and individual efforts.

Across Textual Landscapes: The Role of Affect During Digital Reading Encounters

This article addresses questions related to how the change in the textual landscape, from paper-based books to electronic books, has an effect on the teaching of reading in early childhood classrooms as well as how the digital devices relate to different aspects of reading instruction. Drawing on the theoretical concept of affect, the purpose is to expand knowledge about processes of experiencing literary digital texts that are enacted and produced in a Swedish classroom when the teacher and the six-year-old students encounter digital narrative texts. The study draws on ethnographical methods to collect empirical material using video recording, field notes, and small interviews with children. The documentation includes both individual and collaborative reading of digital narratives. Discussed in the intersection between envisionment and affect, the results show that e-book activities create multiple and differing processes of reading. The metacognitive processes initiated by the teacher’s instruction of reading strategies create a distance between the student and the text, while processes of embodied sense-making create a closeness to the text that seems to be vital when the students encounter digital narratives and text worlds. These findings may contribute to educational as well as edu-political discussions about pedagogical rationales for e-book activities in which the dynamic and essential relation between body, space, and reading is made prominent.

Strategies Facilitating Video Visit Implementation by a Medical Group Serving a Diverse Population.

IntroductionVideo visits have created new opportunities to enhance access to care, but limited information exists on strategies medical groups can employ to facilitate video visit use by higher-risk patients. Our objective was to identify generalizable strategies to facilitate successful delivery of video visits by systems serving highly diverse patient populations. MethodsThe authors conducted a qualitative study of physicians and staff members in a large group practice with 4.5 million patients with diverse race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between January 2021 and April 2021, with key informants identified via purposive and snowball sampling. Video-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify major themes and subthemes. ResultsThe 42 key informants included regional and medical center leaders, primary care physicians, service managers, and medical assistants. Participants described clinical leadership in technology and multidisciplinary collaboration as crucial to sustained video care adoption. Strategies to facilitate real-time learning included local innovation, rapid communication channels, and psychological safety. The organization offered broad access to frequently updated data reports to help managers and practitioners understand processes, measure performance, and share best practices. Medical assistants and physicians developed new approaches to empathize, tailor interactions with patients, and overcome psychological and technical barriers to connecting via video. ConclusionsKey strategies for sustained video care adoption included clinical leadership articulating its purpose, multidisciplinary collaboration, local innovation, effective data use, empathy, and personalized care. These findings provide a model for how health care systems can foster robust adoption of technologies to serve diverse populations.

"I Want to Be Stepping in More" - Professional Online Forum Moderators' Experiences of Supporting Individuals in a Suicide Crisis.

IntroductionIndividuals experiencing suicidal crises increasingly turn to online mental health forums for support. Support can come from peers but also from online moderators, many of whom are trained health professionals. Much is known about users' forum experiences; however, the experiences of professional moderators who work to keep users safe has been overlooked. The beneficial nature of online forums cannot be fully realized until there is a clearer understanding of both parties' participation. This study explored the experiences of professional online forum moderators engaged in suicide prevention.Materials and MethodsA purposive sample of professionally qualified moderators was recruited from three online mental health organizations. In-depth semi-structured, video-recorded interviews were conducted with 15 moderators (3 male, 12 female), to explore their experiences and perceptions of working in online suicide prevention spaces. Data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were identified related to the experiences and challenges for moderators. These were the sense of the unknown, the scope of the role, limitations of the written word, volume of tasks, and balancing individual vs. community needs.DiscussionFindings indicate that the professionally qualified moderator role is complex and multifaceted, with organizations failing to recognize these aspects. Organizations restrict moderators from using their full therapeutic skill set, limiting them to only identifying and re-directing at-risk users to crisis services. The benefits of moderated online forums could be enhanced by allowing moderators to use more of their skills. To facilitate this, in-situ research is needed that examines how moderators use their skills to identify at-risk users.

Experiences of language and communication after brain-tumour treatment: A long-term follow-up after glioma surgery

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore how persons having received various treatments for glioma, a type of brain tumour, experience their language, speech, and communication in everyday life. Twelve persons with low-grade glioma and one with high-grade glioma who had undergone tumour resection in 2014–2016 in different tumour locations were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. The video-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis, which revealed three manifest categories, nine sub-categories and one latent theme. Participants experienced changed communication that affected word finding, motor speech and comprehension. They also expressed how communication required a greater effort; time and context were important factors and participants felt frustrated with their communication. Further, they were dealing with changes and used multiple strategies to manage communication. For most participants it did not affect their everyday life, but it was not like before. In addition, participants adapted their way of living to manage illness-related problems. Uncertainty was a latent theme which emanated from the participants’ illness experience, reflecting how living with a slow-growing brain tumour affects life-decisions and views of perceived symptoms. Discussion of how results can be interpreted in relation to previous research and health care are included.

'Is it in your basic personality?' Negotiations about traits and context in diagnostic interviews for personality disorders.

What does it mean to claim that somebody's personality is disordered? The aim in this paper is to examine how the process of diagnosing personality disorders (PD) unfolds on a practical level. We take an in-depth look at PD interviews, paying close attention to the occasional discrepancies in the clinicians' and the patients' approaches to generalising the behaviour of patients to describe their personality. Clinicians are guided by the medical model and structured interviews in their approach. We regard the interview situation as interplay between the institution, the clinician and the patient - and the final diagnosis as an interactional construction between them. Our data consists of video-recorded interviews in Finland with 10 adult patients and three psychiatric nurses. The collection was compiled from 22 excerpts in which the participants orient differently to the generalisability of personality traits. Our observations show that, in these interviews, patients frequently make sense of their behaviour differently from what is expected - not as a reflection of their personality traits, but as an outcome of many situational factors. Our understanding leads us to emphasise the importance of making visible the practices that shape the diagnostic process in psychiatry.

Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach.

BackgroundEvery year, millions of children undergo medical procedures that require anesthesia. Fear and anxiety are common among young children undergoing such procedures and can interfere with the child’s recovery and well-being. Relaxation, distraction, and education are methods that can be used to prepare children and help them cope with fear and anxiety, and serious games may be a suitable medium for these purposes. User-centered design emphasizes the involvement of end users during the development and testing of products, but involving young, preschool children may be challenging.ObjectiveOne objective of this study was to describe the development and usability of a computer-based educational health game intended for preschool children to prepare them for upcoming anesthesia. A further objective was to describe the lessons learned from using a child-centered approach with the young target group.MethodsA formative mixed methods child (user)-centered study design was used to develop and test the usability of the game. Preschool children (4-6 years old) informed the game design through playful workshops (n=26), and usability testing was conducted through game-playing and interviews (n=16). Data were collected in Iceland and Finland with video-recorded direct observation and interviews, as well as children’s drawings, and analyzed with content analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsThe children shared their knowledge and ideas about hospitals, different emotions, and their preferences concerning game elements. Testing revealed the high usability of the game and provided important information that was used to modify the game before publishing and that will be used in its further development.ConclusionsPreschool children can inform game design through playful workshops about health-related subjects that they are not necessarily familiar with but that are relevant for them. The game’s usability was improved with the participation of the target group, and the game is now ready for clinical testing.

Indonesia Languange Utterance by Nias People in Gunung Sitoli

This research aims to find out the factors that influence the pronunciation of Nias people when using Indonesian as a second language, to find out the rules of language change. The theory used in this research is the theory of behaviorism and neutral theory. This research used qualitative research methods and observation techniques to collect data. Data were taken based on interviews with respondents, video recordings of interviews and field notes found in the form of words. The collected data were analyzed using inductive methods and using error analysis techniques to analyze research data. This research interviewed forty five years old man and forty two years woman who are living in Gunung Sitoli. The data collected is related to basic swadesh vocabulary and vocabulary that is not included in swadesh which changes when spoken into Indonesian. The results of the collected data describe and represent the wrong pronunciation when pronouncing Indonesian.
 The results of this research indicate four factors that influence the change in Nias language in Indonesian. These factors occur because of the differences in the language system of Nias and Indonesian. The use of the Nias language is more dominant than the Indonesian language, the Nias people always use the regional language (Nias) in a formal atmosphere.