Video Questionnaires Research Articles

360-degree virtual reality video to teach neonatal resuscitation: an exploratory development study

Simulation is an effective training method for neonatal resuscitation (NR). However, the limitations brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, and other resource constraints, have necessitated exploring alternatives. Virtual reality (VR), particularly 360-degree VR videos, have gained attraction in medical training due to their immersive qualities. The primary objectives of the study were to produce a high quality 360-degree virtual reality (VR) video capturing NR simulation and to determine if it could be an acceptable adjunct to teach NR. The secondary objective was to determine which aspects of NR could benefit from the incorporation of such a video in training. This was an exploratory development study. The first part consisted of producing the video using a GoPro action camera, Adobe Premiere Pro, and Unity Editor. In the second part participants were recruited, based on level of experience, to watch the video and answer questionnaires to determine acceptability (user experience and cognitive load) and aspects of NR which could benefit from the video. The video was successfully developed. Forty-six participants showed a strong general appreciation. User experience revealed high means (> 6) in the positive subscales and low means (< 4) for immersion side effect, with no difference between groups. Cognitive load was higher than anticipated. Participants indicated that this video could be effective for teaching crisis resource management principles, human and environment interactions, and procedural skills. The 360-degree VR video could be a potential new simulation adjunct for NR. Future studies are needed to evaluate learning outcomes of such videos.

Promoting UAV autonomous aerial video to improve cross-cultural understanding, historical knowledge, and students’ perception

ABSTRACT We designed a cross-cultural learning activity leveraging unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to enhance historical and cultural understanding among twenty university students from Indonesia and China. By recording and exchanging aerial videos of local cultural and historical sites using UAVs equipped with the latest AI features, students gained unique perspectives on these landmarks, unavailable through traditional ground-level photography. This study examined how such activities foster cross-cultural understanding and deepen historical knowledge, alongside participants' perceptions of UAV video production. Employing a mixed method approach, including video analysis, questionnaires, and interviews, we discovered that UAV technology not only facilitated a unique learning experience but also significantly impacted participants' cross-cultural and historical insights. The ease of UAV use and its effectiveness in cross-cultural education were particularly noted, with participants expressing intentions to use UAV technology in future learning contexts. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations for educators and researchers to integrate UAV technology into educational settings.

Light, activity, and sleep: Design and usability evaluations of a web-based course supporting changes to routines and the home

While research indicates that indoor lighting, exposure to daylight, physical activity, and sleep interact to influence functioning, mood, and daily rhythm, strategies are needed to support behavioral changes among older adults who often spend more time at home after retirement. The objective was to design a web-based course to encourage behavior change related to light, activity, and sleep. Grounded in the information-motivation-behavioral skills model, the course aims to promote well-being and improve lighting and darkness conditions at home. The technology acceptance model was used as a framework for evaluating usability aspects of the course. Data were collected through video observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Three experts on pedagogy, design for older adults, and/or interaction design were invited to independently assess usability of the course content in a full-scale model of an apartment. Six adults (age 70 &amp;ndash; 79) participated in a similar usability evaluation in a second round in the apartment. A two-step usability evaluation by experts in the first round and target users in the second proved valuable. Findings enabled refinement of the course content and significantly reduced the number of identified usability issues in the second round. All six participants in the second round rated the overall user-friendliness as 6 out of 7. Changes to the content after the second round included, e.g., clarifying the different types of text links and considering issues with online enrolment in the course. The web-based course, supplemented with physical meetings, can benefit late-life learners because of the relevant easy-to-use content.

Different interlocutors, different EFL interactional strategies: A case study of intercultural telecollaborative projects in secondary classrooms

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate the interactional strategies that secondary school EFL learners use during telecollaboration with interlocutors from a different cultural and linguistic background. Its novelty lies in the educational level and cultural contexts explored as well as in the goal of examining whether frequency of strategy use may depend on the interlocutor and, if so, what the relevant factors are for such variation. The study focuses on two projects in which 10 participants from one Bulgarian school and 18 partners from two schools in Spain took part in dyadic synchronous videoconferences discussing culture-related topics. Data were collected via video recordings, field observations, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires. The article presents both descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis of the communicative behavior of three case study students interacting with different telecollaborative partners. We found that the participants demonstrate differences in interactional behavior and utilize strategies with varying frequency depending on their interlocutor. The results also reveal crucial factors in the design of telecollaborative educational projects if learners are to successfully implement skills of discovery and interaction in real time.

Understanding colorectal cancer patient follow-up: a qualitative interview study.

There are increasing numbers of patients who have been treated for colorectal cancer (CRC) who struggle with ongoing physical and psychological symptoms. 'Cancer survivor' is often used to describe these patients but this terminology remains controversial. This study sought to understand the follow-up experience of CRC patients in the UK and identify the terminology they prefer following diagnosis and treatment. Purposeful sampling of patients from specialist CRC follow-up clinics was performed until data saturation was achieved. Two 1:1 semi-structured qualitative interviews were performed for each participant. Data were analysed thematically. Seventeen participants, median age = 62, 53% male were interviewed. Several themes were identified. Of note, fear of cancer recurrence dominates patients' agendas at follow-up appointments. There are also clinical and administrative barriers to discussing symptoms including being embarrassed, feeling that their symptoms were not relevant or not having enough time to discuss issues. However, there are several methods which may improve this, such as through the use of video consultations and questionnaires. In addition, patients identified inadequate holistic support despite significant psychological and social distress. Our data suggest that labelling a diverse group of patients as 'cancer survivors' can be problematic. It is important that clinicians systematically screen patients for symptoms that are known to occur following treatment. Clinicians and patients should have routine access to pathways and programmes that can support patients in navigating their life after cancer therapy.

English Instructors’ Use of Classroom Questions and Question Types in EFL Classrooms

The aim of this study was to identify the degree to which English teachers apply classroom questioning skills from the point of view of English teachers in the Saudi context. I used a descriptive approach in this study and video recordings and questionnaires to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of three axes (skills for formulating classroom questions, skills for asking classroom questions, and skills dealing with students&amp;rsquo; answers). The sample was 160 English teachers from intermediate government schools. Video cameras recorded English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers&amp;rsquo; explanations and all the questions they asked in their classrooms. The study findings showed that most EFL teachers apply the various skills related to classroom questions. First, they use skills for dealing with student&amp;rsquo;s answers. Second, they use the skill of formulating classroom questions. Finally, they practice asking classroom questions. The findings further revealed that the majority of Saudi English teachers tend to use closed, lower-order, and display questions often in their classrooms. By contrast, the results showed that they seldom used higher-order, open-ended, and referential questions in EFL classrooms.

An Analysis of EFL Students Perspective on Classroom Activities during Extensive Reading Class

This article aims at explaining the EFL students’ perspectives on classroom activities on classroom activities during Extensive Reading Classes. To be specific it describes the classroom activities and the students’ perspectives on the activities in Extensive Reading Classes. Descriptive qualitative is used as the research design of this study. The participants of this study were a lecturer of the Extensive Reading class and 12 students of the English language education class 2019 in the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of PGRI Ronggolawe University. To collect the data observation using video recording, questionnaire, and interview were used. The data were analyzed descriptively. From the analysis, the result showed that classroom activities used in Extensive Reading classes were reading activities by individual students in which the students chose their reading materials freely, and then they chose two reading materials to be presented in the class. From the study, it was also found that the students felt satisfied with the activities and stated that they could improve their reading skills after taking the Extensive Reading Class. However, the students agreed that the classroom needed some improvement to make the activities more fun and interactive. &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Classroom Activities; Extensive Reading; Students Perspective; Qualitative.

Prevalence, severity and risk factors for asthma in school-going adolescents in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

BackgroundAsthma remains highly prevalent, with more severe symptoms in low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with high-income countries. Identifying risk factors for severe asthma symptoms can assist with improving outcomes....

THE EFFECT OF USE OF VIDEO MEDIA AND WORKSHOP ON THE LEARNING RESULTS OF CLASS VII STUDENTS MATHEMATICS SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 5 SILIRAGUNG

This research was conducted to instructional video media on the mathematics learning outcomes of Grade VII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Siliragung. This research is quantitative research. With this type of causal quantitative research. The research was conducted in class VII, namely class VIIA and VIIC, for 62 students. Meanwhile, to test the validity and reliability of the Video questionnaire instrument (X1), Data collection techniques used questionnaires, mathematics learning outcomes tests and observation sheets. The data analysis technique used the multiple linear regression test to test the effect of video media and worksheets media on mathematics learning outcomes and simulant test (F test) to test the effect of using video media and worksheets together on mathematics learning outcomes. The results show that the regression coefficient of the learning video is 0.233, meaning that if the learning video variable (X1) increases by 1% assuming the LKS variable (X2) and the constant (a) is 0 (zero), then Student mathematics learning outcomes increased by 23.3% while the second regression test can be seen that the LKS media regression coefficient value is 0.325, meaning that if the LKS variable (X2) increases by 1% assuming the learning idea variable (X1) and the constant (a) is 0 (zero), then the students' mathematics learning outcomes increased by 32.5%. And based on the results of the simultaneous test (F test), it can be seen that if F count is 6.649 with F table value is 3.15 so that the Fcount value&gt; F table or 6.649&gt; 3.15, and a significant level of 0.000 &lt;0.05, it can be concluded that independent variables have an influence on variables. dependent

The Cognitive Skills in Interpretation of Spatial Situations in the League of Legends game

Background League of Legends is one of the most popular video games in the world. With the help of the new initiatives of the developers and publishers (Riot Games), professional international and local tournaments were established. Riot Games also took care of establishing regional leagues, such as LCK (League of Legends Champions Korea) or LEC (League of Legends European Championship). The best teams from each region have an annual chance to compete in October / November to become the esports world champions in LoL. Watching the tournaments such as world champions, as well as amateur streams on popular platforms (Twitch, YouTube) is now trending more and more. The fact that the game (especially spatial situations) can be observed by both experts (players of this game) and non-experts (players of other games or non-players at all) creates a field for scientific research. Intervention The authors of this article wanted to establish whether or not the League of Legends game offers gamers with different levels of knowledge of the entire game and different range of cognitive skills the same interpretation of spatial situations. Methods The research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire (offline), in which respondents were supposed to watch five short videos presenting different situations during the game. Eighty-two respondents, divided into three groups, participated in the research. The Pearson chi-square test was used for the analysis of the differences between groups. Results and Discussion As a consequence of the results of this study it may be concluded that gamers on different advancement level do not present the same level of interpretation of spatial situations in the game. The authors, using the scheme of knowledge of the point, lane, and area in the construction of video questionnaire did not focus on the game as a whole, but wanted to highlight crucial elements of the entire game.

How Does the Experience of Forest Recreation Spaces in Different Seasons Affect the Physical and Mental Recovery of Users?

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the recovery effect of the forest environment on physical and mental health. Therefore, providing users with a high-quality forest landscape space is a very important research topic for forest landscape designers and forest resource managers. From the perspective of different seasons, this study explores the differences in landscape perceptions and physical and mental recovery of users when they experience different forest recreation spaces and the interactions between them. First, this study used virtual reality video experience and questionnaires for participants. Then, the paired-samples t test, one-way ANOVA and the independent-samples t test were used for statistical analysis. Finally, we also used structural equation models to analyze the relationship between landscape perception and recovery. (1) The restoration effect and perception of forest recreation spaces on people are influenced by space types and seasonal factors. (2) People's restoration from forest environments is a gradual process from spatial cognition to emotional response. (3) The perception of the natural attributes and form of the recreation space plays a key role in the restorative effect of the environment to people, while the natural form is more important in spring than autumn. Based on the above conclusions, we suggest that the characteristic factors of the landscape environment and their different restoration effects for users in different dimensions should be considered when planning forest recreation space.

Engagement in initiation, response, and feedback in L2 classroom interactions

Engagement in the L2 classroom is consequential for enhancing the quality of L2 learning experiences; however, the exploration of engagement in the Initiation, Response, and Feedback (IRF) cycles has received scant attention in L2 pedagogy. This study reports on research, examining engagement in Initiation, Response, and Feedback moves in the IRF cycles. Video recordings and questionnaires were used to collect data from ten EFL classes, being directed by eight teachers, with 73 learners. Using a post-interaction questionnaire and conversation analysis of classroom interactions, the analysis of the data revealed 784 triadic cycles out of which 493 moves embodied engagement. The data showed that not only do the Response and Feedback stages afford L2 learners the opportunity to deliberate on Form-focused language-related episodes (F-LREs), Lexis-focused LREs (L-LREs), and Mechanical LREs (M-LREs), but they also promote social and affective engagement. The comments on the questionnaire also revealed a deeper understanding of the participants’ affective engagement. The findings revealed that certain features of the IRF cycles and peers’ contributions encourage engagement during the IRF cycles. The results also demonstrated that scaffolding, mutuality, reciprocity, back-channeling, and commenting on preceding contributions made L2 learners socially engaged. The analysis suggests that the IRF cycles can create ad-hoc chances for engagement in L2 classroom interactions.

INCREASING STUDENT’S INTEREST IN LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH CANVA APPLICATION

Abstract : This study discusses students' interest in learning English subjects using the Canva application as a learning medium used by English teachers at SMA N 2 Batang Anai. This study aims to describe students' interest in learning English subjects using the Canva application as a learning medium. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The participants of this study were 70 students of class I majoring in science at SMA N 2 BATANG ANAI which were determined through purposive sampling technique. This instrument is in the form of observations by taking field notes and video recordings, questionnaires, and interviews. In this study, the researcher collected data by distributing questionnaires via google form and distributing questionnaires to 70 students, as well as recording student activities and conducting interviews with several students. Students' learning interest can be seen through 4 indicators, namely, Happy Feeling (students feel happy in learning), Attention (students' attention in learning), Interest (students' interest in learning) and Student Involment (students are actively involved in the learning process). From the data analysis, the writer can conclude that the use of Canva application as a teacher's media in learning media can increase students' interest in learning and based on the analysis, students' interest in using Canva application as an English learning medium is very high. Keywords: Canva application, Learning media, Learning in interest

PENGARUH EDUKASI SDIDTK MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KADER MELAKUKAN SDIDTK BALITA DI POSYANDU

SDIDTK activities are integrated with posyandu activities. SDIDTK is one of the flagship programs of Puskesmas. This activity was carried out by health workers comprehensively and coordinated manner with cadres oriented to KIA books. This study aims to determine the effect of SDIDTK education using videos and booklets on increasing the ability of cadres to carry out SDIDTK Toddlers at the Posyandu in the Work Area of the Bangko Health Center in 2022.This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with Pretest-Posttest. The variables studied were the knowledge and abilities of cadres. The research population was all cadres in posyandu totaling 71 people with a sample of 42 respondents with one group sample using purposive sampling technique. The instrument uses video media, booklets, questionnaires and checklist sheets. Data analysis used Paired T-test (p &amp;lt; 0.05).The results obtained on the average knowledge score (Pretest Mean 1.67, SD 0.477 and Posttest Mean 2.00, SD 0.000) and on the average ability score (Pretest Mean 1.67, SD 0.477 and Posttest Mean 1.98 , SD 0.154).There is an effect of video and booklet media on knowledge (p= 0.000) and ability (p=0.000). Continuous development and evaluation need to be carried out so that the skills of cadres are good and the performance of the posyandu also increases. Keywords: SDIDTK, Video Media, Booklet Media, Cadre of Posyandu, Knowledge

Utilising Immersive Video Technology to improve Medical Student Education in an Operating Theatre Environment.

Educational opportunities in operating theatres are finite resources, therefore utilising them effectively is essential. Immersive video technology (IVT) may achieve this by exposing students to high-fidelity scenarios. In this study, we describe impact of IVT on student understanding of an orthopaedic procedure, barriers to surgical education, appreciation of theatre logistics and its effect on career aspirations. Purposive sampling was used to recruit UK medical undergraduates. An electronic questionnaire was developed using previous studies in the field. Half of the questionnaire was completed prior to a three-minute video describing a surgical procedure, and the second half of the questionnaire was completed after. The study design allowed researchers to collect paired qualitative data on the impact of IVT on students' subjective understanding of carpal tunnel decompression surgery and interest in surgical careers. Out of 980 contacted, 207 respondents completed the 'pre' and 'post' video questionnaires. Following the video intervention, understanding of operative principles increased from 3.3 ± 0.16 (95% CI:1-7) to 6.1 ± 0.16 (95% CI:3-10, p < 0.0001). 81% of respondents reported they would feel more confident attending a carpal tunnel decompression in theatre post-video, with 60% feeling less apprehensive and 72% stating they would feel more engaged if they were shown a short educational video beforehand. Interest in pursuing a career in surgery increased from 3.9 ± 0.30 (95% CI:1-10) before watching the video to 4.2 ± 0.28 (95% CI:1-10, p < 0.0001), post-video. This study supports the use of immersive multimedia to enhance medical education in surgery which may stimulate student interest in surgical careers.

PENGARUH EDUKASI SDIDTK MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KADER MELAKUKAN SDIDTK BALITA DI POSYANDU WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANGKO KABUPATEN MERANGIN TAHUN 2022

&lt;div class="WordSection1"&gt;&lt;p&gt;SDIDTK activities are integrated with posyandu activities. SDIDTK is one of the flagship programs of Puskesmas. This activity was carried out by health workers comprehensively and coordinated manner with cadres oriented to KIA books. This study aims to determine the effect of SDIDTK education using videos and booklets on increasing the ability of cadres to carry out SDIDTK Toddlers at the Posyandu in the Work Area of the Bangko Health Center in 2022.This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with Pretest-Posttest. The variables studied were the knowledge and abilities of cadres. The research population was all cadres in posyandu totaling 71 people with a sample of 42 respondents with one group sample using purposive sampling technique. The instrument uses video media, booklets, questionnaires and checklist sheets. Data analysis used Paired T-test (p &amp;lt; 0.05).The results obtained on the average knowledge score (Pretest Mean 1.67, SD 0.477 and Posttest Mean 2.00, SD 0.000) and on the average ability score (Pretest Mean 1.67, SD 0.477 and Posttest Mean 1.98 , SD 0.154).There is an effect of video and booklet media on knowledge (p= 0.000) and ability (p=0.000). Continuous development and evaluation need to be carried out so that the skills of cadres are good and the performance of the posyandu also increases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SDIDTK, Video Media, Booklet Media, Cadre of Posyandu, Knowledge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Code-switching for non-native Korean lecturers in teaching Korean as a foreign language for basic and additional level

Although communication is a means of exchanging ideas between people, it can be challenging due to the abundance of synonyms and the evolution of language. The idea is that rather than code-switching, each person needs to have the aptitude and competence to comprehend different kinds of language. This study focuses on the use of code-switching by lecturers in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to find out what types of code-switching were used by lecturers during the learning process, what was the function of using code-switching, and how students perceived the use of code-switching by lecturers in learning activities. This research is based on the awareness that the ability of students to capture learning in the classroom varies. This research is expected to help Korean language learning effectively. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative, with one lecturer and 71 students as respondents. Data in the form of a transcription of the lecturer’s speeches were obtained from four learning video documentation and questionnaires. Three types of code-switching were found in the lecturer's speech at each meeting, namely the tag-switching type, the intra-sentential-switching, and the intersentential-switching. Then there were five functions realized at each meeting, namely referential functions, emotive functions, conative functions, fatigue functions, and metalinguistic functions. Students’ responses to the lecturer’s code-switching, as evidenced in the questionnaires, were generally positive, especially in terms of understanding the materials.

Prevalence and temporal evolution of asthma symptoms in Spain. Global Asthma Network (GAN) study

IntroductionThe temporal evolution of the prevalence of asthma described in the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) in 2002 is unknown, or if the geographical or age differences are maintained in Spain. ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of asthma symptoms in different Spanish geographic areas and compare it with that of those centers that participated in the ISAAC. MethodsCross-sectional study of asthma prevalence, carried out in 2016–2019 with 19,943 adolescents aged 13−14 years and 17,215 schoolchildren aged 6−7 years from 6 Spanish geographical areas (Cartagena, Bilbao, Cantabria, La Coruña, Pamplona and Salamanca). Asthma symptoms were collected using a written questionnaire and video questionnaire according to the Global Asthma Network (GAN) protocol. ResultsThe prevalence of recent wheezing (last 12 months) was 15.3% at 13−14 years and 10.4% at 6−7 years, with variations in adolescents, from 19% in Bilbao to 10.2% in Cartagena; and in schoolchildren, from 11.7% in Cartagena to 7% in Pamplona. These prevalences were higher than those of the ISAAC (10.6% in adolescents and 9.9% in schoolchildren). 21.3% of adolescents and 12.4% of schoolchildren reported asthma at some time. ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of asthmatic symptoms with an increase in adolescents and a stabilization in Spanish schoolchildren with respect to the ISAAC. Geographic variations in asthma prevalence are not so clearly appreciated, but areas with high prevalences maintain high numbers.

Prevalencia y evolución temporal de síntomas de asma en España. Estudio Global Asthma Network (GAN)

IntroductionThe temporal evolution of the prevalence of asthma described in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) in 2002 is unknown, or if the geographical or age differences are maintained in Spain. ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of asthma symptoms in different Spanish geographical areas and compare it with that of those centers that participated in the ISAAC. MethodsCross-sectional study of asthma prevalence, carried out in 2016–2019 with 19,943 adolescents aged 13–14 years and 17,215 schoolchildren aged 6–7 years from six Spanish geographical areas (Cartagena, Bilbao, Cantabria, La Coruña, Pamplona and Salamanca). Asthma symptoms were collected using a written questionnaire and video questionnaire according to the Global Asthma Network (GAN) protocol. ResultsThe prevalence of recent wheezing (last 12 months) was 15.3% at 13–14 years and 10.4% at 6–7 years, with variations in adolescents, from 19% in Bilbao to 10.2% in Cartagena; and in schoolchildren, from 11.7% in Cartagena to 7% in Pamplona. These prevalences were higher than those of the ISAAC (10.6% in adolescents and 9.9% in schoolchildren). About 21.3% of adolescents and 12.4% of schoolchildren reported asthma at some time. ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of asthmatic symptoms with an increase in adolescents and a stabilization in Spanish schoolchildren with respect to the ISAAC. Geographical variations in asthma prevalence are not so clearly appreciated, but areas with high prevalences maintain high numbers.

Using Noninvasive Depth–Sensors to Quantify Human Productivity Levels in Desk–Related Workspaces

Numerous neuroscientific studies demonstrate the interaction between movement, memory, and environmental conditions. We present a new in–the–field tool that can be used by interior designers, environmental psychologists, and architects to understand and quantify human productivity in desk–related work and study spaces. In this investigation, an interior space, equipped with a new generation of nonintrusive sensors and analytical algorithms synchronously measured multiple individuals and working groups. We tested the hypothesis that a positive correlation exists between stillness and cognitive function associated with self–reported productivity. We explored, which design attributes, Seat Orientation, Zones, Table Crowdedness, and Table Types were associated with statistically significant changes in users’ self–reported productivity and micro–movements. A mathematical model was developed to map a “stillness value” for each person across time, deriving a measurable productivity factor (PF) that could be used to synchronously assess the impact of design features in multiple users. Experiments were conducted over 12 days involving 640 academic students in a semi–enclosed reading/study room within a recently built city public library with extensive views of the waterfront, harbor, and bay. Three–dimensional depth–cameras anonymously measured head and body movement while subjects worked and completed productivity surveys. Methods were validated using video recordings, sensor data, questionnaires, and observations. The results showed the PF was significantly correlated to the time spent in different Zones and was greatest at Seat Orientations furthest away from walk–through traffic and in Zones with the highest exposure to the window wall and views. Users in these settings experienced a higher and longer–lasting PF during the high–performance phase of their stay.