Video Goggles Research Articles

Neural correlates of virtual reality-based attention training: An fMRI study

Theoretical backgroundVirtual Reality technology is increasingly used in attention rehabilitation for functional training purposes. However, the neural mechanisms by which Virtual Reality can affect attentional functioning are still unclear. The current study's objective is to examine the effects of stereoscopic vs. monoscopic presentation on neural processing during a visual attention task. MethodThirty-two healthy participants performed a visual attention task in an immersive virtual environment that was displayed via MR-compatible video goggles in an MRI scanner. The paradigm altered between trials that required active engagement with the task and mere observation trials. Furthermore, the form of binocular presentation switched between monoscopic and stereoscopic presentation. ResultsAnalyses yielded evidence for increased activation in stereoscopic compared to monoscopic trials in the tertiary visual cortex area V3A as well as elevated activation in the dorsal attention network when engaging in the attention task. An additional ROI analysis of area V3A revealed significantly lower attentional engagement costs in stereoscopic conditions. DiscussionResults support previous findings suggesting that V3A is involved in binocular depth perception. Furthermore, heightened activation in V3A following stereoscopic presentation seemed to facilitate attentional engagement with the task. Considering that V3A is the origin of the dorso-dorsal, ventro-dorsal, and ventral visual processing pathways, we regard it as a gating area that decides which kind of visual perception is processed.

Role of Videonystagmography in Patients of BPPV

Videonystagmography (VNG) is a complete diagnostic system for recording, analyzing, and reporting eye movements using video imaging technology, in which hi-tech video goggles with infrared cameras are used. VNG includes a series of tests used to determine whether a vestibular disease may be causing a balance or dizziness problem; VNG can differentiate between a central and a peripheral vestibular lesion, and, if peripheral, it can decipher between unilateral and bilateral vestibular loss. VNG addresses the functionality of each ear

A novel diagnostic method for myasthenia gravis.

Videonystagmography (VNG) which directly records eye movements using infrared video goggles with mini-cameras, is used to measure nystagmus. Our aim is to explore whether VNG can be used to detect a decrement in the extraocular muscle (EOM) activity of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Thirty-four patients with MG, including 13 with ocular-predominant and 21 with generalized MG, and 23 healthy controls participated. Using VNG we recorded the velocity of the eye movements of the patients as they followed a moving target. We then calculated the gain by dividing the eye movement velocity (degrees/second) by the target velocity (degrees/second). In MG subjects, the mean initial gain (maximum gain) was 1.23 ± 0.31 (range: 0.63-2.15) for the right eye and 1.22 ± 0.37 (range; 0.60-2.28) for the left eye. The mean minimum gain was 0.11 ± 0.12 (0.01-0.58) for the right and 0.14 ± 0.5 (0.02-0.55) for the left. Due to fatigue, the movement gain was reduced by 91.7% in the right eye and 88.2% in the left eye. After reaching minimum velocity, gain remained at a minimum for a mean of 1.08 ± 0.52 (0.3-2.4) s for the right and 1.49 ± 0.85 (0.4-3.6) s for the left, before the velocity increased again. There was no fatigue-induced decrement in healthy subjects. Our study documents a decrement in EOM activity recorded by VNG in patients with MG which begins to improve within 1-2 s after reaching minimum velocity, analogous to traditional low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation testing and its U-shaped pattern. Thus, VNG may be a promising diagnostic test for MG.

Does vestibulo-ocular reflex gain measured by video head impulse test decrease with age?

<p class="abstract"><strong>Backgrounds:</strong> The Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) is used to test the function of each of the six semicircular canals. Each semicircular canal is tested by measuring eye rotation in response to head movements in the plane of the canal and is calculated as the Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain. The aims of the study were firstly, to determine age-dependent normative values of VOR gain for the vHIT of semicircular canal function in healthy Asian subjects in each decade year of life. Secondly, to investigate if vHIT measured VOR gain decreases with age.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study of 60 healthy voluntary community-dwelling subjects, between 21 to 80 years of age. Subjects with prior history of vertigo were excluded. vHIT was conducted on each subject and analysed with the Interacoustics (EyeSeeCam) video goggles by the senior audiologist. The VOR gain for all six semicircular canals were calculated for each subject.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) vHIT (VOR) gain of all the 6 semicircular canals for the entire population were 1.18 (0.19). The mean of the VOR gain for each of the six semicircular canals were analysed to develop a normative guide. The mean VOR gain per decade year did not vary significantly with age (p=0.417). The correlation between age and mean VOR values was negligible (pearson’s r=0.121).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose that our normative age-dependent data guide be used to improve the differentiation between normal and abnormal values of VOR gain in an Asian population. Our study shows that VOR gain is not associated with aging.</p>

Deep learning based torsional nystagmus detection for dizziness and vertigo diagnosis

Dizziness and vertigo are common clinical symptoms and typical complaints of many vestibular diseases. In the bedside examination of dizziness and vertigo, nystagmus is the most sensitive and specific sign of vestibular lesions. The measurement of nystagmus pattern by infrared video goggle collected in clinic can provide a valuable diagnostic information for dizziness and vertigo. This paper mainly studies the automatic detection of torsional BPPV nystagmus based on deep learning, thus assisting clinicians diagnose dizziness and vertigo conveniently. In order to eliminate the invalid frames from the blinking of patients under observation, a convolutional neural network(ConvNet) based eye movement video condensation approach is proposed. When calibrating the moving pupil in the captured frame sequence, the Hough transform and trajectory tracking based on template matching are well combined to improve the robustness to eyelash occlusion and pupil deformation. In addition, the optical flow field of moving eyeball is exploited to characterize the torsion motion of torsional nystagmus, based on which a Torsion-aware Bi-Stream Identification Network (TBSIN) model is proposed. Furthermore, through label-error correction based on temporal consistency, we can merge multiple continuous torsional frames into torsional nystagmus segments for clinical diagnosis. Experiments are conducted on a clinically collected torsional nystagmus video dataset and promising experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In particular, we achieve 85.73% and 81.00% in view of Accuracy and F1 measurements for frame-level identification, as well as IOU performance 67.45% for final torsional nystagmus segment localization.

Agreement Between Physical Therapists in Diagnosing Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

Individuals with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) are frequently referred to physical therapy for management, but little is known on how reliable therapists are at diagnosing BPPV. The purpose of the study was to examine the agreement between physical therapists in identifying nystagmus and diagnosing BPPV. Thirty-eight individuals with complaints of positional vertigo, 19 from each of 2 clinics (clinics 1 and 2) that specialize in vestibular rehabilitation, had eye movements recorded using video goggles during positioning tests including supine-to-sit, supine roll, and Dix-Hallpike tests. Three therapists from each of the clinics independently observed videos, documented nystagmus characteristics of each testing position, and made a diagnosis for each case. Kappa (κ) statistics were calculated between therapists within each clinic for nystagmus identification and diagnosis. Clinic 1 therapists demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement in identifying nystagmus during positional tests (κ = 0.68-1, P < 0.005). Clinic 2 therapists showed moderate to almost perfect agreement for presence of nystagmus (κ = 0.57-1, P < 0.005). Therapists at both sites had almost perfect agreement of diagnosis side, canal, and mechanism (κ = 0.81-1, P < 0.005). Therapists utilized observations from multiple positional tests to determine diagnoses. This was evident by occasional disagreement in nystagmus presence and characteristics, but agreement in diagnosis, including ruling out BPPV. The results may not be generalizable to all physical therapists or therapists' ability to diagnose central and atypical nystagmus presentations. Experienced physical therapists demonstrated strong agreement in diagnosing common forms of BPPV.Video Abstract available for more insight from the authors (see the Video Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A340).

Implementation of a visual feedback system for motion management during radiation therapy.

To describe the details of an in-house video goggles feedback system assembled from several commercially available components. The objective of this paper is to share our experience with this system, provide details on the equipment needed, system assembly, patient set up and user settings on some components. The system consisted of goggles (FPView3DHD, ITV, USA), RJ45(Registered Jack) to Digital Visual Interface (DVI) converter (Tripplite), DVI to HDMI converters, Local Area Network(LAN) cable, HDMI and power extender cables. The video coaching system was implemented both in CT simulator (GE Discovery)) and in treatment delivery machine True Beam v2.1 Varian Medical Systems (VMS, Palo Alto), which was integrated with respiratory motion management (RPM V 1.7.5) system. The video feedback system is in clinical use since Aug 2017, so far, we have treated 13 patients, with approximately 150 fractions. The performance of the device was found to be satisfactory. All the patients were coached for DIBH and the usage of the goggles, which includes wearing the goggles, display details of the monitor, and the threshold levels of the breathing wave cycle. The patients understand the instructions very well and hence regulate the breathing cycle, which improves the treatment accuracy and efficiency. Video feedback system for motion management, for patients undergoing radiotherapy was implemented successfully both in CT simulator and in linear accelerator.

Impulse Classification Network for Video Head Impulse Test.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a dynamic system of the human brain that helps to maintain balance and to stabilize vision during head movement. The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a clinical test that uses lightweight, high-speed video goggles to examine the VOR function by calculating the ratio of eye-movement to head-movement velocities. The main problem with a patient's vHIT is that data coming from the goggles may have artifacts and other noise. This paper proposes an impulse classification network (ICN) using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network that can detect noisy data and classify human VOR impulses. Our ICN found actual classes of a patient's impulses with 95% accuracy.Clinical Relevance-ICN is a high-performance classification method that works on a patient's vHIT impulse data by identifying abnormalities and artifacts. This method is an advanced clinical decision support system that can help doctors quickly make decisions.

Under-canopy UAV laser scanning for accurate forest field measurements

Surveying and robotic technologies are converging, offering great potential for robotic-assisted data collection and support for labour intensive surveying activities. From a forest monitoring perspective, there are several technological and operational aspects to address concerning under-canopy flying unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV). To demonstrate this emerging technology, we investigated tree detection and stem curve estimation using laser scanning data obtained with an under-canopy flying UAV. To this end, we mounted a Kaarta Stencil-1 laser scanner with an integrated simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system on board an UAV that was manually piloted with the help of video goggles receiving a live video feed from the onboard camera of the UAV. Using the under-canopy flying UAV, we collected SLAM-corrected point cloud data in a boreal forest on two 32 m × 32 m test sites that were characterized as sparse (n = 42 trees) and obstructed (n = 43 trees), respectively. Novel data processing algorithms were applied for the point clouds in order to detect the stems of individual trees and to extract their stem curves and diameters at breast height (DBH). The estimated tree attributes were compared against highly accurate field reference data that was acquired semi-manually with a multi-scan terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The proposed method succeeded in detecting 93% of the stems in the sparse plot and 84% of the stems in the obstructed plot. In the sparse plot, the DBH and stem curve estimates had a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.60 cm (2.2%) and 1.2 cm (5.0%), respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the obstructed plot were 0.92 cm (3.1%) and 1.4 cm (5.2%). By combining the stem curves extracted from the under-canopy UAV laser scanning data with tree heights derived from above-canopy UAV laser scanning data, we computed stem volumes for the detected trees with a relative RMSE of 10.1% in both plots. Thus, the combination of under-canopy and above-canopy UAV laser scanning allowed us to extract the stem volumes with an accuracy comparable to the past best studies based on TLS in boreal forest conditions. Since the stems of several spruces located on the test sites suffered from severe occlusion and could not be detected with the stem-based method, we developed a separate work flow capable of detecting trees with occluded stems. The proposed work flow enabled us to detect 98% of trees in the sparse plot and 93% of the trees in the obstructed plot with a 100% correction level in both plots. A key benefit provided by the under-canopy UAV laser scanner is the short period of time required for data collection, currently demonstrated to be much faster than the time required for field measurements and TLS. The quality of the measurements acquired with the under-canopy flying UAV combined with the demonstrated efficiency indicates operational potential for supporting fast and accurate forest resource inventories.

Impact of Breath-Hold Level but Not Variation on Positional Shift in Hepatobiliary Radiotherapy with Breath-Hold Respiratory Control

Respiratory motion management for patients with hepatobiliary cancers remains a challenge in the positioning precision for radiotherapy. Breath-hold technique provides more accurate treatment, but the procedure demands much coordination of body exercise. This study was aimed to investigate whether the breath-hold stability or body-related factors determined the positional shifts in patients undergoing radiotherapy under a rigorous breath-hold control. Spirometric motion management system (SDXTM) which comprises spirometer with video goggles for the voluntary breath hold was used in a total of 59 patients with hepatobiliary cancers undergoing radiotherapy. Among them, 31 patients were excluded for no intrahepatic markers as the alignment references. The remaining 28 patients with either stent or embolized materials were included in this study. The deep-inspiration breath-hold level (BHL) was practiced to determine baseline BHL at simulation. The rigorous protocol required each breath-hold deviation within 0.1 liter (L) of baseline BHL during radiotherapy. The BHL variation (ΔBHL) was defined as the standard deviation of differences between actual BHLs and baseline BHL. Mean BHL was defined as the average of each patient’s BHLs in treatment. Patients were divided into two groups by mean BHL or ΔBHL to compare the positional shifts. The kV-orthogonal images by on-board imaging system were analyzed for the positional shifts with biliary stent or embolizing lipiodol close to the tumor in anterior-posterior (AP), cranial-caudal (CC), and right-left (RL) directions. Body weight and height of patients were measured on the simulation day. Patients using SDX system maintained a median breath-hold duration of 30 seconds (range: 25-40) and a median BHL of 1.39 L (range: 0.76-2.08). Under the rigorous protocol for breath-hold precision, the positional shifts between the two groups by ΔBHL (<0.03 or >0.03) showed no significant difference in all directions (AP: -0.026 cm vs -0.07 cm, p=0.66; CC: -0.067 cm vs -0.102 cm, p=0.81; RL: 0.048 cm vs 0.033 cm, p＝0.88). In contrast, the comparison between patients with small (<1.4 L) and large mean BHL (>1.4 L) revealed the significant differences in height (161.6 cm vs 167.6 cm, p=0.03), weight (57.4 kg vs 67.1 kg, p=0.02), and the positional shift in CC direction (+0.09 cm [cranially] vs -0.26 cm [caudally], p=0.01). Actual BHL but not breath-hold precision (variation) was associated with the positional errors under rigorous breath-hold protocol. Patients with lower body weight and height had smaller BHL and the cranial positional shift, significantly different from patients with larger BHL and caudal shift. The findings indicate body-specific BHL plays a more crucial role in positional error with SDXTM system.

Perioperative vestibular assessment and testing

Vestibular disorders can be difficult to accurately diagnose and manage. A careful history and focused physical examination are typically adequate to establish a diagnosis and initiate medical treatment. Vestibular testing is an important component of the work-up, but it is particularly essential for patients being considered for surgical intervention for a vestibular disorder, where the testing can be used to more definitively confirm a suspected diagnosis and to determine baseline vestibular organ function. In this article, we will first briefly review key components of the history and physical examination of patients with vestibular complaints. We will then discuss the most commonly used vestibular tests and their role in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing vestibular surgery, including nystagmography, caloric testing, rotary chair testing, video head impulse testing, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.

Transnasal Endoscopy in Unsedated Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Using Virtual Reality Video Goggles

Evaluation and treatment of children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) requires serial endoscopic, visual, and histologic assessment by sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Unsedated transnasal endoscopy (TNE) was reported to be successful in a pilot study of children. We evaluated video goggle and virtual reality-based unsedated TNE in children with EoE, collecting data on rates of completion, adverse events, and adequacy of visual and histologic findings. We performed a retrospective study of 190 children and young adults (age, 3-22 y) who underwent video goggle or virtual reality-based unsedated TNE from January 2015 through February 2018. We analyzed data on patient demographics, procedure completion, endoscope type, adverse events, visual and histologic findings, estimated costs, and duration in the facility. Esophageal biopsies from the first 173 subjects who underwent TNE were compared with those from previous EGD evaluations. During 300 attempts, 294 TNEs were performed (98% rate of success). Fifty-four patients (age, 6-18 y) underwent multiple TNEs for dietary or medical management of EoE. There were no significant adverse events. Visual and histologic findings were adequate for assessment of EoE. TNE reduced costs by 53.4% compared with EGD (TNE $4393.00 vs EGD $9444.33). TNE was used increasingly from 2015 through 2017, comprising 31.8% of endoscopies performed for EoE. The total time spent in the clinic (front desk check-in to check-out) in 2018 was 71 minutes. In a retrospective study of 190 children and young adults (age, 3-22 y) who underwent video goggle or virtual reality-based unsedated TNE, TNE was safe and effective and reduced costs of EoE monitoring. Advantages of TNE include reduced risk and cost associated with anesthesia as well as decreased in-office time, which is of particular relevance for patients with EoE, who require serial EGDs.

Vestibular and oculomotor function in children with CP: Descriptive study

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe vestibular/oculomotor function of 7–12-year-old children with CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels (I-III), in comparison to an age-matched control group to understand the effect of the vestibular system on activities and participation of children with CP. MethodsVestibular, oculomotor and balance function were tested in children with CP. Central and peripheral vestibular function was examined using an enclosed rotary chair and infrared video goggles (100 Hz) that measured eye movements. Oculomotor tests included smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) tests, done in complete darkness, included step rotation (STEP), sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) test, VOR cancellation and enhancement, and subjective visual vertical and horizontal (SVV/SVH). The integrity of the saccule was tested with the Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential. If able, the participants' balance abilities were examined using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) to determine ability to maintain standing balance during six conditions that challenged the visual, somatosensory and vestibular systems. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare results between groups. ResultsForty-one children with CP (mean age = 9.44 years, SD = 1.66; 23F/18M; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels: I (n = 19), II (n = 7), III (n = 15) and thirty-three typically developing (TD) children (mean age = 10.16 years, SD = 1.6; 13F/20M) were recruited from the Birmingham, AL community. There was no significant difference between children with CP and TD children in saccular function (i.e. C-VEMP test), and peripheral vestibular end organ (i.e. SHA test and STEP test), VOR enhancement, or OKN gain. Velocity gain for horizontal smooth pursuit was significantly worse in children with CP (p = 0.009), compared to TD children. Poor mediation of central vestibular function were that evident with significantly higher VOR cancellation gain in children with CP (p < 0.0001), compared to TD children and significantly higher SVV variance (p = 0.002), SVH mean (p = 0.001), and SVH variance (p < 0.0001) in children with CP compared to TD children. Compromised balance abilities in children with CP was evident with significantly lower composite scores (p < 0.0001), vestibular ratio (p < 0.0001), and visual ratio (p = 0.021). The somatosensory ratio (p = 0.798) of children with CP was similar to children with TD. ConclusionsAlthough peripheral vestibular function was intact, children with CP had difficulty coupling eye and head movement (VOR cancellation), using the vestibular system for postural control (SOT), demonstrated poor perception of upright (SVV/SVH), and had difficulty following a slow moving target (smooth pursuit eye movement). These results implicate a central vestibular and oculomotor function impairment the severity of which corresponded with severity of the level of CP.

Effects of image brightness and contrast dynamic altering stimuli (DAS) when viewing video content on ocular blood flow

Background/AimBlood flow deficiencies of the retinal and retrobulbar circulations have been previously reported in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and other eye diseases. Herein we investigated the effects of image brightness and...

Treatment of a 25-year-old female with severe motion sickness, positional dizziness, and anxiety using a novel sensorimotor and vestibular rehabilitative approach.

Event Abstract Back to Event Treatment of a 25-year-old female with severe motion sickness, positional dizziness, and anxiety using a novel sensorimotor and vestibular rehabilitative approach. Marc C. Case1* 1 Case Chiropractic Neurology Center, United States Presentation Motion sickness is a very common condition with myriad associated symptoms and triggers. Patients presenting with motion sickness should undergo extensive history and examination to determine most relevant causative components to their symptomatology, allowing appropriate diagnosis and treatment. A 25-year-old female patient presents to our clinic with long-standing history of severe motion sickness, positional dizziness, and anxiety. Examination Clinical infrared video goggle assessment revealed bilateral square wave jerks, hypermetric rightward saccades, left eye accommodation spasm, left lateral and left vertical gaze fixation instability, right eye accommodation spasm upon return to center from right horizontal gaze fixation, and hippus bilaterally. Force plate posturography revealed an average baseline center of pressure (COP) path length of 40cm during Fall Risk Assessment (FRA) on a firm surface with eyes closed, indicating a high fall risk, and a baseline composite COP path length of 177cm during modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB). Heart rate sit to stand measured 81 BPM seated to 93 BPM standing right, and 83 BPM seated to 97 BPM standing left. Tissue oxygenation saturation measured 96% bilaterally. Neurological examination revealed saccadic rightward pursuits, saccadic vertical pursuits, hypermetric leftward saccades, slight right palatal paresis, mild palmar hyperhidrosis bilaterally, hypermetria with right finger to nose, dysdiadochokinesia of the right upper extremity, right glossal deviation, and fasciculations of the left posterior deltoid and bilateral cervical spinal musculature with eyes closed standing on firm surface. Intervention Due to time restrictions, the patient was only able to be seen for two treatments in a single day. A brain-based, multimodal treatment approach included vestibular rehabilitation maneuvers, vestibular-ocular re-training, individualized eye movement therapies, sensorimotor integrative therapies, and specific at-home neurologic exercises. Re-examination was performed following treatments. Repeat force plate posturography revealed an average baseline COP path length of 20cm during FRA on firm surface eyes closed, indicating a low fall risk (50% improvement) and a baseline composite COP path length of 115cm during mCTSIB (62cm improvement). At the 6 week follow-up, the patient reported a maintained significant reduction in frequency and severity of motion sickness and anxiety, with complete resolution of positional dizziness. Conclusion A 25-year-old female with severe motion sickness, anxiety, and positional dizziness sees immediate, significant, and lasting results within a single-day, 2-treatment clinical timeframe. This case study reveals a hopeful and conservative approach to treatment of chronic motion sickness and associated symptoms. Further investigation is warranted for interventions involving brain-based, multimodal therapies for motion sickness, positional dizziness and anxiety. Figure 1 Figure 2 Keywords: Motion Sickness, Anxiety, Dizziness, vestibular rehabilitaiton, sensorimotor Conference: International Symposium on Clinical Neuroscience, Orlando, United States, 24 May - 26 May, 2019. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Clinical Neuroscience Citation: Case MC (2019). Treatment of a 25-year-old female with severe motion sickness, positional dizziness, and anxiety using a novel sensorimotor and vestibular rehabilitative approach.. Front. Neurol. Conference Abstract: International Symposium on Clinical Neuroscience. doi: 10.3389/conf.fneur.2019.62.00046 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 02 Apr 2019; Published Online: 27 Sep 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Marc C Case, Case Chiropractic Neurology Center, St. Marys, United States, marc.case15@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Marc C Case Google Marc C Case Google Scholar Marc C Case PubMed Marc C Case Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. 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Treatment of a 13-year-old female diagnosed with visual processing disorder, dysautonomia, anxiety, and neck pain using a conservative functional neurological and chiropractic approach.

Treatment of a 13-year-old female diagnosed with visual processing disorder, dysautonomia, anxiety, and neck pain using a conservative functional neurological and chiropractic approach.

The cartographic imagination in Spanish and Latin American documentaries: technological, social and physical mapping across the Hispanic Atlantic

‘When we were invited to the University of Cali, we tracked down Colombia with Google Earth in order to plan the journey. But almost the whole country is blurry: it is covered by strange clouds or low resolution images of the jungle. Nothing of what was going on in Colombia could be tracked down over a satellite, so we asked the students to put together a collective film, shooting what each one of them considered it was essential to rescue from invisibility.’ This statement opens the video Goggle Earth 1.0. Cali (Isa Campo and Isaki Lacuesta, 2009), and synthesizes the four issues we wish to raise in this essay. First we explore the connection between maps and the spaces they represent, attending to the power dynamics and social interactions that underlay any geographical representation. Second we attend to the ability of cinema to connect these two spatial spheres, both the imaginary (cartographic) and the physical (real). Third we would like to highlight the collaborative, pragmatic and performative possibilities of contemporary documentary, in which the differences between the subjects being filmed and the filmmakers blur and give birth to new forms of agency, empowerment and affective relationships. Fourth we wish to locate these enterprises in the context of artistic and film practices that cross over the Hispanic Atlantic. Understood as a plural geocultural spatial container of colonial and modern experiences and of a common history, the Hispanic Atlantic gains new meaning in a global geo-coded world.1 In short, this intervention aims to reclaim the importance of the spatial turn for studies of Latin American and Spanish documentaries.2 Departing from what Tom Conley has identified as ‘cartographic cinema’,3 our essay moves from close readings of the presence of maps in recent Hispanic-American documentaries to a more metaphoric and non-representational understanding of the issues presented in these films. We believe that the way the films imagine and materialize the relations between the cartographic and the social allows us to find new and creative approaches to mapping the deep histories of knowledge, power and national identity that run across the cinemas of the Hispanic Atlantic. Our main goal is to vindicate these cartographic documentaries as tokens of ‘the social life of maps’. That is, we claim that the films studied here understand maps as being the result of interactions between a social group, a technology and a geographical space. Therefore the focus shifts from the scientific and institutional purpose of maps to the social struggle of individuals and collectives to define their own ‘sociospatial relations and how they are represented’,4 a goal that prolongs the region’s long commitment to social and political engagement through documentary film practices.

Home particle repositioning maneuver to prevent the recurrence of posterior canal BPPV

ObjectiveTo check the value of home particle repositioning maneuver in the prevention of the recurrence of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (pc-BPPV). MethodsIn this study, patients diagnosed as unilateral posterior canal BPPV were selected following an accurate evaluation using video goggle VNG system. All patients were managed by particle repositioning maneuver (PRM). Patients were instructed to do home PRM once weekly for five years. Then, they were divided into two groups (according to choice of patient to do PRM). The first group (control group) consisted of 144 patients who did not do home PRM; whereas the second group (study group) included 165 patients who performed home PRM. All patients (control & study groups) were followed up every four months for five years. ResultsThe study found out that the recurrence rate of pc-BPPV in control group was 33 patients in the first year (27.2%), 11 patients in second year (9%), 5 patients in third year (4%), 3 patients in fourth year (2.5%) and 3 patients in fifth year (2.5%). The recurrence of pc-BPPV in the treated side (study group) of patients was reported as 5 patients in the first year (3.5%), 3 patients in the second year (2%), 2 patients in the third year (1.4%), 2 patients in the fourth year (1.4%), and 1 patient in the fifth year (0.7%). There was statistically significant difference between the control and the study groups regarding the recurrence rates in the first year follow up which was the highest in first four months. ConclusionHome particle repositioning maneuver has the capacity to prevent the recurrence of pc-BPPV. It proved to be more successful and functional in minimizing the recurrence of the disease in the study than in the control group. Hence, home particle repositioning maneuver is highly recommended for one year at least in pc-BPPV.

Preparing Your Pediatric Patients and Their Families for the Operating Room: Reducing Fear of the Unknown.

1. Adam C. Adler, MS, MD*,‡ 2. Stephanie Leung, BS, CCLS† 3. Benjamin H. Lee, MD*,‡ 4. Scott R. Dubow, MD§ 1. *Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and 2. †Department of Child Life, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 3. ‡Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 4. §Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA * Abbreviations: BiPAP: : bilevel positive airway pressure CLS: : child life specialist CPAP: : continuous positive airway pressure DEA: : Drug Enforcement Administration IV: : intravenous MRI: : magnetic resonance imaging OSA: : obstructive sleep apnea Clinicians should: identify the resources available to patients and families to allow for a smooth perioperative experience; understand the long-term effects and potential maladaptive changes associated with an anxiety-provoking perioperative period; understand the most common parental and patient concerns and misconceptions regarding surgery; understand the most common and up-to-date perioperative anesthesia practices; understand the indication for referral to the preoperative anesthesia clinic for patient evaluation to avoid unnecessary cancellation. Pediatricians are often tasked with preparing children and their families for the preoperative period and dealing with questions related to postoperative issues and concerns. Instruction based on current practice and new research and techniques may help patients and families cope with the stressors of surgery. Determining which patients may benefit from a medical or child life preoperative visit is of crucial importance. After completing this article, the reader should be able to: 1. Describe common preoperative anesthesia practice. 2. Recognize the role of a child life specialist in preparing children for surgery. 3. Differentiate children who would benefit from a preoperative anesthesia and/or child life evaluation. 4. Instruct patients and families on issues related to the perioperative period. 5. Address a wide array of parental concerns regarding surgery, anesthesia, and postoperative pain management. The period of time surrounding a planned surgical procedure can be tumultuous and anxiety provoking for both pediatric patients and their parents. The “mysterious place” that is the operating room often remains a mystery to many health care providers, including those tasked with caring for patients both before and after a procedure. As the health care provider most familiar to patients and their families, the pediatrician is in a …

Virtual Reality Game Education to Learn Traffic Regulation

Abstract – Traffic accident has become number 3 of children death cause in the world according to WHO[1]. Traffic accident that involve children often caused by their own by breaking the law or regulation. Therefor education about traffic regulation and law including traffic sign and its meaning must be given to children early. Because education means process to change a person or a group attitude and behavior in order to make them mature through teaching and training [2]. One of them that can be used is digital media. One of interactive digital media is digital game, various form of digital game start from 2D, 2.5D, 3D with many point of view and new technology. VR (Virtual Reality) as new digital media where alternate reality exist to test various theory without any real consequences, according to Greenbaum “Virtual Reality is an alternate world filled with computer-generated images that respond to human movements. These simulated environments are usually visited with the aid of an expensive data suit which features stereophonic video goggles and fiber-optic data gloves”[3]. Greenbaum statement before were make VR suitable to test traffic law and regulation and educate kid to obey the traffic sign and regulation without real consequences from real world. This Journal contain the result of using virtual reality as traffic regulation education media. Education material that arranged consisting traffic sign that appear on the road and safety riding gear. Keywords – Virtual Reality, Traffic sign, Road traffic, children, education