Video File Formats Research Articles

V-Mail: 3D-Enabled Correspondence About Spatial Data on (Almost) All Your Devices.

We present V-Mail, a framework of cross-platform applications, interactive techniques, and communication protocols for improved multi-person correspondence about spatial 3D datasets. Inspired by the daily use of e-mail, V-Mail seeks to enable a similar style of rapid, multi-person communication accessible on any device; however, it aims to do this in the new context of spatial 3D communication, where limited access to 3D graphics hardware typically prevents such communication. The approach integrates visual data storytelling with data exploration, spatial annotations, and animated transitions. V-Mail "data stories" are exported in a standard video file format to establish a common baseline level of access on (almost) any device. The V-Mail framework also includes a series of complementary client applications and plugins that enable different degrees of story co-authoring and data exploration, adjusted automatically to match the capabilities of various devices. A lightweight, phone-based V-Mail app makes it possible to annotate data by adding captions to the video. These spatial annotations are then immediately accessible to team members running high-end 3D graphics visualization systems that also include a V-Mail client, implemented as a plugin. Results and evaluation from applying V-Mail to assist communication within an interdisciplinary science team studying Antarctic ice sheets confirm the utility of the asynchronous, cross-platform collaborative framework while also highlighting some current limitations and opportunities for future work.

Construction of an Emotional Image of a Person Based on the Analysis of Key Points in Consecutive Frames of a Video Sequence

The work is devoted to the development of an algorithm for classifying human behavior in the context of detecting the truthfulness or falsity of statements presented in video file format. The analysis of the video file was carried out within the time window, in which both changes in the micromotility of the facial muscles and speech signs were analyzed. In our case, facial expressions are represented by a mathematical representation in the form of a vector containing the necessary digital information about the state of the face, which is characterized by the positions of special points (key points of the nose, eyebrows, eyes, eyelids, etc.). The mimic vector is formed as a result of training non-linear models. The speech characterizing vector is formed on the basis of the heuristic characteristics of the audio signal. The temporal aggregation of vectors for the final classification of behavior is performed by a separate neural network. The paper presents the results of the accuracy and speed of the algorithm, which show that the new approach is competitive with respect to existing methods.

Python programming code for stellar photometry in astrophysics teaching on a cloud computing service

Nowadays, there is various software used for both education and astronomy research. For photometry, licensed software and high-performance computer operating systems are required, which is a fund limitation for some schools in Thailand. Thus, in this article, we develop and present the Demonstration Photometry Scripts for Astrophysics Teaching (DPSAT version 1.0). The program is designed to work on cloud computing services via internet browsers to avoid hardware and operation requirement pain points. The DPSAT is programming on flexible, low-cost, on-trend language, Python, and Jupyter Notebook online editor. In advance, our new code supports the home-use image or video file format, i.e., jpg, png, or mp4. Thus, it will be more accessible for teachers and students who do not have standard astronomical instruments. The DPSAT measures the stellar light intensity from the time-series still-images or video files from a smartphone or other digital devices. The code can extract video files into sequenced still images, then transform the RGB color space images into greyscale. The light intensity signal of selected pixels is counted with a simple aperture method in time series. It shows the results, for example, the mean signal, standard variation, measured signal as light intensity versus time, and image of light sources. This will be fruitful for low-cost and easily accessible teaching of astrophysics subjects.

Analysis of the interaction and offensive network of the Portuguese national team at the 2016 European Football Championship

The aim of this study was to analyse the offensive actions preceding shots, using a combination of pass sequences and network analysis of the Portuguese national football team in the European Championships. The sample consisted in the observation and analysis of 118 collective offensive actions that ended in a shot based on seven European Championships matches (e.g., 3 x group stage matches, 1 x round of 16, 1 x quarter-finals, 1 x semi-finals and 1 x final). The results indicated that 488 intra-team interactions were performed, and the highest level of interactions occurred between player number 10 (midfielder) and player number 7 (forward), with a total of 11 interactions. More passes were made during the group phase (97.3 ± 50.1 passes), compared with the knockout phase (49 ± 23.6 passes), assuming that the team adapted to their rivals during the last phase of the competition. The InStat© platform was used to access the matches in a video file format and consequently coded through the VideObserver® and Upato® software’s. This study demonstrates important trends in relation to passing sequences and adds key insights into interactional context within and between players during a European Championships. On a practical level with this type of analysis, coaches can characterise the standard actions of a team, as well as identify key players. This may allow coaches to realize what players contribute in the dynamics of their team as well as the opponent. Keywords: Network, Football, Match Analysis, VideObserver®, UPato®.

Real Time Implementation of Video Compression Based on DWT

In this paper highly efficient 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform architecture is designed and implemented on seven series FPGA. The throughput is analyzed and its performance matrices are compared with different video file format. Today top of the line high-end image and video consume huge amount of memory. The designed architecture of DWT based video compression is again executed in parallel processing mode and its execution time is tabulated demonstrates reduced the processing or execution time. This paper demonstrates the superiority of the designed architecture both in normal mode of execution and parallel processing mode of execution .We know that higher the throughput of the video processing design results in Low power consumption. The Internal Architecture of the design is explained in brief and is synthesized in Xilinx Vivado 17.4 and implemented on Zed board. Based on the experimental results of the design being implemented on FPGA, demonstrates the memory saving capabilities and superiority of this architecture. The resultant architecture has drastically reduced latency and has enhanced the speed of operation.

Realising a Push Button Modality for Video-Based Forensics

Complexity and sophistication among multimedia-based tools have made it easy for perpetrators to conduct digital crimes such as counterfeiting, modification, and alteration without being detected. It may not be easy to verify the integrity of video content that, for example, has been manipulated digitally. To address this perennial investigative challenge, this paper proposes the integration of a forensically sound push button forensic modality (PBFM) model for the investigation of the MP4 video file format as a step towards automated video forensic investigation. An open-source multimedia forensic tool was developed based on the proposed PBFM model. A comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of the tool against file alteration showed that the tool was capable of identifying falsified files, which satisfied the underlying assertion of the PBFM model. Furthermore, the outcome can be used as a complementary process for enhancing the evidence admissibility of MP4 video for forensic investigation.

Metadata for digital resources in the institutional repositories for electronic theses and dissertations

Abstract: Maintaining a library of essential digital elements requires preserving metadata about those resources, and metadata is extremely necessary for the successful management of any digital entity, and digital resources are more comprehensive and differ from the metadata used to manage print business collections and other physical materials. Institutions create metadata standards or metadata schemes for the purpose of organizing and managing their digital collections and resources of theses and digital presentations that are interoperable, and compatible with their needs, and the distinctive characteristics of their digital resources from electronic theses and dissertations, and in this study we present what is metadata, interoperability of all kinds The various digital theses and dissertations standard, with the metadata standard for the interoperability of theses and e-theses, standards for metadata collection, metadata tables and methods for their implementation, and we stamp with text, image and video file formats, and other formats used in electronic theses and dissertations.

Gender-Based Customer Counting System Using Computer Vision for Retail Stores

The development of modern retail business is gradually getting faster, increasing the level of competition among retailers. The retailers are changing their business strategies to acquire new customers, maintain customer loyalty and improve customer service. One way to indicate the good market performance of a retail shop is to know the number and details of visitors based on gender. The number of visitors in retail shops can be observed by installing CCTV camera. In the existing shop system, CCTV used just for monitoring activities in the retail shop. Therefore, the data from the CCTV camera can be used to calculate the number of visitors based on gender automatically by utilizing computer vision. This study designed a system to count the number of female visitors through video data. The data acquisition process involved 89 people, 41 women and 48 men. The data are stored in .AVI video file format with a resolution of 720×1280 pixels. This system can be divided into three main stages, which are face detection using the Viola-Jones method, feature extraction using Gabor Filter 2D and classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. The result of the study showed that the system can count the number of female and non-female visitors with an accuracy rate of 96.52%. The system performance will be improved by using another feature extraction and classification methods.

Mobile Traffic Warning Signs, Can It Be Applied?

The mobile warning signs is the concept of placement of traffic signs board. The application of mobile warning signs is tested using two standards that consist of legibility distance and glance legibility. The procedure is begun by attaching a camera at the car observer to record the tested car installed with the mobile traffic warning sign. The result of observation will produce a documentation in a video file format. The video then comes into an editing process to trim the parts that point to the legibility distance and glance legibility. The trims of video are given to the respondents. This research uses a mobile phone equipped with Google Maps, iOnRoad Professional, Lollipop Screen Recording and VSDC Video Editor. The result confirms that the respondents’ standard of legibility is fulfilled by the requirement of mobile traffic warning signs which is designed (46x69) cm in board size, 5 cm in letter size and clearview font. This distance affirms the maximum legibility distance of 50 meters within 7 second and minimum legibility distance of 20 meters within any range of time interval. The glance legibility eventually will not affect significantly when the following car moves as the warning sign attached-car does.

A Hybrid Image Steganography Method

This is age of fast communication and data revolution. Huge amount of data is transmitted and received in every second utilizing the current infrastructure. Providing the security and maintaining integrity of the data while it is being transferred through the public channels is a challenging task. Steganography can be used in this purpose by concealing the data inside text, image, audio or video file formats and send the files to the other end. This paper gives an overview of various image steganography methods. To hide secret information in images various steganographic methods are available which have their own pros and cons. In this paper we have discussed the types of image steganography. Here we propose two different image steganography methods using Modified Least Significant Bits (LSB) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) methods. Also, the results are analyzed using different parameters like Peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR), Mean Square Error(MSE) to find out the efficiency of the proposed methods.

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Standard: Overview and Applications

Information security includes picture and video compression and encryption since compressed data is more secure than uncompressed imagery. Another point is that handling data of smaller sizes is simple. Therefore, efficient, secure, and simple data transport methods are created through effective data compression technology. Consequently, there are two different sorts of compression algorithm techniques: lossy compressions and lossless compressions. Any type of data format, including text, audio, video, and picture files, may leverage these technologies. In this procedure, the Least Significant Bit technique is used to encrypt each frame of the video file format to be able to increase security. The primary goals of this procedure are to safeguard the data by encrypting the frames and compressing the video file. Using PSNR to enhance process throughput would also enhance data transmission security while reducing data loss.

Encryption Video Using NTRU and Chaotic Algorithms

The rapid development of most multimedia technologies led to the creation and transmission of much of this type of data in various fields, including medical, military and commercial, which contain sensitive information that can only be accessed by the competent authorities. Because of this, privacy has become vital. Many encryption algorithms have been used to provide security for video transmission. In this paper, NTRU and chaotic algorithms are used for video encryption, which includes sensitive information. The system is designed to encode AVI, WMV, MOV, MP4 and other video file formats. This type of video is encrypted using the NTRU algorithm and decrypted using chaotic algorithm to ensure a high level of strength and security, thus speeding up the encryption process and returning the video to its original location without losing any data. Visual Basic .net 2015 was used to implement this system.

Impact of Video File Format on Quality of Experience (QoE) of Multimedia Content

Video file formats are used to record, play and store videos according to heterogeneous platforms; devices and online streaming on networks vary by speed. Video formats are different codecs and resolution from each other and also vary in display quality and storage size which also differentiate the quality of experience (QoE) of users. This paper presents the subjective QoE of end user’s for different video file format varied according to resolution quality and bitrate. Videos of most popular formats which are used for online streaming was downloaded from YouTube and stored on the local system for play for subjects to perceive the video quality. Subjective QoE experiments were conducted by questionnaires given to subjects to perceive video quality and assign ratings. Results show high ratings for FLV 240P and WebM 360P for low resolution videos where high ratings for the MP4 video for 720P and 2160P high resolutions.

Documento e informação audiovisual: bases conceituais numa perspectiva neodocumentalista

Este trabalho discute a produção do documento e da informação audiovisual em emissoras de televisão a partir da perspectiva neodocumentalista, caracterizada, sobretudo, pela produção de documentos digitais. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sobre os principais conceitos de documento e documentação, com base em teóricos documentalistas que alicerçaram o rigor científico em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. O estudo analisa o construto teórico do neodocumentalismo a fim de entender a sua conceituação e introduzi-lo no seio da produção do documento audiovisual, com destaque para os recursos e as fontes de informação que subsidiam a documentação televisiva. Discorre acerca das dimensões que compõem os documentos audiovisuais: textual, sonora e visual, onde cada elemento possui significado e relevância própria enquanto informação. Contextualiza o ambiente das emissoras de televisão e apresenta os principais suportes físicos e digitais, dentre fitas magnéticas, discos e formatos de vídeo, que compõem os acervos dos centros de imagem. Discute a concepção do documento audiovisual nas empresas televisivas baseado na produção de documentos próprios, externos, primários, secundários e terciários. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de se desenvolverem estudos teórico-epistemológicos nacionais em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, que contemplem as especificidades do documento e da informação audiovisual.

Data Management Rubric for Video Data in Organismal Biology.

SynopsisStandards-based data management facilitates data preservation, discoverability, and access for effective data reuse within research groups and across communities of researchers. Data sharing requires community consensus on standards for data management, such as storage and formats for digital data preservation, metadata (i.e., contextual data about the data) that should be recorded and stored, and data access. Video imaging is a valuable tool for measuring time-varying phenotypes in organismal biology, with particular application for research in functional morphology, comparative biomechanics, and animal behavior. The raw data are the videos, but videos alone are not sufficient for scientific analysis. Nearly endless videos of animals can be found on YouTube and elsewhere on the web, but these videos have little value for scientific analysis because essential metadata such as true frame rate, spatial calibration, genus and species, weight, age, etc. of organisms, are generally unknown. We have embarked on a project to build community consensus on video data management and metadata standards for organismal biology research. We collected input from colleagues at early stages, organized an open workshop, “Establishing Standards for Video Data Management,” at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting in January 2017, and then collected two more rounds of input on revised versions of the standards. The result we present here is a rubric consisting of nine standards for video data management, with three levels within each standard: good, better, and best practices. The nine standards are: (1) data storage; (2) video file formats; (3) metadata linkage; (4) video data and metadata access; (5) contact information and acceptable use; (6) camera settings; (7) organism(s); (8) recording conditions; and (9) subject matter/topic. The first four standards address data preservation and interoperability for sharing, whereas standards 5–9 establish minimum metadata standards for organismal biology video, and suggest additional metadata that may be useful for some studies. This rubric was developed with substantial input from researchers and students, but still should be viewed as a living document that should be further refined and updated as technology and research practices change. The audience for these standards includes researchers, journals, and granting agencies, and also the developers and curators of databases that may contribute to video data sharing efforts. We offer this project as an example of building community consensus for data management, preservation, and sharing standards, which may be useful for future efforts by the organismal biology research community.

Distribusi Pengiriman File Multimedia Secara RealTime dengan Jaringan WAN Frame Relay

Today's communications networks are built using high-speed digital trunks that inherently provide high throughput, minimal relay, and a very low error rate. Such transmission networks supply highly reliable service without the overhead of error control functions. Frame relay is a packet-mode transmission network service that exploits these network characteristics by minimizing the amount of error detection and recovery performed inside the network [1]. In addition, real time network based systems can also minimize the possibility of employees committing fraud resulting in losses for the company. The research was carried out in a service provider video ad impressions company, which has fifteen branches in the islands of Java and Sumatra. The problem is the revenue reporting is not real-time and non-standard video file format ads to each branch. This is because the distribution process with the hard disk media are still using courier services. Based on user demand, it was decided to use the computer network using Frame Relay technology. With the computer network that connects all the branches to the head office, the data updating process can be done in a shorter time than the previous system and will reduce fraud forms of each branch and enable the achievement of a better quality of service to customers.
 Index Terms—Computer Network, Frame Relay

프레임 버퍼를 이용한 매끄러운 멀티미디어 스트리밍 서비스를 지원하는 안드로이드 앱 개발

Existing Android applications for streaming video in real time are dependent on the codec, which composes the encoding function, and the version of Android operating system. Also, for streaming video in real time, most applications should be connected with a separate desktop PC. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a new application, which records and streams video in real time. Specifically, the proposed application uses the flash video file format, which is the common media file format supported by various versions of Android operating system. Through experiments, we show that it is possible for the proposed application to record the video screens more than 20 frames per second and to stream it in real time while using the existing video encoding methods.

Reconstruction of Objects with VSN

By this object reconstruction with feature distribution scheme, efficient processing has to be done on the images received from nodes to reconstruct the image and respond to user query. Object matching methods form the foundation of many state-of-the-art algorithms. Therefore, this feature distribution scheme can be directly applied to several state-of- the-art matching methods with little or no adaptation. The future challenge lies in mapping state-of-the-art matching and reconstruction methods to such a distributed framework. The reconstructed scenes can be converted into a video file format to be displayed as a video, when the user submits the query. This work can be brought into real time by implementing the code on the server side/mobile phone and communicate with several nodes to collect images/objects. This work can be tested in real time with user queryresults.

Development of Android App for Smooth Multimedia Streaming Service via Portable Media File Format

Existing Android applications for streaming video in real time are dependent on the codec, which composes the encoding function, and the version of Android operating system. Also, for streaming video in real time, most applications should be connected with a separate desktop PC. In this paper, we propose a new application, which overcomes these disadvantages and thus, streams video in real time. Specifically, to overcome these disadvantages, the proposed application uses the flash video file format, which is the common media file format supported by various versions of Android operating system. Through experiments, we show that it is possible for the proposed application to stream video in real time while using the existing video encoding methods.

Forensic analysis of video file formats

Video file format standards define only a limited number of mandatory features and leave room for interpretation. Design decisions of device manufacturers and software vendors are thus a fruitful resource for forensic video authentication. This paper explores AVI and MP4-like video streams of mobile phones and digital cameras in detail. We use customized parsers to extract all file format structures of videos from overall 19 digital camera models, 14 mobile phone models, and 6 video editing toolboxes. We report considerable differences in the choice of container formats, audio and video compression algorithms, acquisition parameters, and internal file structure. In combination, such characteristics can help to authenticate digital video files in forensic settings by distinguishing between original and post-processed videos, verifying the purported source of a file, or identifying the true acquisition device model or the processing software used for video processing.