Suicide In Victims Research Articles

Inciting Minors to Commit Suicide Using the Internet

Relevance. In 2015-2017, a wave of exposure of the so–called "death groups" swept through the country – various communities in social networks and other Internet resources, where information related to the suicides of minors was distributed, including calls for the need for such behavior and recommendations on ways to commit suicide. This circumstance prompted the legislator to establish criminal liability for "complicity" in the suicide of a person.The Purpose of this study is to determine the content of inciting minors to commit suicide for the purposes of applying the criminal law.Objectives: to determine the range of crimes consisting in inducing another person to commit suicide; to establish their objective and subjective signs; to analyze qualifying signs; to study the practice of applying the relevant norms.Methodology. In the process of working on the study, traditional private scientific and general scientific methods were used for criminal law research.Results. The author reveals the legal characteristics of these crimes, analyzes judicial practice regarding the qualification of actions aimed at the suicide of other persons, taking into account the modern positions of criminologists. It is indicated that it is necessary to establish a causal relationship between the actions listed in the law and the suicide or suicide attempt of the victim in each criminal case of bringing to suicide. In cases where the investigation or the court fails to establish a direct causal link between, for example, the ill-treatment of the accused and the suicide of the victim, or such a connection is more than not obvious, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of other reasons that prompted the minor to commit suicide. If such reasons are related to the activities of persons who use other methods aimed at the suicide of victims, other than threats, ill-treatment or systematic humiliation of human dignity, then this may constitute a crime under Article 1101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The results of the study can have a positive impact on domestic law, including for the purposes of law enforcement in specific criminal cases.

A new perspective on online malicious comments: effects of attention and neutralization

PurposeToday, online malicious comments are serious issues. They can cause psychological distress and suicide of victims. Although prior studies have focused on the role of anonymity as a major factor in making these comments, results of these studies have been inconsistent. On the other hand, the need for attention from others can provide an alternative explanation for such malicious comments. However, this perspective has been rarely studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of anonymity and need for attention on posting malicious comments online and compare these two factors, resolving dark sides of online interaction.Design/methodology/approachThis study obtained 327 questionnaires of Facebook users through a survey and analyzed the research model using partial least squares (PLS) regression.FindingsResults of this study revealed that the need for attention affected malicious comments through partial mediation of neutralization. On the other hand, anonymity did not significantly affect malicious comments.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has the following academic implications. First, we empirically examined the critical influence of need for attention on making malicious comments online based on the impression management theory. Second, this study revealed that the influence of need for attention on making malicious comments was partially mediated by neutralization. Third, this study may offer an explanation for contradicting findings on the role of anonymity in the phenomenon of posting malicious comments online.Practical implicationsPractical implications of this study are as follows. First, SNS platforms can limit activities of persons who post malicious comments frequently. Second, this study suggests that a notice is needed to inform the seriousness and harmful consequences of malicious comments. Third, Facebook practitioners should be aware that low anonymity may not reduce malicious comments.Originality/valueThis study quantitatively examined the effect of need for attention on malicious comments based on the impression management theory. It provides a fact that individuals who want to attract attention from others would write malicious comments through neutralization.

What bridges the gap between emotional intelligence and suicide risk in victims of bullying? A moderated mediation study

BackgroundRecent research has demonstrated that victims of bullying report serious problems, such as depression, which heighten the risk of suicide. Emotional intelligence (EI) has been increasingly recognized as a protective factor, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relation between EI and suicide risk in victims. This study aimed to test a theoretical model of how EI, depressive symptoms and gender interact to influence suicidal ideation and attempts in a sample of Spanish victims of bullying. MethodsThe sample comprised 465 victims (273 girls) who completed self-report measures of perceived EI, depression and suicide risk. ResultsMediation and moderation analyses were performed using conditional process analysis. Findings showed that EI is a predictor of decreased suicide in victims. This relationship was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this effect was moderated by gender, such that the mediation effect was stronger in girls compared to boys (moderated mediation). LimitationsThe cross-sectional design and the use of self-report instruments. Future research should address the longitudinal relations of these findings. ConclusionsThe promotion of emotional skills could be core to the development of suicide prevention programs in those high-risk adolescents who have suffered from bullying. Furthermore, gender should be taken into consideration, especially with regard to females reporting depressive symptoms related to having been bullied.

High-Coverage Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Candidate Genes for Suicide in Victims with Major Depressive Disorder

We carried out whole-exome ultra-high throughput sequencing in brain samples of suicide victims who had suffered from major depressive disorder and control subjects who had died from other causes. This study aimed to reveal the selective accumulation of rare variants in the coding and the UTR sequences within the genes of suicide victims. We also analysed the potential effect of STR and CNV variations, as well as the infection of the brain with neurovirulent viruses in this behavioural disorder. As a result, we have identified several candidate genes, among others three calcium channel genes that may potentially contribute to completed suicide. We also explored the potential implication of the TGF-β signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that uses whole-exome sequencing for the investigation of suicide.

Cyber-Bullying in India: The Search for a Solution -- Why the Current Law in India is Ill-Equipped

The bully goes beyond the schoolyard and enters the virtual world as minors are subjected to cyber-bullying with the growth of the internet. The suicide of victims of cyber-bullying has raised alarms worldwide. This is an analysis of the Indian law applicable to cyber-bullying in the light of the growth of this menace in India and the rest of the world.

Cyber-Bullying in India: The Search for a Solution - Why the Current Law is Ill-Equipped in the Face of Cyber-Bullying

The bully goes beyond the schoolyard and enters the virtual world as minors are subjected to cyber-bullying with the growth of the internet. The suicide of victims of cyber-bullying has raised alarms worldwide. This is an analysis of the Indian law applicable to cyber-bullying in the light of the growth of this menace in India and the rest of the world.

2042 – Association of methylation status and SNP variation of BDNF and suicide

Introduction Suicide is complex, multifactorial phenomenon, and is an outcome of interplay of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which mediates neural plasticity, different behaviours, and stress response has been associated with stressful life events or childhood adversity in depression and suicidal behaviour in various psychopathologies, and it may as well modulate antidepressant response. Methods We genotyped 600 subjects, suicide victims and controls, for polymorphism Val66Met (rs6265), and performed methylation analysis on 44 subjects. Different subgroups were formed to test impact of specific variables (violent and nonviolent methods, psychiatric disorders, suicide in victims with/without stressful childhood experience) on suicide and genetic component. Results The frequency of the combined Met/Met and Met/Val genotypes and the homozygous Val/Val genotype was significantly different between female suicide victims and controls, between female suicide victims who used violent suicide methods and controls, and between all included suicide victims with or without stressful life events. Postmortem brain samples from suicide subjects showed a statistically significant increase of DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in promoter/exon IV compared with controls. Higher methylation degree corresponded to lower mRNA levels. BDNF promoter/exon IV was frequently hypermethylated in postmortem brain of suicide subjects irrespective of genome-wide methylation levels, indicating that a gene-specific increase in DNA methylation could cause or contribute to the downregulation of BDNF expression in suicide subjects. Conclusions DNA variation and methylation stauts of the BDNF could be very importnant prognistic factors for increased vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, and therefore significant target of future studies.

The association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphism (BDNF Val66Met) and suicide

Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates neural plasticity, mood, different behaviours, and stress response. A functional BDNF polymorphism (BDNF Val66Met) was reported to influence the effects of stressful life events or childhood adversity on depression and suicidal behaviour in various psychopathologies. The study evaluated the association between BDNF Val66Met variants and suicide, committed with violent or non-violent methods, in victims with or without stressful childhood experience. Methods BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped on 560 DNA samples from 359 suicide victims and 201 control subjects collected on autopsy from unrelated Caucasian subjects and subdivided according to gender, method of suicide, and influence of childhood adversity. Results A similar frequency of BDNF Val66Met variants was found between all included suicide victims and the control groups, and also between the male groups. The frequency of the combined Met/Met and Met/Val genotypes and the homozygous Val/Val genotype was significantly different between the female suicide victims and female controls, between the female suicide victims who used violent suicide methods and female controls, and between all included suicide victims with or without stressful life events. The combined Met/Met and Met/Val genotypes contributed to this significance. Limitation A small group of suicide victims with available data on childhood adversity was studied. Conclusions The combined Met/Met and Met/Val genotypes of the BDNF Val66Met variant could be the risk factor for violent suicide in female subjects and for suicide in victims exposed to childhood trauma. These results confirm a major role of BDNF in increased vulnerability to suicide.

Seasonal spring peaks of suicide in victims with and without prior history of hospitalization for mood disorders

Background Seasonal spring peaks of suicide are highly replicated, but their origin is poorly understood. As the peak of suicide in spring could be a consequence of decompensation of mood disorders in spring, we hypothesized that prior history of mood disorders is predictively associated with suicide in spring. Methods We analyzed the monthly rates of suicide based upon all 37,987 suicide cases in the Danish Cause of Death Registry from 1970 to 2001. History of mood disorder was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and socioeconomical data from the Integrated Database for Labour Market Research. The monthly rate ratio of suicide relative to December was estimated using a Poisson regression. Seasonality of suicide between individuals with versus without hospitalization for mood disorders was compared using conditional logistic regression analyses with adjustment for income, marital status, place of residence, and method of suicide. Results A statistically significant spring peak in suicide was observed in both groups. A history of mood disorders was associated with an increased risk of suicide in spring (for males: RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07–1.31; for females: RR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.32). Limitations History of axis II disorders was not analyzed. Danish socioeconomical realities have only limited generalizability. Conclusions The results support the need to further investigate if exacerbation of mood disorders in spring triggers seasonal peaks of suicide. Identifying triggers for seasonal spring peaks in suicide may lead to uncovering novel risk factors and therapeutic targets for suicide prevention.

Elderly suicide: a 10-year retrospective study.

The suicide rate in the 65-year and older age group has been increasing since 1980. The elderly attempt suicide less often than younger people but are successful more often. The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases referred to the Forensic Pathology Section of the Medical Examiners' Office at the Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston, SC) from January 1988 through December 1997. The cases of suicide in victims 65 years and older totaled 78, accounting for 11.5% of all suicides reviewed. Of these 78 cases, 41% were autopsied and 59% were externally examined. All of the cases were initially analyzed as to age, race, sex, and method of suicide. Files also were reviewed to determine time of year of the suicide, toxicology results, psychiatric history, social history, medical history, and whether a suicide note was left. The ages of these suicide victims ranged from 65 to 94 years; men comprised 85% of the victims, and whites, 94%. The male-to-female and white-to-black ratios were 6:1 and 15: 1, respectively. The average age of the victim was 73 years. Gunshot wound was the most common method of suicide, accounting for 80.7% of the cases. Other methods included overdose (6.4%), hanging (3.8%), fall from height (2.6%), incised wounds (2.6%), drowning (2.6%), and carbon monoxide poisoning (1.3%).

Le rachat de l'honneur perdu : Le suicide des femmes dans la Chine du XVIIIe siècle

Redeeming lost honour : female suicide in eighteenth-century China. By their form and content, legal records allow us to apprehend in a more direct way than other sources the life of ordinary people as well as their understanding and perception of the world. In this study, the problem of female honour is examined through a series of cases involving rape or attempted rape, more particularly those that ended with the victim's suicide.

Homicide. Responsibility for Victim's Suicide Following Assault

Homicide. Responsibility for Victim's Suicide Following Assault