Victims Of Domestic Violence Research Articles

Kaitlin N. Sidorsky and Wendy J. Schiller: Inequality Across State Lines: How Policymakers Have Failed Domestic Violence Victims in the United States

Kaitlin N. Sidorsky and Wendy J. Schiller: <i>Inequality Across State Lines: How Policymakers Have Failed Domestic Violence Victims in the United States</i>

Interpersonal Violence and Maxillofacial Injuries: Toward an Active Surveillance Proposal Through the Presentation Profile in Hospital Emergency Services.

To establish a set of variables that define a predictive profile of events of maxillofacial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence, we analyzed sociodemographic variables and clinical characteristics of injuries recorded in three tertiary care hospital centers in Chile. To assess the relation between categories, we applied a multiple correspondence analysis. We identified 567 cases. Two dimensions explained 53.4% of the model. The first dimension was composed of variables related to the severity of the injury: medical-legal prognosis (.574), type of trauma (.511), and the destination of the patient (.332); the second dimension was composed of variables related to the typology of interpersonal violence: type of violence (.398) and sex of the patient (.370). Two profiles were recognized: women, victims of domestic violence, with lesions affecting mainly soft tissues and not requiring hospitalization and men, victims of community violence, with lesions involving fractures associated with greater severity and requiring hospitalization. There are two key dimensions in the diagnosis of maxillofacial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence: severity of the injury and typology of the interpersonal violence. Exploring these predictive profiles can be a useful complement to the current screening tools of violence in clinical practice.

“When things aren't going well at home and at work, it is hard”: What can companies do about domestic violence?

Domestic violence has considerable professional repercussions. Abusive partners isolate victims, damage their self-confidence, belittle them, instill doubt, and create an atmosphere of uncertainty and fear. Such mechanisms of domination, control, and isolation could have consequences for the professional lives of the victims, including absenteeism, decreased performance, and errors. These professional consequences can further isolate the victims because organizational actors, often unaware of or not understanding the domestic violence the victims are experiencing, can hold them accountable for poor work outcomes. This paper reports on action research conducted at EDF, a large French electricity company, and sheds light on the role of the employer in supporting victims of domestic violence, particularly by proposing a set of social and human resources practices that could help the victims escape from abusive situations. However, while it is important for organizations to undertake initiatives in addressing the cases of domestic violence, such involvement remains voluntary and depends on the goodwill of employing organizations. That is what some labor unions wish to change by advocating new professional rights for victims of domestic violence at national levels.

Restrictive measures applied to persons perpetrators of domestic violence: national and foreign experience

The article establishes that in modern conditions, punishment for criminal offenses related to domestic violence, as a traditional measure of a criminal law nature, cannot overcome all challenges in the field of protection of «healthy» family relations which, in turn, actualizes the possibility to apply and other measures of a criminal law nature. In this regard, in 2017 the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine to implement the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence» was adopted, thus in criminal law Ukraine has an institute of restrictive measures.&#x0D; The article provides arguments in favor of attributing restrictive measures as measures of criminal law, not administrative law, and supports the position of the legislator on the legal regulation of their application in the Criminal Code of Ukraine.&#x0D; An attempt was made to determine the significance of the institution of restrictive measures, which, in the author's opinion, is to help prevent the commission of new criminal offenses against the victim of domestic violence; ensuring the educational impact on the offender by providing appropriate assistance within the implementation of the program for offenders or probation program, reducing the latency of relevant criminal offenses.&#x0D; An attempt has been made to study the institution of restrictive measures in some foreign countries, in particular: the USA, Australia, Belgium. The positive experience of which can be implemented by making appropriate changes to the legislation of Ukraine in terms of imposing restrictive measures on persons who commit domestic violence.&#x0D; It is proved that law enforcement practice, it can be said that the law enforcement practice of Ukraine and foreign countries clearly demonstrates that international law is developing through the recognition of state responsibility for domestic violence. Court decisions made in Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights demonstrate that the practice in this category of cases is developing dynamically, and positive foreign experience needs to be implemented in domestic legislation and law enforcement practice. The vector of change should be aimed at the adoption of appropriate general measures by public authorities to counteract the underlying problem and prevent future ill-treatment by offenders.

Growing up in the shadow of domestic violence: Evidence from register data

AbstractChildren who are indirect victims of domestic violence can exhibit the same negative outcomes as children who are direct victims. This study investigated the consequences of children's exposure to domestic violence among parents on a range of children's outcomes: mental health, well‐being, school performance and placement in out‐of‐home care. We used administrative records from full population cohorts of children in Denmark (N = 399 519, born 1997–2003). We examined a target group of children exposed to domestic violence and a comparison group not exposed to it, both groups having similar personal and family backgrounds, including pre‐birth history of family domestic violence. To construct the comparison group, we used propensity score matching. Exposure to domestic violence had a substantial negative impact on academic performance (age 9–15), self‐reported well‐being in school (age 10–15) and also increased the likelihood of being placed in out‐of‐home care (age 9–15) and being diagnosed with post‐traumatic stress disorder (age 9–15). The discounted additional cost (medical and child welfare system) per child indirectly experiencing domestic violence was at least $31 000 (age 0–15). Thus, our results show important adverse effects and suggest that earlier prevention and more preventive social interventions could help reduce the long‐term consequences of childhood exposure to domestic violence.

INADEQUACY OF APPLICATION OF SENTENCING POLICY FOR PERPETRATORS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

The paper addresses the issue of domestic violence in Serbia, with a focus on the judicial treatment of perpetrators of this criminal offense and the position of women as the most common victims. The aim of the paper is to examine whether the judicial treatment is lenient and inadequate, thus violating the principle of equality before the law and jeopardizing the protection of victims and children. The paper relies on quantitative analysis of official statistical data on domestic violence in Serbia over a period of 18 years (2002-2020), obtained from reports of relevant institutions. Additionally, the authors analyze verdicts of the basic courts of the Republic of Serbia using a random sampling method, investigating aspects related to circumstances considered as mitigating factors. The paper demonstrates that a significant number of reports of domestic violence are dismissed or the proceedings are halted, and the sentences imposed are mostly conditional and lenient. The authors conclude that the judicial treatment of domestic violence perpetrators in Serbia is inefficient and discriminatory, leading to inadequate protection of victims and children and the perpetuation of violent patterns. The paper also highlights the urgent need for comprehensive intervention by the state and society to prevent and combat domestic violence. The authors propose possible measures to improve the situation, such as strengthening the legal framework, providing support to victims and perpetrators, and conducting qualitative research on the motivations, attitudes, and experiences of both perpetrators and victims of domestic violence.

Inside Indonesia’s Religious Courts: An Argument for Domestic and Family Violence Screening and Exemption from Compulsory Mediation

Abstract In Indonesia, Islamic norms have been codified into State family law and divorce petitions are handled by State ‘Religious Courts’ (Pengadilan Agama). Formal, court-annexed mediation at the Religious Courts exists alongside customary (adat) mediation at the community level. In cases involving domestic and family violence, victims are socially expected to mediate at the community level before proceeding to the Religious Courts for formal determination of divorce petitions. At the Religious Courts, mediation is currently compulsory for all divorce petitions, even where there is proof or allegations of domestic and family violence. We argue that mediation should not be compulsory for victims of domestic and family violence who seek divorce via State family law avenues. In practice, victims bringing divorce petitions to the courts have generally already participated in mediation at the community level and therefore, further mediation has little—if any—utility. Further, there are well-documented risks for victims of domestic and family violence in mediation contexts. We draw on the comparative models of family violence screening from Australia and Canada to argue that similar screening processes should be introduced into Indonesia’s Religious Courts in order to exempt such cases of violence from compulsory mediation.

Social policy of the Scandinavian countries in relation to women victims of domestic violence

The article examines the issue of domestic violence against women as a widespread global social problem of modern society. Many countries are taking various measures to prevent and mitigate this problem. The scientific work presents the experience of solving such a problem in the Scandinavian countries, where an effective model of social policy is implemented in relation to women victims of marital violence. It is highlighted that the importance and relevance of this problem has increased in recent years during the global Covid-19 pandemic, when universal social isolation was introduced. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the state of the social policy of the Scandinavian countries in relation to marital violence against women. The main directions of the family policy of the Scandinavian countries are defined, which is based on the formation of a safe environment for creating a family and raising children. Within the framework of this study, the main programs for the prevention of family violence and the treatment of its victims, social services provided and support systems by social, psychological and medical services are presented. It was also revealed that the support programs are mainly aimed at protecting and establishing the security boundary, restoring the self-esteem of victims of domestic violence.

Prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence: A retrospective study at a major trauma center.

This study aimed to analyze the frequency and pattern of maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence. Medical records of victims of domestic violence between May 2016 and May 2023 were scrutinized retrospectively. The following data were analyzed: gender and age, history of previous abuse, hospital admission, pregnancy, type of facial injuries, anatomical location of injuries, side of injuries, concomitant injuries, mechanism of impact, treatment modality, and history of drug and alcohol abuse. Seventy-eight patients were included, comprising of 75 (96.2%) women and 3 (3.8%) men. Domestic violence was an etiology of 2.7% of all maxillofacial injuries. The mean age was 27.06 ± 5.5 years. 33.3% of cases had a history of previous domestic violence. The assailant was drug addicted in 47.4% of cases. The attacker was the current partner of the victim in 79.5% of the victims. Soft tissue injuries were found in 96.1% of cases. Maxillofacial fracture was observed in 52.6% of victims among which zygoma was the most common (16.7%) followed by the nose and mandible (15.4%). Isolated fracture was observed in 85.3% of patients and 71.8% of the injuries were observed on the left. Concomitant injuries were present in 51.3% of patients with arms/hands being the most frequent (48.7%). Punch (67.9%) constituted the majority of the mechanism of impact. Based on the statistical analysis, punches resulted in significantly higher soft tissue contusion (p = .046), and injuries that required no intervention were significantly higher in punched victims (p = .002). Maxillofacial soft tissue injuries with or without isolated fracture on the left side of the zygoma, mandibular angle, or nose in association with arms/hands injuries in young adult women could be clues of domestic violence. Appropriate care such as preventive programs for drug or alcohol abuse should be implemented to reduce domestic violence, thereby reducing these injuries.

Gender and exposure to childhood violence are important determinants of domestic violence among academics

Domestic violence is a common and significant social problem that threatens public health, violates human rights, and poses significant obstacles to national development. This study aimed to evaluate both male and female academics' knowledge and views on domestic violence, and determine its incidence and risk factors among academics. Participants comprised 304 academics working at universities, who were selected by cluster sampling from seven regions of Turkey. Data were analyzed using thematic coding, descriptive statistics, and multivariate logistic regression. Of the 304 participants, 56.9 % were female academics. The incidence of domestic violence among the academics was 21.4 %, with 25.4 % of female and 16.0 % of male academics reporting having experienced it. Academics who were victims of domestic violence were mostly exposed to it from their spouses. Academics also reported experiencing emotional violence. Female academics were 2.3 times more likely to experience domestic violence than men. Academics who were exposed to violence in childhood experienced 14.1 times more domestic violence than those who were not. Although it seems that a high status in society as an academic reduces the rates of exposure to domestic violence, gender, and witnessing or experiencing violence in early childhood are the most important risk factors for this population. The lack of a solution for domestic violence can be attributed to non-deterrent punishments.

Effectiveness of human protection from domestic violence under the administrative legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

At present, domestic violence is an epidemic not only in Kazakhstan, but throughout the world. Crimes in this area, according to the research of many concerned organi- sations, do not stop decreasing. During the global pandemic, cases of family conflicts have become more frequent, which become public through social networks due to the low level of legislative protection of victims from family rapists. The purpose of this study is to develop the most effective measures to protect victims of domestic violence. This study extensively used general and special scientific methods, as well as theoretical and empirical methods. The leading approach to the investigation of the problem under study involved the method of analysing the situation and the ap- plicable legislation. One of the reasons for domestic violence in Kazakhstan is the weak legislative system in the field of protection and prevention of domestic vio- lence, regulated by administrative legislation, as well as the low responsibility of law enforcement agencies in the performance of their official duties. The consequences of domestic violence reveal the overall picture of the decomposition of the "social unit", which contributes to a negative attitude towards the institution of marriage and the normal relationship of relatives. As a result of the author's research, this study examines the content of domestic violence from the standpoint of crime and miscon- duct based on the legislation of Kazakhstan. The subjective composition of domestic relations is considered not only from the standpoint of legal marriage, but also co- habitation-wise. The study investigates the world statistics and practice on the effec- tiveness of combating domestic violence not only in Kazakhstan, but also in the world. The research-to-practice significance of this paper lies in the proposals to improve the situation with domestic aggressors and the development of measures for more effective protection of a person from domestic violence.

The domestic violence victim as COVID crisis figure

The domestic violence victim as COVID crisis figure

Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Bagi Perempuan pada Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Indonesia

Human rights are inherent from the moment a person is born into the world. The purpose of Human Rights is as a means of protection for someone because no one knows that human nature can change at any time. In Indonesia itself, human rights are highly respected as one of the mandates of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Domestic Violence (KDRT) often makes women victims, this is because women are physically inferior to men. . Cases like this need to be given more attention to protect women who are victims of domestic violence, because human rights violations can trigger physical and mental health problems for the victims. The purpose of this writing is to determine the protection provided to victims of domestic violence. Data analysis used qualitative research methods with a normative juridical approach, namely an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, legal principles and laws. Domestic Violence is currently regulated in Indonesian legislation, such as: The Criminal Code, Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Forms of direct legal protection through existing institutions such as: Integrated Service Centers and Assistance Agencies.

PENDAMPINGAN HUKUM DAN PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP MASYARAKAT KPM PKH DESA BRAJA HARJOSARI KECAMATAN BRAJA SELEBAH KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR TERHADAP KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT)

Household integrity is the dream of every husband and wife. Building a family that is full of love, comfort and security is a manifestation of a happy family life. Violence that occurs in the household is indicated as a violation of human rights. Domestic violence is also a form of crime against human dignity. This is because domestic violence tends to lead to discriminatory behavior, where all forms of domestic violence cannot be justified. Thus, domestic violence behavior in any form can result in criminal charges and be processed legally. Community Service Activities carried out by the PKM STAI Darussalam Lampung Team were carried out in Braja Harjosari Village, Braja Selebah District, East Lampung Regency, is a service in the form of Assistance, Legal and Psychological Assistance for the KPM PKH Community, Braja Harjosari Village, Braja Selebah District, East Lampung Regency Against Internal Violence Household (KDRT). Based on the implementation of the service that has been carried out, it can be concluded that all participants participated in this activity enthusiastically. The knowledge they have is increasing. Both about the meaning of domestic violence, the impact of domestic violence and the legal umbrella for victims of domestic violence. Participants no longer consider domestic violence to be a disgrace to the victim's family. So that victims no longer feel afraid and embarrassed to report the violence they experience to people they trust.

Juridical Implications of Unregistered Marriage Against Legal Protection in the Domestic Violence Law

This article aims to analyze the juridical implications of not registering marriages for legal protection for the community, because the existence of the PKDRT Law has not been fully able to guarantee legal protection. The writing method used is juridical-normative using a reform-oriented research typology, namely evaluating applicable rules by providing recommendations on these rules. This study concludes that there is a blurring of legal subjects that can be protected in the PKDRT Law due to differences of opinion regarding the validity of marriage based on the provisions in Article 2 of the Marriage Law. Moreover, there are differences in judges’ views on the validity of a marriage which are not recorded in several decisions of cases of domestic violence causing legal uncertainty. However, there is still an alternative for self-protection for victims of domestic violence whose marriages have not been registered, namely using the articles in the Criminal Code.

Medicolegal aspects of domestic violence against children.

The routine of the dental profession exposes dentists not only to medical challenges but also to ethical and legal ones. Compared to other physicians, dentists are more likely to encounter children who are victims of domestic violence. This reality exposes them to legal liability due to the reporting obligations and the risk of misdiagnosing injuries. This paper aims to examine the importance of dentists in diagnosing injuries to children caused by domestic violence and the inherent dangers of failing to make such a diagnosis.

Risk factors for domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic-a multi-country longitudinal survey

Abstract Background A pressing public health issue exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic is domestic violence. The lockdowns harshened its major risk factors, such as financial strain, substance use, low social support, and also confined victims with their abusers. Cross-sectional studies confirm most of these associations, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. We investigate the association of domestic violence victimisation with these factors across the stages of the pandemic internationally and the characteristics linked with first vicitmisation in the pandemic. Methods We used four waves of an online survey of the adult general population of 14 countries in five continents in May 2020-May 2022 (N = 6051). Partner and child abuse were assessed with single items, sociodemographics and COVID-19 related data with Likert-type items, substance use and social support with validated scales. The Oxford Lockdown Stringency Index was used. Differences by onset of violence were tested with chi-squared, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the associations with mixed effects logistic regression. Results Results are preliminary. Survivors with onset of violence before and during the pandemic were quite similar and differed from those not victimised in financial strain and social support. Social support (OR .83 CI .76-.91), employment status, especially unemployed (OR 5.24 CI 1.98-13.87), and polysubstance abuse (OR 2.22 CI 1.25-3.95) significantly predicted violence across time controlled for demographics. Lockdown stringency had no significant effect (OR 1.0 CI .98-1.01). Conclusions The findings are in line with the literature and clarify that the most robust financial strain proxy across time is unemployment. Pre-existing demographic, economic and health-related vulnerabilities remain impactful across countries and individuals, so screening by healthcare providers for victimisation should be targeted and policies should focus on maintaining financial stability, particularly in the long run. Key messages • The socio-economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic are more impactful than confinement on the long-term risk of domestic violence internationally. • Cases of domestic violence with onset during the pandemic show similar socio-economic vulnerabilities as those with onset before.

Kajian Perempuan sebagai Pelaku KDRT Ditinjau dari Perspektif Victim Precipitation

The phenomenon of Domestic Violence (KDRT) has always been the main concern of most people. This isbecause this action involves people who have good personal relationships with the victim. There are various typesof domestic violence that are often published in the mass media, such as violence that occurs most often, such asviolence against husbands against wives, parents against children and vice versa, uncles against their nephews,or employers against household assistants (ART). However, it is rare to find cases of domestic violence committedby women, especially violence committed by wives against husbands. This study aims to analyze and examine thereasons why a woman or wife can commit acts of violence against their partner through the theory of victimprecipitation, courtesy of Marvin F. Wolfgang (1957) and Larry J. Siegel (2016). This study uses a qualitativeresearch approach with a phenomenological research type in order to explore a phenomenon of domestic violencecommitted by wives against husbands. The results of this study indicate that there are various factors thatstimulate wives to commit domestic violence against their husbands, namely: a) financial factors; b) an affairfactor; c) a communication factor; and d) factor wife’s background.The existence of this research is to reveal that acts of domestic violence do not look at gender, so anyonecan have the potential to become a perpetrator or victim of domestic violence.

Penerapan Konseling Kelompok Teknik Direktif untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan KDRT di UPTD PPA Bantul Yogyakarta

Many women have experienced domestic violence in the Bantul district of Yogyakarta. Victims ofdomestic violence at the UPTD PPA Bantul will receive guidance and protection in the form ofindividual counseling activities from psychologists and legal protection from lawyers who have beenprovided by the UPTD PPA Bantul. After conducting a psychological examination with clinicalinterviews, observation, psychological tests, and the administration of the Hamilton Anxiety RatingScale (HARS), it is known that WBS shows unstable emotional behaviour, restlessness, crying,fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. After implementing group counselling with targeted techniques, theclients already have a goal to overcome the anxiety experienced after being a victim of domesticviolence. Understanding and hoping for good from the rehabilitation he is doing will be an asset inthe future. Percentage decrease in anxiety, on average, 41%.

Analysis of Legal Protection of Sexual Violence Against Domestic Workers

The existence of Women Workers or Domestic Workers is familiar in Indonesia both in urban and rural areas. The government's lack of attention to domestic workers, the majority of whom are women, has made many of them victims of violent crimes. This study aims to determine the legal protection of domestic workers who get sexual violence and find out the criminal sanctions obtained by perpetrators of sexual violence. This type of research is qualitative research using a normative approach, which includes a statutory approach (statute approach) and a conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary materials. The legal material that has been collected is then reviewed systematically and classified to produce a conclusion. The results showed that explicitly domestic workers who are victims of domestic violence receive protection from several laws and regulations but do not specifically regulate the form of protection, both related to employment relations, discrimination, violence, wages, and so on. Unlike Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence and the Criminal Code, both preventive and repressive means protection for domestic workers as part of their family. Criminal sanctions in Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence are formulated alternatively, namely imprisonment or fines. This means that perpetrators of domestic sexual violence can be subject to imprisonment or fines.