Victim's Neck Research Articles

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN TINDAK PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PERCOBAAN PEMBUNUHAN PUTUSAN NOMOR 45/PID.B/2021/PNSIM

Criminal responsibility for attempted murder is the ability legally to be accountable for their actions and to be aware that what they did was a violation. The perpetrator swung the machete, kicked and choked the victim but the execution was not completed because the perpetrator's mother came and pulled the perpetrator's hand from the victim's neck. The problems in this research are 1). Is the responsibility of the perpetrators of the attempted murder appropriate according to Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code? and 2). Is the Judge's Decision Number 45/Pid.B/2021/PNSim which imposes a 2-year sentence on the perpetrator in accordance with the purpose of sentencing? This research was conducted using a normative legal research type that is descriptive in nature, using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials by collecting data from literature studies which were analyzed qualitatively and drawing conclusions using deductive logic. The conclusions from this study are (1). The criminal responsibility for the perpetrators of the attempted murder is not appropriate according to Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (2). The decision of the Panel of Judges Number 45/Pid.B/2021/PNSim for the perpetrators is not yet 2 years in prison according to the theory of sentencing purposes. The results of the research are related to the theory of sentencing purposes, so it should be subject to Article 338 in conjunction with Article 53 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code with a sentence of 10 years in prison.

Reconstruction of Trauma Dynamics Due to Ligature Strangulation by Using a Dynamometer: A Technical Report.

Asphyxiation caused by violence, particularly through ligature strangulation, necessitates the application of a force that is characterized by a point of application, direction, and intensity. These properties can be quantified through the use of a dynamometer, which is composed of a graduated scale and a spring. In this particular study, an experimental model utilizing a dynamometer was employed to aid in the diagnosis and analysis of the dynamics of violent trauma resulting from homicidal ligature strangulation. The experimental model was applied to an attempted murder case involving strangulation. The primary challenge in this case was to establish the attempted murder scientifically, as the offender claimed that there had been no intent to kill, but instead an attempt to frighten the victim. To prove his assertion, the assailant emphasized the absence of strangulation injuries on the victim's neck. To investigate, a crane scale dynamometer was fixed on a cable and placed on a manikin's neck. The potential measurable combinations with the dynamometer were then compared to witness accounts and the injuries found on the victim. The utilization of a dynamometer in our case permitted the diagnosis and verification of a trauma that was undoubtedly caused by violent asphyxiation via strangulation. The information yielded by the dynamometer was subsequently submitted as scientific evidence in Court, serving to substantiate the intent to commit homicide and substantiate the credibility of the victim's testimony.

TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DENGAN KEKERASAN (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 92/PID/2021/PT.JAP)

The defendant, Otis Faskar Charkes Arera alias Otis, first committed violence by threatening the victim with a knife strapped around the victim's neck and in front of the victim's child. This threat was made in order to take the victim's property, which belonged to another person. Decision Study No. 92/PID/2021/PT Research Jap. The researcher poses the question: In light of Article 365, paragraphs 2 and 3, of the Criminal Code, are the actions of those who commit the crime of stealing with violence legitimate or not? This study employs a descriptive analytic normative research design and relies solely on secondary data, including main legal materials and secondary legal materials obtained from literature studies and analyzed qualitatively and then uses deductive logic in drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study, namely that the actions of the perpetrators of the crime of theft with violence are inappropriate based on Article 365 paragraph (2) 1st and 3rd. Suggestions from this study, namely that investigators should in determining the article used as the basis must look at the facts based on Article 365 paragraph 1 in conjunction with paragraph 2 1st and 3rd of the Criminal Code.

BLACK LIVES MATTER IN THE UNITED STATES

This paper examines affiliation with the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement using the constructivism theory. The main finding presented in the paper is that the discrimination experienced by African Americans in the United States in the past two decades. The BLM movement's history was a response to the death of two black teenagers, Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, who were both unarmed and shot and killed. The most famous one happened this year, the death of George Floyd for the brutal police action by pressing the victim's neck with his leg until Floyd died. The second key finding is that BLM organizations generated more to frame the movement as a struggle for individual rights. Still, many youths assume that this movement is just a trend on social media. Finally, social media's influence where the spread of news, content, videos is the important point of the black lives matter movement in the US.

If Technology Is a Parasite Masquerading as a Symbiont—Are We the Host?

According to William E. Rees, [a] parasite is an organism that gains its utility by sapping the vitality of its host [2]. A vivid illustration of this can be seen in WIRED science writer, Matt Simon's latest book, Plight of the Living Dead: What Real-Life Zombies Reveal about Our World - and Ourselves. Simon fastens on the startling machinations of real parasites and how they turn their hosts into agents of their own propagation. In his opening chapter, Simon zeroes in on Ampulex compressa, the jewel wasp, its hypnotizing beauty m with big eyes and a precious green sheen to its body m [belying] its belligerence The unlucky target of her design is a roach. In her first move, the wasp injects her venom loaded stinger between the roach's front legs. Included in the venom's more than two hundred compound brew is the weaponized central nervous system inhibiting neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For five minutes, GABA paralyzes the roach's ability to block the wasp's next move with its front legs. The now unobstructed wasp removes her stinger and redeploys it to penetrate the now defenseless victim's neck and from there moves into its brain. The wasp, for now at least, is not trying to kill her prey as she feels around for the right spot [actually two spots] in the brain to inject her mind-control potion [3]. These precise locations govern the roach's means of movement. After discharging her venom, the wasp again removes her stinger and lo and behold, in a few minutes the roach, instead of flooding with fear, begins grooming itself as though it hadn't a care in the world.

The homicide of a transgender by an ante-mortem “incaprettamento”. A case report

Homicide of a victim belonging to the GLBT community (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) is rarely described in the forensic-pathology literature, though this population is more prone to experience victimization than the heterosexual population. Authors illustrate the homicide of a Peruvian transgender that was murdered by her partner with the use of a killing technique that is utilized by the Italian mafia organization: the so-called incaprettamento. Cadaver presented both the knee in a flexed position, and all the limbs were forcedly put behind the back, with tied wrists and ankles. The wrists were also fastened with another wire to a Play-Station videogame consolle, that enclosed the victim's neck. At the dissection, the antero-lateral soft tissues of the neck showed blood infiltration, with a complete fracture of the right superior horn of the thyroid cartilage. The cause of death was determined in a self-strangulation due to the incaprettamento technique.

Accidental Through and Through Penetrating Injury to the Neck

We present the case of a 24-year-old driver who died when a metal pole entered the front windshield, traveled through the victim's neck, and then exited via the back windshield. This case illustrated an unusual penetration injury and the importance of a thorough and complete death scene investigation.

Stab or throw? Biomechanical studies on the injuring potential of glass fragments

During a Christmas party, two male guests started fighting. The perpetrator was allegedly pushed onto a glass table by the victim or fell into the table together with that man so that the glass top broke and caused a cut wound on the perpetrator's back. According to his statement he then threw a fragment of the broken glass table in the direction of the other man hitting him accidentally in a way so that the subclavian artery was severed and he died from exsanguination. Tests on the breaking characteristics of the glass table, the flying behaviour and the kinetics of thrown glass fragments conducted on various models supported the conclusion that the fatal injury on the victim's neck could not have been caused by a thrown glass fragment. It was much more likely that a stab with a blade-shaped glass fragment was the cause of the fatal injuries.

Accidental Decapitation

We report a case of an accidental decapitation of an agriculture worker in a field. The scene investigation revealed that the worker had loosely tied a scarf tied over his face in an attempt to diminish his exposure to barley dust, to which he was allergic, while distributing the barley loads with a shovel upon a trailer. The trailer was simultaneously being loaded by a helix elevator machine and its rotating shaft suddenly caught the victim's scarf and pulled it down to the victim's neck. The rotating motion immediately tightened the scarf around the neck resulting in hanging/strangulation noose that, by continued tightening, caused decapitation of the victim. The victim's body was found on the ground by the trailer and the victim's head was discovered in the barley load in the trailer. Examination revealed that the neck was severed at the level of the second and third cervical vertebrae.

False Confessions From 53 Persons With Intellectual Disabilities: The List Keeps Growing

Today, persons with intellectual and related disabilities are being seen as citizens in full standing in their own neighborhoods. We see them on the street, on buses, in restaurants—even attending classes in their own neighborhood schools and working at jobs they are able to do. It wasn’t always that way. In earlier years they were seen as objects of rejection. Most were removed from their communities and sent to live in large, out-of-the-way, state-funded institutions. Now that they are back in the midst of our neighborhoods, we are learning to understand and support them as never before. Most—but not all—seek to be friendly with local police officers. They do it because they need to depend on authority figures around them to live in the community successfully. Police officers need to know that some tend to be overly vulnerable and pliable when placed under pressure in interrogation rooms. In such a situation they may say whatever these authority figures want to hear. They will even confess to crimes they did not commit. Today, 53 persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities have confessed to serious felonies—murder, rape, arson, and robbery—that they did not commit. These cases have been extracted from three sources: They come from my own 30year collection of files and from sifting through a list of all false confessors produced earlier by two of the top experts on all false confessions (Drizin & Leo, 2004). More recently they have been sifted from a constant stream of false confession reports flowing out of the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Northwestern University’s School of Law. All of the 53 individuals have been legally exonerated. The number of persons on this list will increase in the years to come. For example, I can name 15 other false confessors with intellectual disabilities I believe to be innocent, but they will not be placed on this list until they have been exonerated by a formal legal action. Six factors gleaned from this list may be worth pondering:

An investigation into the transference and survivability of human DNA following simulated manual strangulation with consideration of the problem of third party contamination

Amplification was performed on human DNA material transferred during a model of manual strangulation. A total of 29 separate experiments were performed using a single male offender-female victim combination to observe whether DNA was transferred both from the offender's fingers to the victim's neck and vice versa and to consider the period of time after the event during which the material could potentially be recovered and amplified. DNA was amplified from either the victim's neck or the offender's fingers for at least 10 days after the contact although it is discussed whether this is potentially due to primary contact or a secondary/tertiary transfer event. The study highlights the problem of contamination of the offender's hands and victim's neck with third party DNA, the presence of which could have a significant outcome for both the investigating authority and the third party.

Primal Struggle

The battling Mongolian dinosaurs have come to North America. Discovered in 1971, they make up one of the most famous fossils ever discovered: Velociraptor mongoliensis, and Protoceratops andrewsi, who apparently died, Pompeii-style, locked in combat—perhaps smothered by a sudden sand flow triggered by a heavy rain. With its left hand, the predatory Velociraptor grips the head of the crouching Protoceratops, a shield-headed plant-eater, while embedding a deadly foot claw into the victim's neck. Meanwhile, Protoceratops appears to be retaliating by biting Velociraptor's right arm. The 80-million-year-old gladiators are featured in a show, “New Discoveries from Mongolia,” running at New York City's American Museum of Natural History from 19 May to 29 October.