Prevention Of Victimization Research Articles

School-Based Victimization Prevention Education Programs for Children and Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review.

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at significantly higher risk of experiencing multiple types of interpersonal victimization across their lifespan compared to their peers without IDD. Despite the extensive literature on efficacy of prevention education programs for children without IDD, very little is known about comparable programs for children with IDD. In this scoping review, we synthesized the literature on existing programs for children with IDD. We identified thirteen programs which we critically assessed against established best practice criteria for prevention and special education and evaluation. The current literature on prevention education programs for children with IDD exhibits significant limitations, such as weak research designs and poor measurement of outcomes.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Sebagai Korban Kejahatan Pornografi Balas Dendam (Revenge Porn) di Media Sosial

This research discusses the form of legal protection for women as victims of crime (revenge porn) on social media according to the TPKS Law and the obstacles in providing legal protection to women as victims of revenge porn crimes on social media. This research uses normative legal research. The data from this research is collected by literature study in the form of written regulations, theories from books and journals. The results of this study indicate that: first, the legal protection of victims of revenge porn in the TPKS Law, one of which is regulating the rights of victims such as handling, protection and recovery from cases of sexual violence. Second, obstacles in providing protection to women victims include the deep-rooted patriarchal culture and the distribution of intimate photos / videos considered as consensual. The conclusions of this study are: first, the enactment of Law No.12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence provides a positive signal in the prevention, handling and recovery of victims of sexual violence such as revenge porn.Second, the entrenched patriarchal culture is one of the obstacles in providing legal protection to women victims of revenge porn on social media.

Middle leaders pursuing teacher safety against learner victimization: A policy document analysis

Various scholars have confirmed that teacher safety against learner victimization is a growing concern worldwide, and this problem is exacerbated by a lack of understanding and readiness to implement policies to address this matter. In this regard, policy implementation by middle leaders (MLs) in creating safe school environments has attracted much less interest as a possible way of addressing issues of teacher safety and the prevention of learner victimization. MLs are regarded as individuals who have the potential to lead, plan, inspire and persuade, and in so doing, they are in an ideal position to translate policy into practice. As such, this paper provides a qualitative policy document analysis of The National School Safety Framework (NSSF) premised on the theory that every individual in the school experiences safety in dissimilar ways and has unique safety needs. The NSSF is endorsed by the Department of Basic Education to guide in addressing issues of violence and safety in South African schools. Underpinned by the rational choice theory and utilizing policy document analysis, texts in the NSSF were analysed and interpreted to propose transformative policy strategies that can assist MLs in managing teachers’ safety at schools more effectively. The findings suggest that administrative duties and a lack of time make it difficult for MLs to create a safe and supportive learning environment in schools. Another finding was that there is no clear plan outlined in the NSSF to guide MLs to pursue teacher safety against learner victimization in schools. To assist MLs, this paper proposes transformative policy strategies that can assist them in promoting teacher safety and preventing learner victimization in schools. The paper recommends that more explicit interpretation and implementation strategies be communicated with schools to assist them in fighting the war against violence in schools.

Intervenções do enfermeiro em situações de violência familiar contra idosos – Revisão integrativa

Background: violence against the elderly consists of a single or repeated act of intention or omission, which occurs within a relationship of trust and causes physical and psychological damage to the elderly person. Many older people are mistreated and abused both by family members and in institutions where they are. It is a serious multifactorial problem. Objectives: to identify nurses' interventions in elderly victims of family violence. Methodology: integrative literature review, carried out in the databases: CINAHL Complete, B-on, and PubMed, carried out in April and May 2023. Articles in Portuguese, French, Spanish or English, with full text and free access, were considered. Results: five articles were included, which support nurses' interventions in prevention and early intervention, to identify and assess the family situation of the elderly, assess signs of neglect, physical and psychological abuse, notify, refer to support structures, monitor the health of the elderly, approach the family as a unit, develop actions with formal and informal caregivers, home visits and providing holistic care. Conclusion: the family nurse plays an essential role in the development of intervention strategies aimed at the prevention and care of elderly victims of violence.

집단따돌림 피해 경험에 관한 국내 학술지 연구 동향

The purpose of this study is to examine the trend of research on the experience of victimization by peer rejection focusing on domestic journals, and suggest point of future improvement and direction of researches. To achieve the foregoing purpose, this study analyzed focusing on the year of publication, relevant characteristics of research subjects, research methods and types, measurement tools and research variables based on the 60 papers published in domestic journals. Results show that research have been carried out consistently since 2000 but are considered very insufficient in terms of quantity, and main subjects are the youth, giving too much emphasis on quantitative research method. As for the measurement tool, Peer-Victimization Scale accounts for the majority and individual variables related to self-esteem in addition to variables regarding emotion such as depression and anxiety have been researched the most. Follow-up research on the experience of victimization by peer rejection need specific intervention for prevention and treatment of victims, and development of a program to verify the effect based on the relevant research between variables through in-depth understanding of psychological characteristics experienced by the victims and development of a tool suited to the characteristics of Korea by expanding qualitative research.

VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION: EFFECTIVE PRACTICES OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Victimological prevention is defined as a system of measures and strategies aimed at preventing and reducing violence, as well as at protecting potential and direct victims. In today’s world, this topic is becoming more and more relevant, as socio-cultural, technological and political changes create new challenges and opportunities in the field of victimology. Current challenges are characterized by low public awareness, lack of funding and resources, and cultural relativism. Politicization of problems, ethnic conflicts and deficiencies in legislation are serious tasks for victimological prevention. The rapid development of technology is giving rise to new forms of violence, such as digital violence and cybercrime. Underestimation of these risks can lead to incorrect use of technologies in the framework of victimology prevention. The article notes the need to strengthen public participation and develop culturally sensitive strategies. Ensuring privacy and safety for those seeking care is essential to the success of this field. Inclusive and gender-balanced strategies are also identified as key elements for further improvement. Analysis of international experience indicates the importance of joint work of various sectors of society and global coordination to solve victimological problems. Victimological prevention requires constant improvement of strategies and methods aimed at adapting to changes in the world. Successful victimization prevention relies on broad partnerships, cultural sensitivity, and the innovative use of technology to achieve the global goals of reducing violence and protecting victims’ rights. Successful victimology prevention requires the joint action of all sectors of society and global coordination. The analysis of international experience shows that the cooperation of various sectors, such as law enforcement agencies, public organizations, government structures, as well as the active participation of international organizations, is a decisive factor in the fight against victimological problems. In addition, the use of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics and information visualization can significantly increase the effectiveness of victimology interventions and help achieve the global goals of reducing violence and protecting victims’ rights.

Preventing Religion-Based Hate Crime Victimization Among Youth: A Systematic Review of Personal, Collective, and Policy Responses.

Hate crime victimization targeting the victim's religious identity poses a serious problem for individuals, communities, and societies. This systematic review describes countermeasures to such victimization, aiming for broad descriptive inclusion by canvassing personal adaptations, collective programs, and institutional-governmental policies. Targeting peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2022, we found 44 articles describing measures related to religion-based victimization prevention. We classified the studied measures into 12 main types. The most salient personal adaptations included camouflage-type blending in to avoid victimization, using religion as a source of resilience, and changing routines to deflect risk. At the collective level, mobilizing community resilience, stereotype reduction, and place-based solutions were often researched. The relatively few institutional-level studies addressed measures to enhance the connection between victims and authorities by various means. The experimental studies heavily concentrated on experiments supporting the efficacy of changing people's perceptions as a means of prevention. The review concludes with a discussion about research and policy implications.

Prevention of Remote Theft Victimization and its Scope of Impact

Both scientists and government officials are actively searching for the most effective measures of victimological prevention and protection of victims of remote theft. At the same time, there is no single terminological approach among Russian scientists to the phenomena under study: cybercrime, digital victimization, and remote theft. Foreign researchers in specialized victimological journals pay considerable attention to the methods of implementation and content of restorative justice. However, there is little research in the field of victimological prevention of remote theft. A significant amount of foreign research in the field of cybersecurity is aimed at implementing general criminological measures to protect both personal and corporate information. Research in recent years has drawn attention to the need for context-oriented microlearning for users of information resources and technologies as a method of teaching cybersecurity. The study conducted by the author and other Russian scientists on the methods of victimization of victims of remote theft allowed us to identify typical victimological situations that are most common in 2023 and predict their development in the future . The victimization scenarios identified are becoming increasingly common and therefore require rapid preventive measures by the state. Most researchers come to the conclusion that victims of remote theft do not have individual victimogenic signs, therefore, it is more necessary to develop measures of general victimological prevention aimed at mass victimization of victims of remote theft. Based on previously conducted Russian and foreign studies, the author proposes to carry out preventive measures in the following areas of general prevention: economic, regulatory, theoretical, practical, technical (technological), informational.

Clinical guidelines for prevention, diagnostics, treatment and recovery from acute radiation injuries: classification and basic pathology

The provision of state guarantees to citizens with medical care is achieved by compliance with clinical recommendations by medical organizations. However, acute diseases (conditions) caused by excess radiation were excluded from the relevant pathologies for the development of appropriate clinical recommendations. The current events increase the relevance of acute radiation pathology for the healthcare system and determine the high risk of such cases among the personnel of radiation-hazardous facilities and population. The necessity of developing national clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of acute radiation injury victims is substantiated. Based on an analytical review of the databases of NEB, PubMed, and Medline for 1970 to 2023 on the problem of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of individuals exposed to excess radiation and analysis of the regulatory framework governing the process of creating clinical recommendations in the Russian Federation on the provision of medical care to victims of acute radiation injuries, the main terms and their definitions relevant to acute radiation pathology were formulated, which must be unified when developing clinical recommendations. The basic classification of acute radiation lesions is presented, systematizing the variety of possible clinical forms of diseases (conditions) and their etiopathogenetic variants based on the characteristics of the types of ionizing radiation sources and individual characteristics of the conditions of acute radiation exposure. Variants of working clinical classifications of acute radiation lesions based on the generalization of the experience in the country and the world on the systematization of acute radiation pathology were determined. In general, the expediency of developing a group of clinical recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of acute radiation injuries, covering all the various current clinical forms of diseases caused by excess (uncontrolled, unregulated, emergency) exposure, is justified. The task of determining the current list of diseases (conditions) and groups of diseases (conditions) caused by excessive human exposure in the dose range that can lead to the development of acute radiation lesions is of practical importance both for departmental medicine and the country’s healthcare system.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕТСКО-РОДИТЕЛЬСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ У ПОДРОСТКОВ СО СКЛОННОСТЬЮ К ВИКТИМНОМУ ПОВЕДЕНИЮ

The article examines the role of child-parent relations in the formation of victimization of the personality of adolescents. The relevance of the study is associated with an increase in the number of adolescents subjected to illegal actions, as well as with the contribution of the family environment, confirmed in many studies, to the formation of individual psychological characteristics of adolescents, including those that are predictors of victimization. The study involved 60 teenagers from full families with their own parents. In the course of the study, adolescents were divided into two groups according to their propensity for victim behavior and the type of victim behavior prevailing in the groups. The characteristics of attachment to parents were evaluated, as well as indicators of the relationship between parents and a child. The study confirmed the fact of a significant contribution of the family to the formation of adolescent victimization. The marker of a high level of victimization is largely the hostile relationship of adolescents with the father with the absence of a feeling of intimacy and interest. Hostility and inconsistency on the part of parents with an insufficient level of intimacy and positive interest have an impact on the formation of all types of victim behavior. The results obtained make it possible to develop recommendations for the prevention of victimization to reduce the number of victims and active participants in crimes among adolescents.

Program Evaluation of the radKIDS® Youth Personal Empowerment Safety Education Program

Developing sound evidence of program effectiveness can be difficult for many programs initiated by schools and communities, and impedes many beneficial programs from broader dissemination. This paper shares results of an evaluation approach used with a bullying and victimization prevention program with elementary school children called the radKIDS® Personal Empowerment and Safety Education Program. The purpose of this study was to examine indicators of initial effectiveness of the radKIDS® program for elementary school child safety skill development and instructor training to reduce child victimization and associated trauma and empower healthy psychosocial child development. The study involved 330 active radKIDS® instructors surveyed during two separate two-week periods, resulting in 148 completed questionnaires (45%). Instructors rated their perceptions of what children effectively learned in radKIDS®, the effectiveness of instructor training, and on Social Emotional Learning (SEL) competencies addressed in the program. Evaluation findings confirmed the theoretical model of the program, and that the developmental safety domains impacting children in radKIDS® differs from those in other bullying prevention interventions focused on SEL and other competencies. Recommended areas of improvement for the program included making training less time consuming and more flexible in delivery, provide more practice opportunities and time on skill acquisition during training, and increase supervision and guidance during program implementation.

Human Research Development for Purpose Drug Research Function Increasing Case Disclosure in the Jurisdiction of the Cirebon City Police

<p><em>The narcotics problem in Indonesia is still very high, including cases of narcotics abuse. This problem also occurs in the legal area of the Cirebon City Police with an increasing trend in drug abuse. However, at the same time there is a decrease in the number of P21 which implies a decline or other factors that influence member performance, both internal and external. Therefore, handling drugs is a special concern for various groups. Not only the state apparatus, including outside the apparatus are involved in handling drug cases. In particular, the National Police is the front guard in handling drug cases. In the East Belitung area, the Police have the authority to handle drug problems which are directly handled by the Narcotics Research Unit (Satresnarkoba) which is tasked with carrying out the guidance and guidance of investigative functions, investigations, supervision of investigations into criminal acts of abuse and illicit trafficking of drugs and their precursors, as well as guidance and counseling in the context of prevention and rehabilitation of victims of drug abuse.</em><em></em></p>

Review of the book D. V. Zhmurov “Cybervictimology"

The paper gives an expert assessment of the monographic study of the Siberian criminologist Dmitry Vitalievich Zhmurov, prepared on the topic: “Cybervictimology”, published by the authoritative Moscow publishing house “Yurlitinform” in early 2023 . The reviewer describes the main merits of the monographic study, as well as critical judgments on some issues reflected on its pages. The reviewer emphasizes the relevance of the research, its absolute scientific novelty and extreme practical significance. The author’s development of a unique concept — a private victimological theory called “cybervictimology”, which is a comprehensive study of cybervictims, their cybervictimization, peculiarities of their cybervictimization, as well as the system of victimological prevention of criminal victimization in the information space, is noted as positive aspects. The author’s criticisms of the study include the following: the structure of the work is not quite successful and the insufficient use of official departmental victimization statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The Maria da Penha Patrol as an affirmation of women’s rights in the State of Paraná

Addressing a topic of extreme complexity and topicality, domestic and family violence permeates a historical context that highlights its relevance. This problem has been constantly highlighted in the media, highlighting a phenomenon that, although it has gained greater visibility in recent years, has always existed, but was often covered up by social taboos. Notably, women were the primary victims of this type of violence and were often silenced due to entrenched social conventions. The impacts of domestic and family violence are devastating, affecting countless lives. According to the Atlas of Violence (2023), between 2011 and 2021, the number of murders of women reached an average of 1.2 per 100 thousand women in the country. This alarming data illustrates the seriousness and urgency of tackling this problem effectively. Through data analysis, doctrine and interviews, the objective is to analyze the effectiveness and importance of the Maria da Penha Patrol of the Military Police of the State of Paraná as a crucial tool in the affirmation of women's rights, analyzing the theoretical foundation and the practical implementation of this type of patrol, which, although it acts in an ostensive and uniformed way, Its scope is the optimization of care and greater reception for victims of domestic violence, aiming at the reduction of service rates and the minimization of the number of fatal victims. In this context, the Maria da Penha Patrol in the PMPR emerges as a tool to help meet the established national goals, along with the actions provided for in the internal guidelines of the military organization, playing a fundamental role in the prevention, monitoring and protection of victims.

Peer Victimization among Young Children in Jordan and their Coping Strategies

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-perceived peer victimization among early elementary school children in Jordan. The study also aimed at finding out the school settings where most victimization acts occur, the characteristics of the perpetrators, and the coping strategies of the victimized children. Methods: To achieve the study purposes, 242 students from first, second, and third grades were included in this study. For data collection purposes, an 18-item questionnaire was constructed to measure the prevalence of physical, verbal, and psychological victimization amongst the study participants. Collected data was then analyzed quantitatively using frequencies and percentages. Results: Results of the current study revealed that high percentages of students reported being cursed, hit, threatened, and prevented from playing with others. Psychological victimization was the most prevalent form (53.1%) followed by physical victimization (49.3 %) and verbal victimization (37.26 %). Furthermore, this study found that the classroom and the school yard are potential victimization settings, most forms of victimization were performed by boys of the same age group of the victims, and most victimized participants responded by complaining to their teachers or by doing nothing. Recommendations: In light of the findings, the study recommended that schools should adopt research-evident strategies and programs of victimization prevention in addition to conducting further research related to the topic of the study.

An Exploratory Analysis Examining the Relationship Between Protective and Risk Factors of Bullying and Hate Crime Victimization Within Schools

ABSTRACT Over the years, scholars have argued that there are similarities and differences between bullying and hate crimes within Americas’ schools. However, no known study has tested the claims that bullying and hate-related victimization are more similar (or different) and whether they share similar protective and/or risk factors. Utilizing the 2019 NCVS School Crime Supplement, the present study draws on several theoretical traditions to examine the protective and risk factors associated with bullying and hate-related victimization in schools. Skewed logistic regression models find that while there are some similarities between the protective and risk factors among bullying and hate-related victimization, there are also some noticeable and distinct differences. The findings fill important theoretical and empirical gaps in the bullying and hate crime literature. Further, the findings offer important policy implications as it relates to detection and prevention of bullying and hate-related victimization within schools.

Виктимизация несовершеннолетних в процессе кибергруминга: гендерная и психосексуальная специфика

<p style="text-align: justify;">Addressing the problem of sexual harassment of children and adolescents in online communication (cybergrooming) requires in-depth study. Gender and psychosexual aspects of victimization of victims are of particular importance for preventive work. The article presents the results of content analysis of dialogues between 35 cybergroomers and 94 minors, realized on the Internet. The gender and age structure of the victims is 54 girls and 40 boys from 9 to 16 years old. It was found that depending on the gender and sexual identity of the child, as well as their own criminal goals, the groomers use different tactics of manipulative influence. Boys are significantly more likely to exhibit sexual motive when interacting with abusers, as well as greater victimization (p=0.000). Girls are predominantly oriented towards neutral and friendly interactions and do not allow it to go beyond these limits (p=0.000). It is concluded that prevention of victimization of minors involved in cybergrooming should include the development of skills to assert personal boundaries and critical attitude towards online interlocutors.</p>

WITHDRAWN: Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Avalanche and Nonavalanche Snow Burial Accidents: 2024 Update

To provide guidance to the general public, clinicians, and avalanche professionals about best practices, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to revise the evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, rescue, and resuscitation of avalanche and nonavalanche snow burial victims. The original panel authored the Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Avalanche and Nonavalanche Snow Burial Accidents in 2017. A second panel was convened to update these guidelines and make recommendations based on quality of supporting evidence.

The Artificial Intelligence as a One-Stop Point for Dealing with Online Human Trafficking Scams in Indonesia

Human Trafficking is an organized transnational crime aimed at exploiting humans. As a result of the triple disruption phenomenon, human trafficking currently manifests with a new modus operandi, namely online scamming. This modus operandi is quite concerning as it exhibits recruitment patterns, victim characteristics, and perpetrator characteristics that are significantly different from conventional human trafficking. However, the government currently lacks a precise mechanism to address online scamming human trafficking. As a transnational crime, collective efforts based on technology need to be mobilized to eradicate and address online scamming human trafficking. Therefore, through a juridical-normative research method, this study aims to elucidate the challenges faced by the government in addressing online scamming human trafficking and to initiate ideas for a comprehensive human trafficking handling mechanism from upstream to downstream through prevention, intervention, and restoration of victims.

「군사법원법」개정에 따른 성폭력 피해자 보호 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 법규 및 지침 분석을 중심으로

As the number of cases of military sexual violence increases, the conflict between the scope of application by status and the laws related to military sexual violence is very important for protecting victims of sexual violence in the military. However, after the revision of the “Military Court Act”, a systematic review of personnel laws related to victims following the transfer of military sexual assault cases to the private sector and discussions on reorganization of the laws were insufficient.
 Accordingly, this study focuses on the revised ‘Military Court Act’,‘Military Personnel Act’, ‘Military Civil Servant Personnel Act’,‘Framework Act on the Status and Service of Soldiers’,‘State Public Officials Act’ and ‘Framework Act on Prevention of Violence against Women’ related to the protection of victims of military sexual violence , ‘Sexual Violence Prevention and Victim Protection Act’, 'Military Criminal Act', such as ‘Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Status of Soldiers’, 'Military Criminal Act', 8 related laws,‘Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Status of Soldiers’,'Enforcement Decree of the Military Civil Servant Personnel Act',‘Unit Management Instruction’, 2 Presidential Decrees and 1 Administrative rule data were analyzed. Through review of related laws and regulations, we reviewed the conflicting limits of the scope of application by status and reporting obligations, and analyzed the 'Secondary Victimization Prevention Guidelines' of 9 government agencies, additional provisions of specific and active secondary victimization prevention guidelines for the protection of victims of sexual violence were discussed. Based on this, measures to improve the laws and guidelines related to the protection of victims of military sexual violence were presented, and through reorganization of related laws and regulations in the future, the unification of military sexual violence personnel related laws and regulations and countermeasures that reflected the special characteristics of the military were discussed.
 This study objectively analyzes the application of personnel laws and regulations for victims of sexual violence through the transfer of military sexual violence to the private sector after the revision of the 'Military Court Act' and objectively analyzes the problem of conflicting obligations in the event of a sexual violence incident. It is meaningful in that it was discussed to prepare measures to improve protection.