Impact Vibration Research Articles

Max-phase Ti3SiC2 and diverse nanoparticle reinforcements for enhancement of the mechanical, dynamic, and microstructural properties of AA5083 aluminum alloy via FSP

Abstract This study investigated the effects of max-phase Ti₃SiC₂ and other nanoparticle reinforcements (graphene, CNTs, and SiN) on the mechanical and dynamic properties of friction stir processed (FSPed) AA5083 aluminum composites. Microstructural analysis revealed the impact of these reinforcements on grain size. Dynamic properties were assessed using a free vibration impact test, while mechanical properties were measured through a compression test. Most composites showed enhancements in damping ratio and natural frequency compared to the base alloy, with the Ti₃SiC₂ leading to a substantial increase in natural frequency. The AA5083/max phase Ti3SiC2 composite demonstrated the most significant improvements across nearly all properties, notably enhancing stiffness (+7.35% in E), strength (+25.36% in yield strength), and vibration resistance (+5.83% in fₙ), while significantly reducing damping (−62.76% in ζ). In contrast, the friction stirred AA5083 offered moderate enhancements in strength (+17.86% in yield strength) and a slight increase in natural frequency (+2.00%) but did not significantly improve stiffness and actually increased damping. The base alloy AA5083 served as the baseline for comparison, exhibiting the lowest performance in all categories. The findings highlight the potential of FSP and reinforcement, especially Ti3SiC2, for tailoring the properties of AA5083 for enhanced performance in various applications. These findings emphasize the significance of customizing the reinforcement material to attain the intended mechanical characteristics in AA5083 composites.

The Role of LEM in Mine Slope Safety: A Pre- and Post-Blast Perspective

Slopes are formed as a result of mining operations. These slopes are classified as artificial slopes. Improper planning of slopes can lead to instability and potentially trigger landslides. PT. Allied Indo Coal Jaya employs the open-pit mining method in its coal mining operations. Slopes are naturally formed in open-pit mines. Additionally, PT. Allied Indo Coal Jaya utilizes blasting for rock demolition. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the impact of blasting activities on slope stability. This study investigates the influence of blasting on slope stability in coal mines using the limit equilibrium method (LEM). The study evaluates the effects of factors such as ground vibration, blast distance, and blast hole count on the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes. The limit equilibrium method (Fellenius, Bishop, Janbu, Spencer, and Morgenstern-Price) is employed to determine the factor of safety. The factor of safety is modeled using RocScience SLIDE version 6.0 in this study. The factor of safety (FoS) is defined as the ratio of the stabilizing force to the destabilizing force acting on the slope. This study also models the influence of ground vibration, distance, and total number of blast holes on the factor-of-safety (FoS) value. The results indicate that the slope remains stable both pre- and post-blasting, with an overall FoS value greater than 1 for the five slopes examined using various limit equilibrium method (LEM) techniques. However, the FoS value decreased prior to blasting due to the impact of ground vibration and blast distance. It is evident that the ground vibration (PPA) increases with the number of blast holes. The amount of ground vibration decreases as the number of blast holes increases. An increased number of blast holes leads to a decrease in the FoS value. The observed decline in slope FoS values and the increase in PPAs is attributable to the growing number of blast holes. The type of explosive, along with its power and rate of detonation, influences the amount of energy produced, which in turn affects the degree of ground vibration. The findings indicate that the slopes remain stable (FoS > 1) both before and after blasting, although blasting slightly reduces the FoS. The study reveals that as the number of blast holes increases, both ground vibration (PPA) and the reduction in FoS increase, underscoring the effects of explosive power and detonation rate on slope stability.

Real-time three-dimensional monitoring and analysis of perovskite solar cell using short wavelength infrared digital holography

The quality and crystallization process of all-inorganic perovskite films play a crucial role in the performance of solar cells. However, traditional detection methods lack three-dimensional depth information and real-time capabilities, hindered by strong visible light absorption, posing challenges to research. Here, a simple digital holography technique is proposed that offers real-time, nondestructive, three-dimensional phase imaging with low absorption characteristics in the short-wave infrared range. The use of short-wave infrared reduces the negative impact of visible light and vibrations in the environment on detection accuracy, while being nearly non-absorbing. The proposed method operates at a speed of 15 Hz, combining a lensless vertical structure, holographic reconstruction algorithm, and phase unwrapping algorithm to achieve real-time three-dimensional observation without image distortion and with low noise of the crystallization process of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs)/ethylene-vinyl acetate solution, which crystallizes in 39 s. Subsequently, employing minimum bounding rectangle, field stitching, intensity registration, and sub-pixel level calibration algorithms, real-time characterization is performed on the large-sized droplet of polymethyl methacrylate-matrix-encapsulated CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots, which has a crystallization time of 1285 s, without being limited by the field of view. Finally, using this system, the surface quality of the film is assessed, revealing fluctuations at the edge and fabrication defects of the perovskite film. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of short-wave infrared digital holography in enhancing the film formation process and quality inspection. By leveraging this technology, advancements in the development of high-performance all-inorganic perovskite solar cells can be fostered, optimizing global energy output.

Thickness monitoring of threshing mixture on the oscillating plate of corn grain harvester

Cleaning is a critical operation in the corn grain harvesting process, and the operation is seriously affected by the uneven distribution of the threshing mixture on the oscillating plate. To monitor the thickness of the threshing mixture on the oscillating plate of the corn grain harvester, in this study, we adopted the lever principle to design a corn threshing mixture thickness monitoring device based on the piezoresistive effect and theoretically analyzed the lever impact mechanics. The factors affecting the force on the sensor of the monitoring device are the vibration frequency of the oscillating plate, the thickness of the threshing mixture, and grain moisture content, which were obtained through theoretical analysis. The operational performance of the corn threshing mixture thickness monitoring device was assessed through a set of single-factor experiments, revealing the influence laws of three factors on the impact voltage: vibration frequency, thickness of the threshing mixture, and grain moisture content. A back-propagation (BP)11Back-propagation (BP) neural network prediction model was established using an orthogonal experiment with impact voltage, vibration frequency, and grain moisture content as input layers and the thickness of the corn threshing mixture as the output layer. An STM32 microcontroller was used as the primary control unit to build a thickness monitoring data acquisition and processing system that could process and operate the impact voltage collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration frequency signal collected by a Hall sensor. The data were wirelessly transmitted to a PC to predict the thickness of the threshing mixture by using the trained BP neural network. The experimental results of monitoring the variation in corn threshing mixture thickness demonstrated that the device could effectively monitor changes in thickness. The monitoring accuracy of the monitoring device was found to be over 90%, and the system can be used for monitoring the threshing mixture thickness on the oscillating plate of the corn grain harvester.

Asperity interaction induced vibration excitation of cylindrical roller bearings with localized defect

Asperity interaction induced vibration excitation of cylindrical roller bearings with localized defect

Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Failure Under Vibration

The failure mechanism of square lithium iron phosphate battery cells under vibration conditions was investigated in this study, elucidating the impact of vibration on their internal structure and safety performance using high-resolution industrial CT scanning technology. Various vibration states, including sinusoidal, random, and classical impact modes, were tested to simulate real-world usage scenarios. The findings demonstrate that different vibration conditions exert varying degrees of influence on the battery cells. Despite experiencing slight deformation and displacement after exposure to vibrations, their overall performance remains stable, with no significant safety hazards detected. Moreover, it was observed that while the side gap increases due to the partial absorption of impact load by both the battery cells and connection components, the bottom gap remains unchanged. This study holds immense significance in enhancing electric vehicle safety and reliability, while providing a scientific foundation for future optimization designs of lithium iron phosphate batteries.

New insights into local scour characteristics around vibrating monopiles under combined wave-current conditions

Cyclic lateral vibrations on monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines throughout their service life may affect the local scour around the foundations. While previous studies have explored local scour around vibrating monopile foundations under current-only conditions, the local scour characteristics around these foundations under combined wave-current conditions remains unclear. This experimental study presents new insights into local scour characteristics around vibrating monopile foundations under combined wave-current conditions. A novel dimensionless parameter, the friction velocity-based Froude number (Fr∗), is proposed to quantify the effect of hydrodynamic intensity on the scour process. Based on the Fr∗ values obtained in the experiment, three distinct regimes were identified to characterize the impact of vibrations on the scouring process: In Regime 1 (Fr∗ < 0.055), scour dimensions are more pronounced, while in Regime 3 (Fr∗ > 0.06), they are less significant compared to the equilibrium scour hole around static monopile foundations. In the transitional phase, Regime 2 (0.055 <Fr∗ < 0.06), scour dimensions fluctuate by up to 10.9% relative to static conditions. Additionally, an estimation equation for equilibrium scour depth based on Fr∗ is developed, demonstrating good prediction accuracy and broad applicability. These insights advance the understanding of scour features and provide a valuable reference for predicting scour depth around vibrating monopile foundations in diverse hydrodynamic environments.

Imaging geometric simulation and vibration influence analysis of rotary scanning remote sensing satellites

In response to the lack of in-orbit image and vibration impact measurement methods for new rotary scanning satellites, this paper proposed a satellite imaging geometric simulation method based on 3D rendering engine. Simulated images that reflect strict object-image mapping and real-time dynamic image motion compensation process of TDI cameras are generated. On this basis, the consistency of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) in measuring vibration influence is analyzed, and a theoretical approximate solution for the sensitive frequency of sinusoidal vibration is obtained, which is inversely proportional to the number of rows of the image to be evaluated and the camera integration time. Finally, the correctness of the image motion compensation model is demonstrated through simulations under different working conditions, and the relative deviation between the experimental values of sensitive frequencies and theoretical results is within −15% to 20%.

Fundamental natural frequency and floor impact sound insulation performance of CLT slabs based on wood species and panel connections: An experimental study

The effects of wood species and panel connections on the vibration and heavy-weight impact sound insulation performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) slabs were investigated. CLT panels (5-ply, 150 mm thick, 1 m wide, and 4.2 m long) made of larch (Larix kaempferi) and pine (Pinus densiflora) were manufactured with 30 mm thick laminae, considering three types of joints. Three CLT panels of the same species and joint type were connected using spline joints, butt joints, or half-lap joints to form 3 m wide and 4.2 m long slabs for testing. The floor impact sound insulation performance of the CLT slabs was measured according to KS F ISO 10140-3, using the standard heavy-weight impact source, a rubber ball. Additionally, four accelerometers were installed at 400 mm intervals beneath the CLT slabs to analyze the deflections and natural frequencies of the slabs. The results of the experiment indicated that there were no significant differences depending on the wood species and the CLT panel joints. These findings suggest that wood species and joint methods can be flexibly applied in the design of CLT slabs.

Risk assessment study on the impact of sitting posture on lumbar vibration injury based on finite element method and neural network

Different driving postures may alter the impact of vibrations on the lumbar spine. This study explores the influence of posture on the lumbar spine by analyzing the risk of intervertebral disc vibration injury. Initially, Python language was utilized to develop code to obtain 48 different postural three-dimensional finite element models of the human-chair system. Subsequently, these models underwent harmonic response analyses at frequencies of 5, 7, and 9 Hz, with the maximum Von Mises stress on the L4–L5 intervertebral disc used to calculate the risk factor. Finally, a neural network model was trained using the frequency and posture angles as input values and the risk factor as the output values, enabling prediction of intervertebral disc risk factors in more precise sitting postures. The findings reveal that the posture of the upper body plays a primary role in influencing the lumbar spine, with the thigh posture having a greater impact when the upper body is closer to a vertical position, while the influence of the lower leg posture is minimal. Across all three frequencies, the optimal angle for the upper body is 109°, 109°, 115°, and for the thighs, it is 90°, 90°, 100°. A higher risk factor is observed when the upper body is angled between 90° and 100°. Conversely, an upper body angle between 110° and 120° is deemed acceptable. Vibration at 9 Hz had the greatest impact on the risk of lumbar injury when the upper body is in or close to a vertical sitting position.

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on fatigue life of Inconel 718 machined by high-speed milling: Physics-enhanced machine learning approach

Ultrasonic assisted high-speed machining (UAHSM) can be served as a thermomechanical surface sever plastic deformation (SSPD), because of the high-frequency impact load exerting to the sample together with thermomechanical loads due to shearing and plowing. Despite existing of few works which studied the impact of ultrasonic vibration on fatigue life assessment of difficult-to-cut material by experimental approach, they couldn’t provide an in-depth analysis to identify the underlying mechanisms of fatigue due time-consuming and costly fatigue life tests. Hence, elucidating the role of ultrasonic vibration in UAHSM on variation of fatigue life needs further studies. In order to do so, in the present work, a hybrid predictive approach based using ANFIS-based machine learning model and micromechanical Navaro-Rios (NR) fatigue crack propagation model has been introduced to directly correlates the UAHSM’s parameters to fatigue life. Here the former correlates feed rate, cutting velocity and vibration amplitude as process inputs, to surface integrity aspects (SIA) viz residual stress, roughness and grain size as output. Then, the modeled SIA are correlated to fatigue life using the former. The introduced hybrid model was then verified through series of UAHSM by examining the fatigue lives of milled Inconel 718 using four-point bending fatigue tests. Upon confirmation of the developed model, a comprehensive study was carried out to find how the process factors impact variation of SIA and subsequently fatigue. It was found from the results of developed models and confirmatory experiments that the role of ultrasonic vibration on improved fatigue life is mainly due to inducing compressive residual stress and more refined microstructure than the roughness.

Damage to Steam Turbine Rotors Due to Asynchronous Connections of Electric Generators to the Unified Power System

The article aims to contribute to the ongoing study of damage to steam turbine rotors resulting from asynchronous connection of electric generators to the unified power system. At the present time, the assessment of the residual life of steam turbine equipment is based on the study of the degradation of the mechanical properties of steels and the analysis of the thermal stress state. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of such vibrations on the mechanical properties of rotors and their damage. This goal was achieved by solving the following tasks: developing a 3D model of the K-1000-60/3000 LMZ turbine unit shaft based on design documentation; calculating the stress-strain state of the shaft resulting from asynchronous connections using finite element analysis; and evaluating the level of metal damage in the rotors due to torsional vibrations. The developed mathematical model used a classical approach, replacing the working blades and bandage fastenings with concentrated masses and moments of inertia. The most important results are the calculated rotor damages that occur due to asynchronous connection of the turbogenerator to the unified power system with a synchronization angle of 30°. The greatest damage to the rotor metal was found in the shaft section between the steam turbine and the electric generator. The significance of the results obtained is that the use of this data will improve meth-ods for assessing the remaining life of turbogenerators. This, in turn, will improve the reliability and safety of power plant operations.

Impact of early-age vibration on the permeability and microstructure of mature-age concrete

Dynamic excitation in early-age significantly impacts the performances of mature concrete in underground structures, such as tunnels beneath railways supported by cast-in-place concrete. This study explores the impact of early dynamic excitation on properties of mature concrete. Vibration tests at a fundamental frequency of 114 Hz, with peak acceleration levels ranging from 0.1 g to 0.4 g, were conducted using shaking table. Specimens underwent 33 seconds of dynamic excitation every 15 minutes over the initial 48 hours, excluding a night break from 0 to 6am, totaling 114 vibration cycles. Various lab tests were employed to assess the properties and microstructure of mature concrete post-vibration, including water penetration resistance, capillary water absorption, Coulomb electric flux, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement (NAM). The results proves that vibration causes water secretion and air bubbles discharge before the initial setting of concrete, thereby enhancing the hydration reaction. The relationship between vibration loads with varying peak accelerations and the cohesion resulting from hydration reaction influences the microstructural evolution of concrete, leading to the weakening and strengthening of permeability of mature concrete. Under the vibration spectrum and test conditions described in this paper, vibration loads with peak values less than 0.234 g decrease the total volume of large and middle pores (>20 nm) by up to 50 % and increase the total volume of small pores (<20 nm) by up to 200 %. Due to these changes in pore structure, the permeability coefficient (Sk), cumulative capillary water height (i) and Coulomb electric flux decrease by up to 47.84 %, 39.5 % and 31.6 %, respectively. However, when the amplitudes of vibration loads exceed 0.234 g, the total volume of large and medium pores (>20 nm) increases, and that of small pores (<20 nm) decreases, leading to a reduction of the impermeability of mature concrete. Additionally, the SEM analysis corroborates these microstructural variations.

Nonlinear modeling of ball screw-type inertial container suspension

Abstract In order to better reduce the influence of spring-loaded mass inertia on vehicle suspension performance and make it better adapt to road excitation, this paper proposes a ball screw inertial container suspension configuration with adjustable inertia coefficient. By adjusting the mass of the flywheel part of the passive ball screw inertial container in the radial direction, the rotating radius is changed under the action of centrifugal force, and then the rotating inertia is changed, so that the rotating inertia of the flywheel can be adjusted with the rotating speed of the flywheel itself to achieve the adjustable inertia coefficient. Considering the nonlinear influence of the ball screw inertial container suspension system, a two-freedom nonlinear dynamic model of 1/4 vehicle is established. The model is simulated and analyzed. The results show that, compared with the passive and fixed inertia coefficient ball screw inertial container suspension, the adjustable inertia coefficient is improved by 45%, 11%, and 37%, respectively, compared with the fixed inertia coefficient inertial container suspension. The ball screw inertial container active suspension can effectively suppress the vibration impact of vehicles under road excitation.

Negative impact of vibration on process pipelines of a compressor station with electrically driven gas pumping units

Relevance. In gas industry, the amount of equipment that has outlived its intended service life is increasing every year. In accordance with the law “On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities,” compressor stations are dangerous objects, the reliable operation of which largely determines the condition of main gas pipelines. Technological pipelines of a compressor station are important objects of this system. They are subject to strict requirements due to the action of static and dynamic loads on them. Reliability of compressor stations is based on the results of a study of the condition of the object and the main factors affecting increased wear of equipment. The solution to wear problem is timely monitoring of equipment, in particular level measurement and determining the causes of pipeline vibrations using vibration diagnostics methods, and frequency and modal analysis methods. Aim. To study the causes of increased dynamic loads on the technological piping that arise during the operation of electric and gas pumping units at a compressor station using vibration monitoring methods. Methods. Vibration monitoring methods to analyze the causes of increased vibration values in the process piping of a compressor station with an electric gas pumping unit. Results and conclusions. The authors have measured vibration in a wide frequency band and assessed the technological condition of the main equipment of the compressor station with EGPA-6.3/8200-56/1.44-R based on the regulatory documentation STO Gazprom 2-2.3-324-2009. The main frequencies of the root-mean-square value of the vibration velocity, at which the highest vibration values were observed, were identified, and a modal analysis was performed using ANSYS software. Based on the results of natural studies and modal analysis, it was concluded about the occurrence of resonant high-frequency oscillations, multiple of the rotor rotation frequency.

Balancing Interfacial Toughness and Intrinsic Dissipation for High Adhesion and Thermal Conductivity of Polymer-Based Thermal Interface Materials.

In recent years, adhesive thermal interface materials have attracted much attention because of their reliable adhesion properties on most substrates, preventing moisture, vibration impact, or chemical corrosion damage to components and equipment, as well as solving the heat dissipation problem. However, thermal interface materials have a huge contradiction between strong adhesion and high thermal conductivity. Here, we report a polymer-based thermal interface material consisting of polydimethylsiloxane/spherical aluminum fillers, which possesses both adhesion properties (adhesion strength of 3.59 MPa and adhesion toughness of 1673 J m-2 and enhanced thermal conductivity of 3.90 W m-1 K-1). These excellent properties are attributed to the modified chain structure by introducing acrylate accelerators into the polydimethylsiloxane network, thereby striking a balance between interfacial toughness and intrinsic dissipation. The addition of thermally conductive aluminum fillers not only increases the thermal conductivity but also improves the bulk energy dissipation of the thermal interface material. This work provides a novel strategy for designing a novel thermal interface material, leading to new ideas in long-term applications in high-power electronics.

Research on wheel–rail impact dynamics due to combined rail weld irregularities and polygonal wheel effects considering 3D contact geometry

The geometric irregularities of rail welds and polygonal wheels are common defects observed in high-speed railways, leading to the generation of high-frequency impact forces and vibrations in the wheel–rail contact system. This research establishes a novel vehicle-track coupled dynamic model that incorporates a 3D wheel–rail contact model using meshing grid and conjugate gradient methods to study the high-magnitude wheel–rail impact forces caused by rail weld irregularities and polygonal wheel combinations. The primary objective of this study is to develop a precise 3D contact model that incorporates the actual geometry of wheel and rail surface irregularities into the calculation of vehicle-track dynamic interactions. The study evaluates the effects of 3D rail weld irregularities and polygonal wheels on wheel–rail dynamic interaction by comparing results with those obtained from a conventional vehicle-track coupled model that considers a 2D contact model. The results show that the lengths and depths of polygonal wheels and rail weld irregularities, as well as vehicle speeds, significantly increase the wheel/rail dynamic impact forces. The results also indicate that the widening of irregularities not only significantly affects the wheel–rail contact force but also has an important influence on the contact stiffness.

Improvement of hydrogen reciprocating compressor efficiency: A novel capacity control system and its multi-objective optimization

To enhance the operational efficiency of hydrogen compressors and reduce the costs associated with the storage and transportation of hydrogen, this paper has developed a novel capacity control system (CCS). This system ensures that the compressor accurately compresses hydrogen according to actual demand, driven by an electromagnetic actuator, which simplifies the system design and enhances operational precision. To optimize the system's performance, a multi-objective optimization was conducted. Initially, a hydrogen compressor backflow working model and a comprehensive evaluation index system were established. Subsequently, a three-tier computational multi-objective optimization framework was proposed based on the working model, ultimately determining the optimal combination of key system parameters. A prototype was manufactured and subjected to validation testing and a full life cycle analysis. The results indicate that the developed system can accurately regulate the amount of compressed hydrogen within a range of 0%–100% load. Compared to traditional systems, for the same compressor group, carbon emissions and costs were reduced by 41.93% and 36.49%, respectively. The optimized design of the internal and external resistance angles and the limiter plate thickness are 11°, 16°, and 1 mm, respectively. Compared to the baseline state, the specific energy consumption of the hydrogen compressor per unit of exhaust volume has been reduced by 28.22%. Additionally, during the ejection and retraction processes of the actuator, the peak vibration impact on the hydrogen compressor has been reduced by 77.6% and 73.3%, respectively, achieving optimal comprehensive performance.

Development of fully controlled rock crushing method and its vibration impact during rockfall risk reduction at Assos ancient port: Experimental and field studies

Historical sites are vulnerable to significant damage caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, rockfalls, floods, landslides, and fires. Protecting these invaluable regions necessitates preemptive measures against such disasters. This study delves into the rockfall risk assessment and remediation techniques for Assos, an ancient port with a history spanning over 2000 years. Initially, field surveys were conducted to identify active rockfall potential and precarious blocks within the area. Subsequently, intervention methods were devised, involving the removal of numerous hazardous blocks. A novel approach to rock crushing/breaking was developed specifically for the historical locale, comprising three distinct techniques: Fully Controlled, Splash Controlled, and Free Rock Crushing/Blasting. Additionally, two types of materials, namely Chemical Rock Breaking Powder and Cartridges Containing Pyrotechnic Class Explosives, were employed in refining the method. The subsequent phase of the research aims to evaluate the impact of recorded vibrations on historical artifacts and structures within the ancient site, with a particular focus on potential structural damage. To this end, seven rock crushing/breaking experiments were conducted, employing five different accelerometers strategically placed near the experimental site to measure vibrations in the historical structures. The findings have been analyzed in accordance with international standards, including DIN 4150/3, USBM RI-8507, and the Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulation. The assessment specifically scrutinized the condition of historical structures. In summary, during rock crushing operations employing chemical rock crusher powder (W=17 kg), the highest maximum particle velocity recorded at the closest distance to the operation point was 0.031 mm/s. These measurements fell comfortably below the specified damage criterion outlined in the norms. As a result, utilizing this method, over 7500 m³ of hazardous rock blocks were successfully broken and removed from the slope, while concurrently erecting rockfall protection structures. Ultimately, this comprehensive approach led to a reduction in regional rockfall risk, facilitating the safe reopening of Assos to visitors.

A high-precision visual detection method for rail profile based on Scheimpflug condition

Rail profile is an important indicator of rail service status, which should be always kept in good condition. How to efficiently collect rail profiles with high precision is a critical issue for their condition-based maintenance. This paper focuses on the method for accurate visual detection of rail full profile (RFP), including optical modeling, visual calibration, and error compensation. The proposed optical unit, featuring double line structured-light sensors, introduces an innovative method under the Scheimpflug condition to avoid the limitation of depth of field in RFP measurement. Subsequently, double visual sensors are calibrated together using the common reference target to extract the internal and external parameters respectively. The dynamic errors resulting from the impact of vehicle vibrations are ultimately investigated to rectify the distorted profiles to the normal. Both laboratory and field tests are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of precision and efficiency.