Viable Preparation Research Articles

Bifid triple viable preparation combined with enteral nutrition as a supportive treatment for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The benefits and risks of bifid triple viable preparations in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are still controversial. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bifid triple viable preparations in combination with enteral nutrition for the management of AIS. Eight public databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, VIP, WanFang, EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for relevant clinical literature, published through January 2024. These data were then used in the present meta-analysis. A total of 15 studies involving 1,544 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In terms of nutritional status, the results showed that compared with enteral nutrition alone, the bifid triple viable preparation combination group increased the levels of total protein (mean difference [MD], 5.53; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.94-9.12; p = 0.003), albumin (MD, 4.01; 95%CI, 2.96-5.06; p < 0.00001), prealbumin (MD, 23.08; 95%CI, 16.22-29.95; p < 0.00001), hemoglobin (MD, 9.31; 95%CI, 6.34-12.27; p < 0.00001), and transferrin (MD, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.23-1.05; p = 0.002); in terms of neurological function, it improved the Glasgow Coma Scale (MD, 2.09; 95%CI, 0.69-3.49; p = 0.003), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (MD, -3.07; 95%CI, -3.73 to -2.40; p < 0.00001), and Neurological Disability Score (MD, -6.68; 95%CI, -7.29 to -6.08; p < 0.00001); in terms of intestinal barrier function, it reduced the levels of endotoxin (MD, -0.55; 95%CI, -0.71 to -0.39; p < 0.00001), D-lactic acid (MD, -3.17; 95%CI, -4.07 to -2.26; p < 0.00001), diamine oxidase (MD, -4.39; 95%CI, -6.20 to -2.57; p < 0.00001), and endothelin (MD, -21.35; 95%CI, -27.86 to -14.83; p < 0.00001); in terms of immune function, it increased the levels of immunoglobulin G (MD, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.20-1.82; p = 0.01) and immunoglobulin M (MD, 0.16; 95%CI, 0.02-0.30; p = 0.03). Additionally, it reduced the incidence of pulmonary infection, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea, while there were no significant differences in total adverse events, abdominal distension, anorexia, reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding, or electrolyte disturbance. The addition of bifid triple viable preparation to enteral nutrition improved the nutritional status, neurological function, intestinal barrier function, and immune function of patients with AIS, and reduced the risk of infection and gastrointestinal events.

Processability and Separability of Commercial Anti-Corrosion Coatings Produced by In Situ Hydrogen-Processing of Magnetic Scrap (HPMS) Recycling of NdFeB.

The recycling of NdFeB magnets is necessary to ensure a reliable and ethical supply of rare earth elements as critical raw materials. This has been recognized internationally, prompting the implementation of large-scale legislative measured aimed at its resolution; for example, an ambitious recycling quote has been established in the Critical Raw Materials Act Successful recycling in sufficient quantities is challenged by product designs that do not allow the extraction and recycling of these high-performance permanent magnets without excessive effort and cost. This is particularly true for smaller motors using NdFeB magnets. Therefore, methods of recycling such arrangements with little or no dismantling are being researched. They are tested for the hydrogen-processing of magnetic scrap (HPMS) method, a short-loop mechanical recycling process. As contamination of the recycled material with residues of anti-corrosion coatings, adhesives, etc., may lead to downcycling, the separability of such residues from bulk magnets and magnet powder is explored. It is found that the hydrogen permeability, expansion volume, and the chosen coating affect the viable preparation and separation methods as recyclability-relevant design features.

Isolation of Mouse Neutrophils.

Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited or acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and suffering adverse outcomes from these infections. Therefore, research aiming at defining the molecular factors that modulate neutrophil effector function under homeostatic conditions and during infection is essential for devising strategies to augment neutrophil function and improve the outcomes of infected individuals. This article describes reproducible density-gradient-centrifugation-based as well as positive and negative immunomagnetic selection protocols that can be applied in any laboratory to harvest large numbers of highly enriched and highly viable neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice. In another protocol, we also present a method that combines gentle enzymatic tissue digestion with a positive immunomagnetic selection technique or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to harvest highly pure and highly viable preparations of neutrophils directly from mouse tissues such as the kidney, the liver, or the spleen. Mouse neutrophils isolated by these protocols can be used to examine several aspects of cellular function ex vivo, including pathogen binding, phagocytosis, and killing, neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative burst, degranulation, and cytokine production, and for performing neutrophil adoptive transfer experiments. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of Neutrophils from Mouse Bone Marrow Using Positive Immunomagnetic Separation Alternate Protocol 1: Purification of Neutrophils from Bone Marrow Using Negative Immunomagnetic Separation Alternate Protocol 2: Purification of Neutrophils from Bone Marrow Using Histopaque-Based Density Gradient Centrifugation Basic Protocol 2: Isolation of Neutrophils from Mouse Tissues Using Positive Immunomagnetic Separation Alternate Protocol 3: Isolation of Neutrophils from Mouse Tissues Using FACS.

Economic and environmentally viable preparation of a biodegradable polymer composite from lignocellulose

Composites consisting of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) produced from corn grains and additives produced from corn stover (cellulose and lignin) exhibit excellent economic and environmental feasibility. The generated composites were studied through experiments and simulations. The inclusion of cellulose and lignin increases the ductility of PLA and reduces its tensile strength because of the reduction in the crystallinity of PLA. PLA composites show similar hydrolytic stability to PLA. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the composites increase with their lignin content. The minimum selling price (MSP) and global warming potential (GWP) of all PLA composites were investigated. The possible ranges of MSP and GWP of each PLA composite were validated through uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. The MSP and GWP of the optimized PLA composite (PLA with 20 % cellulose + lignin) were 1.62 $/kg and 2.6 kg-CO2eq/kg, respectively. The PLA price and ratio in the proposed composites are the major factors affecting their economic and environmental potentials.

Formulation and evaluation of Yemeni potash alum as hydrophilic topical preparations against bacterial skin infections

Skin and soft tissue infections are common. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause most bacterial skin infections. Yemen's alum is a natural mineral with potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. The current study aimed to verify Yemen alum's antibacterial activity against chosen bacterial strains to formulate a valuable topical preparation. We formulated twenty-three formulations involving four non-adjusted aqueous solutions, eight adjusted pH aqueous solutions, three Oil/Water cream formulations, and eight glycerin solutions, all with different alum concentrations. After that, we evaluated the antibacterial efficacy against the selected bacterial strains. Additionally, we performed stability testing (almost six weeks) to determine the chosen preparations' estimated shelf life (t90). Alum showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, it was concluded that Oil/Water cream (10% alum) is viable preparation for large-scale production.

Vaginal Probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus Seems to Inhibit Sperm Activity and Subsequently Reduces Pregnancies in Rat.

BackgroundThe vaginal microbiota is associated with the health of the female reproductive system and the offspring. Lactobacillus crispatus belongs to one of the most important vaginal probiotics, while its role in the agglutination and immobilization of human sperm, fertility, and offspring health is unclear.MethodsAdherence assays, sperm motility assays, and Ca2+-detecting assays were used to analyze the adherence properties and sperm motility of L. crispatus Lcr-MH175, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, engineered S. typhimurium VNP20009 DNase I, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro. The rat reproductive model was further developed to study the role of L. crispatus on reproduction and offspring health, using high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR, and molecular biology techniques.ResultsOur results indicated that L. crispatus, VNP20009, VNP20009 DNase I, and E. coli O157:H7 significantly inhibited the sperm motility in vitro via adversely affecting the sperm intracellular Ca2+ concentration and showed a high adhesion to sperms. The in vivo results indicated that L. crispatus and other tested bacteria greatly reduced the pregnancy rates, but L. crispatus had a positive effect on maternal health and offspring development. Moreover, the transplantation of L. crispatus could sustain a normal bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota in healthy rats and markedly reduced the expression of uterine inflammatory factors (toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor-α, production of interleukin-1β, etc.) and apoptosis factors (Fas Ligand, Bcl-2-associated X protein/B cell lymphoma-2, etc.) compared with the other tested strains.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the vaginal probiotic L. crispatus greatly affected the sperm activity and could also reduce pregnancies through its adhesion property, which might account for some unexplained infertility. Therefore, more caution should be paid when using L. crispatus as a vaginal viable preparation in women of child-bearing age, especially for women whose partners have abnormal sperms.

Antimicrobial and catalytic activities of biosynthesized gold, silver and palladium nanoparticles from Solanum nigurum leaves

The field of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine paves way for the use of several nanoparticles. Especially, in biomedical applications, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are found most vital and promising, among other nanoparticles. The biomedical activities of these particles mostly depend on their shape, size and distribution. Preparation of these particles in an eco-friendly method is an immediate need of the society. Herein, AuNPs, AgNPs and PdNPs (MNPS) were synthesized by Solanum nigrum Leaves (SNL) extract. The structural and morphological studies were carried out by using TEM, XRD and EDAX, while the optical and chemical properties were studied using UV–visible spectrum and FTIR spectroscopy. The particles obtained were found to possess a FCC (Face Centered Cubic) structure. TEM images of Ag, Au and PdNPs showed spherical well dispersed nanoparticles with average size of 3.46 nm, 9.39 nm and 21.55 nm respectively. The FTIR spectra confirmed polyphenols and antioxidants in SNL extract act as reducing and capping agents respectively in the synthesis of MNPs. The EDX technique confirmed the presence of silver, gold and palladium nanoparticles. Antimicrobial studies noted that the AgNPs have effective inhibition against E. coli. The complete reduction of 4-Nitrophenol and the formation of 4-Aminophenol with the presence of NaBH4 was chosen for the study of catalytic activities of the prepared MNPs. The reduction time of Au and Pd catalyst were smaller compared to that of Ag. This viable preparation method for producing small spherical shaped nanoparticles expected to the applied to the fields of nanomedicine.

Phytochemical study of Waltheria viscosissima and evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti

The species Waltheria viscosissima A.St.–Hil, Malvaceae, which is known as ‘malva-branca’, is traditionally used in the Brazilian northeast for the treatment of coughs. This research looks towards reporting the isolation of phytoconstituents of W. viscosissima, as well as the quantification of its phenolics, total flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging potential, along with an evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae. Chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the compounds and a structural elucidation was performed by 1D and 2D NMR. The quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and the DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity was determined through spectrophotometric methods. Consequently, the phytochemical investigation led to the identification of fourteen compounds from the aerial parts of the W. viscosissima: steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and eight flavonoids previously reported in the literature. The quantification of compounds showed that the aerial parts extract possessed high concentration of flavonoids, while the roots extract were rich in other phenolic compounds. At the DPPH˙ free radical scavenging assay, the roots extract presented EC50 = 77.32 ± 4.37 µg/ml and the aerial parts extracts showed EC50 = 118.10 ± 1.21 µg/ml. W. viscosissima roots extract showed the most potent larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 4.78 mg/ml), with the potential of being used in effective and economically viable preparations that can be catered for domestic use towards controlling the vector insect of severe diseases, such as dengue and Zika.

Effects of preoperative oral administration of glucose solution combined with postoperative probiotics on inflammation and intestinal barrier function in patients after colorectal cancer surgery.

The effects of preoperative oral administration of glucose solution combined with postoperative probiotics on inflammation and intestinal barrier function in patients after colorectal cancer surgery were observed. Sixty patients treated and scheduled to undergo radical resection of colorectal cancer in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from March 2017 to December 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the glucose solution group (n=30) and combined probiotics group (n=30). Patients in both groups took orally 12.5% glucose solution before surgery, and those in the combined probiotics group received bifidus-triple viable preparation every day for 7 consecutive days. Changes in endotoxin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-lactic acid and urinary lactulose/mannitol (L/M) were detected before surgery and at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. The general condition was observed and changes in intestinal florae were compared between the two groups. The body temperature was measured every 4 h with an electronic thermometer, and the duration of fever was recorded (from the first day after operation to the time with normal body temperature after operation, axillary temperature <37.4°C), and the average heart rate was recorded by the ECG monitor. In addition, the time of the first anal exsufflation (the time from the beginning of the operation to the first anal exsufflation) was recorded. In the combined probiotics group, the plasma endotoxin, IGF-I concentration, D-lactic acid and urinary L/M levels were significantly lower than those in the glucose solution group (P<0.05). Moreover, the duration of postoperative fever, average heart rate at 7 days after surgery as well as WBC and CRP clinical indexes were obviously shorter and lower in the combined probiotics group than those in the glucose solution group (P<0.05). Therefore, the combined application of probiotics after surgery can effectively improve the imbalance of intestinal flora. In conclusion, preoperative oral administration of glucose solution combined with postoperative probiotics can improve the intestinal barrier function after colorectal cancer surgery, and benefit the recovery of early inflammatory response after surgery.

Placental tissue metabolome analysis by GC-MS: Oven-drying is a viable sample preparation method

Analysis of the human placenta metabolome has great potential to advance the understanding of complicated pregnancies and deleterious fetal outcomes in remote populations, but samples preparation can present unique challenges. Herein, we introduce oven-drying as a simple and widely available method of sample preparation that will facilitate investigations of the placental metabolome from remote and under-studied populations. Placentae from complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies were prepared in three ways (oven-dried at 60 °C, fresh, lyophilized) for metabolome analysis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multiple computer models (e.g. PLS-DA, ANN) were employed to classify and determine if there was a difference in placentae metabolome and a group of metabolites with high variable importance in projection scores across the three preparations and by complicated vs. control groups. The analyses used herein were shown to be thorough and sensitive. Indeed, significant differences were detected in metabolomes of complicated vs. uncomplicated pregnancies; however, there were no statistical differences in the metabolome of placentae prepared by oven-drying vs. lyophilization vs. fresh placentae. Oven-drying is a viable sample preparation method for placentae intended for use in metabolite analysis via GC-MS. These results open many possibilities for researching metabolome patterns associated with fetal outcomes in remote and resource-poor communities worldwide.

Composting – Recent Investigations for Specimen Preparation

Preparators and taxidermists spend a great deal of time preparing osteological materials before these can enter collections. The different preparation methods can have variable results and even the type of specimen being prepared can impact on its overall finish after preparation. This can often result in a lot of extra preparation work to finish or tidy up specimens. Common methods for preparation include maceration, dermestid beetles, burial and composting. Most techniques require initial preparation (flensing) and subsequent work that often introduces more chemicals or handling of the specimens. Each method has uncontrolled elements and difficulties. Dermestids are sometimes temperamental in their preferences and require a lot of care to maintain. Maceration often involves additives like detergents or follow-up chemical treatments. Burial is often highly uncontrolled, leading to problems of drainage and the build-up of unwanted pH environments. Marine mammals or larger specimens present further challenges, being oily or too large to process onsite. When these types of specimens are buried they must often be further processed before entering the collections. All of these different processes can have an impact on the long-term preservation of the individual specimens, which is a concern for conservators. A separate project was set up to investigate how illegally traded bones (tiger in this case) are affected by various environmental (“preparation”) conditions. A series of stations was set up simulating different environments, one being a compost. This started off further investigations into composting as a viable routine preparation technique. We will contrast the recent recovery of three buried beaked whales with composting trials of a frozen unflensed beaked whale skull and a small whole dolphin. The composting techniques seem to allow greater control, and produced excellent results. Our visual results will be complemented with data from the compost site, such as temperature loggers. This is currently an ongoing investigation and it is hoped that further data will be collected over time, such as pH testing of soil samples from burial sites and compost sites. Data from two trials at the Australian Museum – a larger outdoor controlled compost heap and smaller plastic tub composts – will be presented. This project highlights the importance of data collection during specimen preparation. The pathways a specimen goes through before entering a collection have an impact on its long-term preservation and research potential. These data need to be retained.

"Self-Peel-Off" Transfer Produces Ultrathin Polyvinylidene-Fluoride-Based Flexible Nanodevices.

Here, a new strategy, self‐peel‐off transfer, for the preparation of ultrathin flexible nanodevices made from polyvinylidene‐fluoride (PVDF) is reported. In this process, a functional pattern of nanoparticles is transferred via peeling from a temporary substrate to the final PVDF film. This peeling process takes advantage of the differences in the work of adhesion between the various layers (the PVDF layer, the nanoparticle‐pattern layer and the substrate layer) and of the high stresses generated by the differential thermal expansion of the layers. The work of adhesion is mainly guided by the basic physical/chemical properties of these layers and is highly sensitive to variations in temperature and moisture in the environment. The peeling technique is tested on a variety of PVDF‐based functional films using gold/palladium nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and lithium iron phosphate. Several PVDF‐based flexible nanodevices are prepared, including a single‐sided wireless flexible humidity sensor in which PVDF is used as the substrate and a double‐sided flexible capacitor in which PVDF is used as the ferroelectric layer and the carrier layer. Results show that the nanodevices perform with high repeatability and stability. Self‐peel‐off transfer is a viable preparation strategy for the design and fabrication of flexible, ultrathin, and light‐weight nanodevices.

Ultrasound-Induced Organogel Formation Followed by Thin Film Fabrication via Simple Doctor Blading Technique for Field-Effect Transistor Applications.

We demonstrate doctor blading technique to fabricate high performance transistors made up of printed small molecular materials. In this regard, we synthesize a new soluble phthalocyanine, tetra-n-butyl peripheral substituted copper(II) phthalocaynine (CuBuPc), that can easily undergo gel formation upon ultrasonic irradiation, leading to the formation of three-dimensional (3D) network composed of one-dimensional (1D) nanofibers structure. Finally, taking the advantage of thixotropic nature of the CuBuPc organogel, we use the doctor blade processing technique that limits the material wastage for the fabrication of transistor devices. Due to the ultrasound induced stronger π-π interaction, the transistor fabricated by doctor blading based on CuBuPc organogel exhibits significant increase in charge carrier mobility in comparison with other solution process techniques, thus paving a way for a simple and economically viable preparation of electronic circuits.

Natural killer cells regulate T cell immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis.

The hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the presence of autoreactive T- and B-cell responses that target biliary epithelial cells (BECs). Biliary cell cytotoxicity is dependent upon initiation of innate immune responses followed by chronic adaptive, as well as bystander, mechanisms. Critical to these mechanisms are interactions between natural killer (NK) cells and BECs. We have taken advantage of the ability to isolate relatively pure viable preparations of liver-derived NK cells, BECs, and endothelial cells, and studied interactions between NK cells and BECs and focused on the mechanisms that activate autoreactive T cells, their dependence on interferon (IFN)-γ, and expression of BEC major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Here we show that at a high NK/BEC ratio, NK cells are cytotoxic for autologous BECs, but are not dependent on autoantigen, yet still activate autoreactive CD4(+) T cells in the presence of antigen presenting cells. In contrast, at a low NK/BEC ratio, BECs are not lysed, but IFN-γ production is induced, which facilitates expression of MHC class I and II molecules on BEC and protects them from lysis upon subsequent exposure to autoreactive NK cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ secreted from NK cells after exposure to autologous BECs is essential for this protective function and enables autoreactive CD4(+) T cells to become cytopathic. NK cell-mediated innate immune responses are likely critical at the initial stage of PBC, but also facilitate and maintain the chronic cytopathic effect of autoantigen-specific T cells, essential for progression of disease.

Isolation of Mouse Neutrophils.

Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited and acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and suffering adverse outcomes from these infections. Therefore, research aiming at defining the molecular factors that modulate neutrophil effector function under homeostatic conditions and during infection is essential for devising strategies to augment neutrophil function and improve the outcome of infected individuals. This unit describes a reproducible density gradient centrifugation-based protocol that can be applied in any laboratory to harvest large numbers of highly enriched and highly viable neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice both at the steady state and following infection with Candida albicans as described in UNIT. In another protocol, we also present a method that combines gentle enzymatic tissue digestion with a positive immunomagnetic selection technique or Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to harvest highly pure and highly viable preparations of neutrophils directly from mouse tissues such as the kidney, the liver or the spleen. Finally, methods for isolating neutrophils from mouse peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood are included. Mouse neutrophils isolated by these protocols can be used for examining several aspects of cellular function ex vivo including pathogen binding, phagocytosis and killing, neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative burst, degranulation and cytokine production, and for performing neutrophil adoptive transfer experiments.

Properties of single FDB fibers following a collagenase digestion for studying contractility, fatigue, and pCa-sarcomere shortening relationship.

The objective of this study was to optimize the approach to obtain viable single flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers following a collagenase digestion. A first aim was to determine the culture medium conditions for the collagenase digestion. The MEM yielded better fibers in terms of morphology and contractility than the DMEM. The addition of FBS to culture media was crucial to prevent fiber supercontraction. The addition of FBS to the physiological solution used during an experiment was also beneficial, especially during fatigue. Optimum FBS concentration in MEM was 10% (vol/vol), and for the physiological solution, it ranged between 0.2 and 1.0%. A second aim was to document the stability of single FDB fibers. If tested the day of the preparation, most fibers (∼80%) had stable contractions for up to 3 h, normal stimulus duration strength to elicit contractions, and normal and stable resting membrane potential during prolonged microelectrode penetration. A third aim was to document their fatigue kinetics. Major differences in fatigue resistance were observed between fibers as expected from the FDB fiber-type composition. All sarcoplasmic [Ca(2+)] and sarcomere length parameters returned to their prefatigue levels after a short recovery. The pCa-sarcomere shortening relationship of unfatigued fibers is very similar to the pCa-force curve reported in other studies. The pCa-sarcomere shortening from fatigue data is complicated by large decreases in sarcomere length between contractions. It is concluded that isolation of single fibers by a collagenase digestion is a viable preparation to study contractility and fatigue kinetics.

Proteomic analysis of gliosomes from mouse brain: identification and investigation of glial membrane proteins.

Astrocytes are being increasingly recognized as crucial contributors to neuronal function at synapses, axons, and somas. Reliable methods that can provide insight into astrocyte proteins at the neuron-astrocyte functional interface are highly desirable. Here, we conducted a mass spectrometry analysis of Percoll gradient-isolated gliosomes, a viable preparation of glial subcellular particles often used to study mechanisms of astrocytic transmitter uptake and release and their regulation. Gliosomes were compared with synaptosomes, a preparation containing the neurotransmitter release machinery, and, accordingly, synaptosomes were enriched for proteins involved in synaptic vesicle-mediated transport. Interestingly, gliosome preparations were found to be enriched for different classes of known astrocyte proteins, such as VAMP3 (involved in astrocyte exocytosis), Ezrin (perisynaptic astrocyte cytoskeletal protein), and Basigin (astrocyte membrane glycoprotein), as well as for G-protein-mediated signaling proteins. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD001375. Together, these data provide the first detailed description of the gliosome proteome and show that gliosomes can be a useful preparation to study glial membrane proteins and associated processes.

ChemInform Abstract: Industrially Viable Preparation of (R)‐3‐Quinuclidinol, a Key Building Block of Muscarine M1, M3 Agonists and M3 Antagonists.

(R)-3-Quinuclidinol (R-1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-3-ol, 2a) is used as a building block in the synthesis of muscarine M1 and M3 agonists as well as for muscarine M3 antagonists. 1 Talsaclidine fumara...

Biocatalytically active silCoat-composites entrapping viable Escherichia coli

Application of whole cells in industrial processes requires high catalytic activity, manageability, and viability under technical conditions, which can in principle be accomplished by appropriate immobilization. Here, we report the identification of carrier material allowing exceptionally efficient adsorptive binding of Escherichia coli whole cells hosting catalytically active carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis (CPCR2). With the immobilizates, composite formation with both hydrophobic and hydrophilized silicone was achieved, yielding advanced silCoat-material and HYsilCoat-material, respectively. HYsilCoat-whole cells were viable preparations with a cell loading up to 400 mg(E. coli) · g(-1)(carrier) and considerably lower leaching than native immobilizates. SilCoat-whole cells performed particularly well in neat substrate exhibiting distinctly increased catalytic activity.

Industrially Viable Preparation of (R)-3-Quinuclidinol, a Key Building Block of Muscarine M1, M3 Agonists and M3 Antagonists

(R)-3-Quinuclidinol (R-1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-3-ol, 2a) is used as a building block in the synthesis of muscarine M1 and M3 agonists as well as for muscarine M3 antagonists. 1 Talsaclidine fumara...