Veterinary Welfare Research Articles

Parasitic contamination of environmental objects with nematode eggs of Trichuris genus in the city of Poltava

The spreading of dog digestive tract helminthoses, including trichurosis, still remains a topical problem, where one of the factors of significant infestations’ spreading is the contamination of the environment with parasites’ eggs, which can be preserved in the environment for a long time and cause infestation of susceptible animals. Therefore, one of the important factors in maintaining veterinary well-being in relation to dog trichurosis is establishing the contamination level of environmental objects by propagative stages of nematode development. The purpose of the research was to determine contamination indicators of sand and soil in the city of Poltava with nematode eggs of Trichuris genus. The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory of parasitology of Poltava State Agrarian University. Sand samples from sandboxes located on the territory of the city of Poltava, as well as soil from the territories adjacent to them were studied. The main contamination indicators were the extensive contamination index and intensive contamination index. It was revealed by the conducted research that 61 out of 90 sandboxes in the city of Poltava were contaminated with nematode eggs of Trichuris genus, where the extensive contamination index made 67.78 %, and the intensive contamination index made 195.79±18.41 eggs/kg. The territory of Kyiv district was the most contaminated with nematode eggs, where 25 out of 30 sandboxes were contaminated with propagative stages of trichurises development, and the level of parasites’ contamination was 83.33 % and 218.91±17.27 eggs/kg. It was found that the most infected sand was taken from the surface at the edges of the sandbox, near its walls, where the extensive and intensive contamination indices made 41.11 % and 320.27±35.43 eggs/kg, respectively. Also, high rates of parasitic infestation were found during studying the soil, taken from the surface at a distance of 1 m from the sandbox, where, on the average, the extensive contamination index was 46.67 %, and the intensive contamination index was 263.90±28.87 eggs/kg. With an increase in the sampling depth, the indicators of contamination with trichurises’ eggs decreased and amounted to: on the surface – 36.67–46.67 % and 120.37–320.7 eggs/kg, at a depth of 5 cm – 14.44–30.00 % and 80.77–274.07 eggs/kg, and at a depth of 10 cm – 8.89–20.00 % and 62.50–125.00 eggs/kg. The obtained results of parasitological studies prove that the territory of sandboxes is a real factor in the transmission of invasive agents, which must be taken into account in assessing the risks of infecting dogs with trichurosis causative agent.

Ethnomedicinal survey of the Paliyar tribe: a case study of Kadamalaikundu, Theni District

AbstractThe Paliyar tribe of Kadamalaikundu, Theni District of Tamil Nadu, India, has been deeply associated with forestry and ethnomedicinal practices for ages. The study aimed to identify the important medicinal plant species used by this tribe for ethnomedicinal purposes in the local vicinity. Eighty-nine informants were interviewed using the ‘specimen display’ and forest walk method, semi-structured open-ended questionnaires, interviews, and personal observations. The people from the region reported ninety-three plant species having medicinal properties. The Solanaceae family was recorded as the most dominant plant family, reporting seven different species of medicinal plants, followed by six species of the Acanthaceae family. In the study, Coccinia grandis had the highest use value (2.5), followed by Withania somnifera (2). In contrast, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Gossypium hirsutum, and Ocimum tenuiflorum with use value (1) and the ICF (Informant Consensus Factor) of value 1 accounted for 15 diseases out of forty-one categorized ailments. This study confirmed that the Paliyar tribe was dependent on a large number of medicinal plants for their primary healthcare and veterinary well-being, which require immediate conservation owing to their population fragmentation and the reluctance of the younger generation to adopt ethnomedicinal practices as occupation, which could lead to the loss of traditional knowledge as well. The study also documented the various important medicinal plant uses that could pave the way to the new pharmacological dimensions for modern wellness programs.

Veterinarian-Chasing A Dream Job? A Comparative Survey on Wellbeing and Stress Levels among European Veterinarians between 2018 and 2023.

Whilst recognizing the abundantly positive aspects within the different domains of the veterinary profession, the challenging socio-economic and cultural working climate has been identified as a source of veterinary mental wellbeing issues. This mixed methods study provides an overview of the mental state of veterinarians across Europe via two cross-sectional surveys in 2018/2019 (n = 14,559 veterinarians) and in 2022/2023 (n = 12,393 veterinarians). Mental wellbeing was assessed using 3 indicators: self-reported stress levels, the need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing (22% and 23%, resp., in 2018/2019 and 2022/2023) and the seven-question Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (2018/2019: 25, 2022/2023: 24.8). In both surveys, important differences were spotlighted between countries, but early-career veterinarians and female veterinarians were most at risk of decreased mental wellbeing all over Europe for all indicators. In conclusion, stress levels and need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing remained at comparatively high levels across the two surveys and standardized mental wellbeing scores remained equally low. Notwithstanding the increased attention given to veterinary wellbeing in the last decade, our results underline that major efforts remain necessary, by creating more supportive and attractive workplaces that prioritize wellbeing, a good work/life balance, and providing job satisfaction.

State and prospects of external economic activity in Russian horse breeding in 2015–2023

The article examines the dynamics of export and import indicators of horse breeding products (in the category of goods “Live horses”) from 2015 to 2022, both in absolute and monetary terms, including taking into account the categories of breeding and use animals. For the first time, the foreign trade balance of the horse breeding industry in 2019–2022 has been analyzed, and the prospects for domestic and foreign markets for the products of Russian horse breeding farms have been assessed. It has been established that the export flows of the eastern regions of the country, and primarily the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Republic of Tyva, the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic, are focused primarily on the Republic of Kazakhstan, which makes commercial farms for the production of horses for meat production in the Siberian Federal District dependent on the political situation in Central Asia and the general state of veterinary well-being of the region. The ban on the export of horses classified as luxury goods from the European Union, introduced as part of a package of anti-Russian sanctions, affected the import of breeding and use animals, significantly limiting the opportunities for domestic consumers focused on trained horses. The state program for the development of horse breeding in the Republic of Uzbekistan may influence the increase in demand for products from enterprises involved in breeding riding horses.

Вехи славной истории военной ветеринарии

The data on the development of domestic military veterinary medicine are summarized. The analysis of historical documents gives an idea of the main stages of the formation and development of the military veterinary service. During the data analysis, the article examines the stages of improving veterinary medicine and the formation of its scientific base and research methods, the contribution of outstanding researchers and the creation of veterinary scientific and educational schools. The development of military veterinary medicine has played a key role in combating epizootics and ensuring the veterinary well-being of the Armed Forces. The problems and tasks being solved to ensure the veterinary well-being of the country and its armed forces, as well as issues of epizootics and the organization of veterinary business and the specifics of their solution in various economic and political conditions are considered. Special attention is paid to the formation and development of veterinary education in Russia. Teaching the "History of Veterinary Medicine" is currently acquiring a new ideological significance and is an impetus to popularize the glorious path of development and formation of domestic veterinary education.

Microbial carriage of Dermanyssus gallinae ticks

The effectiveness of the development of the poultry industry depends on the veterinary well-being of farms, in particular, in relation to invasive diseases. One of the most widespread ectoparasites among poultry farms is the gamasic mite Dermanyssus gallinae. As a result of tick parasitism, the egg and meat productivity of chickens decreases, often the death of young birds. Dermanyssus ticks are hematophagous and can be carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases of chickens, including zooanthroponosis. The research method was used to investigate the presence of specific pathogens carried by Dermanyssus gallinae. In laboratory conditions, inoculation was carried out from the homogenate of ticks isolated from chickens and objects of poultry premises on nutrient media (blood agar, yolk-salt agar, Saburo, Simmons, Endo, Ploskirev, bismuth-sulfite agar). As a result of bacteriological studies of Dermanyssus gallinae isolated from different substrates, microorganisms belonging to three species and four genera were isolated – Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli. Dermanyssus ticks isolated from chickens were carriers of only two genera and one species of microorganisms – Staphylococcus spp. (37.5 %) and Euterococcus facalis (31.3 %). Moreover, monoisolates (77.8 %) were most often isolated from ticks, the majority of which were Staphylococcus spp. (44.5 %), less – Enterococcus faecalis (33.3 %). Bacterial associations were rarely identified (22.2 %). Dermanyssus ticks, isolated from the objects of the poultry house environment, turned out to be carriers of a larger spectrum of microorganisms, where Staphylococcus spp. were more often isolated (100 %) and Escherichia coli (43.8 %), less often – Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5 %) and Enterococcus faecalis (18.8 %). The isolates were dominated by associations of microorganisms (62.5 %). The monoisolate was represented only by Staphylococcus spp. (37.5 %). The data obtained by us regarding the isolated microorganisms further expand the vector role of D. gallinae, proving their danger for poultry enterprises producing food products. In general, dermanyssiosis can seriously affect the health of chickens both because of ectoparasites – hematophages, and because of the ability to transmit pathogens.

The Veterinary Wellbeing Webinar Series

Mental health and wellbeing is a hot topic in the veterinary industry at present, with statistics highlighting the impact mental health is having on the profession. In November, The Veterinary Nurse co-hosted a series of webinars, aiming to provide support and information across a variety of topics including mental health, self-compassion and the benefits of flexible working.

Parasitic diseases of rabbits (distribution, diagnosis and treatment)

This review presents data on the most common causative agents of protozooses, helminthiases, and ectoparasitic diseases of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Linnaeus, 1758), which are of interest to veterinarians. Modern methods of diagnosing parasitic diseases in rabbits have been determined. Chemotherapeutic drugs available on the world pharmaceutical market for therapeutic and preventive treatments in rabbits are listed. The main causative agents of protozoan, helminthic, and ectoparasitic diseases of rabbits are considered, considering the modern systematic position of parasites. The features of the distribution of parasitic diseases in Ukraine and the world, according to the data of well-known scientists in the field of veterinary parasitology, are briefly given. Information on the specifics of the use of antiparasitic drugs in the case of animals affected by protozooses, helminths, and ticks is summarized. The work briefly provides information on the most common medicines and chemical combinations that are the active ingredients of these drugs (their chemical names existing in different countries, synonyms, and main pharmacological properties). Information on the dosage and features of the use of antiparasitic agents in the case of rabbit diseases is given following the data of modern scientific literature and the relevant recommendations for their industrial use. During the inspection, it was established that rabbits are most often affected by eimeriosis (coccidiosis). Currently, 15 species of Eimeria spp. have been identified. Young animals (2–6 months) are most susceptible to eimeriosis. The peak of infestation in the territory of Ukraine falls in the spring-summer period. It was found that P. ambiguus is most often detected among helminthiases in rabbits in our country. Rabbits aged 1 to 2 years are most susceptible to these helminths, and the peak of infestation occurs in January. In rabbits, psoroptosis is one of the most common acaroses, the causative agent of which is ticks of the P. cuniculi species. The purpose of this work was to show the current state of rabbits' most common parasitic diseases on the territory of Ukraine and in the world in general, highlight the existing antiparasitic drugs, and summarize information on their use. It has been established that animals with encephalitozoonosis are the most difficult to diagnose and treat. At the same time, there is a wide range of coccidiostats and coccidiolytics for treating rabbits affected by eimeries. For the infestation of animals with helminths, it is appropriate to use benzimidazoles and ivermectins. In the case of acaroses, ivermectin and fungicidal-acaricidal ointments remain effective drugs. The analysis of literary sources will allow for the expansion of the already available data on the spread, prevention, and treatment of parasitic diseases in rabbits. The given information will help ensure the rabbits' veterinary well-being on Ukraine's territory.

Ensuring veterinary well-being and productivity of pigs with an immunotropic drug

The purpose of this work is to realize the productive qualities of young pigs by increasing the effectiveness of specific prevention of infectious diseases. The object of the study was 45 pigs of the Landrace breed from 14 to 171 days of age, divided according to the principle of pairs of analogues into 3 groups of 15 heads. The animals of the 1st experimental group were injected with the immunotropic drug PigStim-V in a dose of 1.0 ml per head twice at the age of 14 and 21 days in order to stimulate nonspecific resistance of the body and increase the effectiveness of specific prevention of infectious diseases intramuscularly at the age of 14 and 21 days. Moreover, the second injection was carried out simultaneously with immunization against type 2 porcine circovirus infection. The tested immunotropic drug PigStim-V was administered to animals of the 2nd experimental group once, at a dose of 1.0 ml per head at the age of 21 days simultaneously with a commercial vaccine against porcine circovirus. Animals of the 3rd group served as biological control. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the use of the immunotropic drug PigStim-V as an adjuvant in the vaccination of pigs. Both single and double intramuscular injection of PigStim-V increases the titer of specific antibodies against porcine circovirus infection and against α, β and ε toxins of the microorganism Clostridium perfringens, prevents and increases the effectiveness of therapy of diseases of non-infectious etiology, stimulates growth. A more pronounced positive effect is observed with the double administration of an immunotropic drug.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF MODULS’ DURING MILK PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES MODERNIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION

The results of State Program activities for agriculture’s development-2021 are analyzed. The economic indicators of its developing and existing problems are considered. Russian livestock occupies a leading place in the village products’ producing. It is noted that dairy farming is a fundamental agricultural industry providing the Russian population with vital food products. The livestock enterprises’ modernization is important at dairy cattle breeding developing. An analysis of the dairy industry’s technical and technological potential use and state shows that dairy cattle breeding are far behind developed countries in this direction in terms of advanced developments using. Due to the of technological solutions using based on the equipment, livestock’s outdate types, as a rule, and does not animals high production providing. Due to the agricultural organizations’ main milk production falls on small farms with lesser than 200 cows, an expedient and promising direction on dairy farms efficiency improving is to modernize them: technological reequipment at innovative technologies and technical means using, as well as environmental safety and decent working conditions ensuring. This industry development should be based on milk production increasing by the of cows production increasing, necessary feed base creating, breeding work improving, as well as veterinary wellbeing ensuring.

A Feminist Ethic of Care for the Veterinary Profession.

I can still see the dog's face as its eyes connected with mine, framed by the black bin bag it had been carried in. I can still hear the clicking sound, louder than the animal's shrill cries, made by a mass of maggots moving against one another beneath the dogs matted fur, moistened by fluids leaking from its damaged flesh. My hands were shaking with panic and rage and I could hardly draw up the euthatal into the syringe quickly enough. I wanted to put an end to this, immediately. As the lethal fluid flowed into the tiny vein the dog's body finally relaxed. At my hand, like so many others, she had ceased to exist. Through the window I could see her owners waiting outside in the sunshine to pay me and I thought about the silky feel of the fur which covered an expensively shaped head. I knew this dog was loved once.This paper develops two neglected areas of veterinary thought; anthropological studies of the veterinary profession and feminist care approaches in veterinary ethics. I argue that the development of veterinary anthropology is crucial to advancing our understanding of veterinary lived experiences, through highlighting the previously under acknowledged emotional, relational and contextual realities of veterinary practice. I further propose that an ethic of care for the veterinary profession, which meaningfully connects with veterinary lived experiences, may provide a valuable approach through which to further develop veterinary ethical thinking. I share an autoethnographic account of a difficult veterinary encounter, which I then analyse using a novel feminist care approach. Through analyses centered on both emotional and relational aspects of veterinary care, I challenge the boundaries of traditional veterinary ethical approaches in terms of the scope, scale and complexity of veterinary ethical decision making. I describe the concept of emotional sponge work in veterinary practice and outline its potential impact for advancing understanding of both veterinary well-being and the profession's societal role. Finally, I propose that a feminist ethic of care might provide a framework for redefining the focus of veterinary professional responsibility, beyond animal health and toward the maintenance of healthy relationships between humans and animals.

Focusing on veterinary wellbeing and work‐life balance

Veterinary RecordVolume 190, Issue 4 p. 147-147 News & Reports Focusing on veterinary wellbeing and work-life balance First published: 20 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.1499Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume190, Issue419/26 February 2022Pages 147-147 RelatedInformation

Client incivility and its effects on veterinary wellbeing.

Client incivility and its effects on veterinary wellbeing.

Научно обоснованные профилактические мероприятия заразных болезней животных в Алтайском крае

More accessible international movement of people, goods and freights has complicated the problem of protect-ing our country against highly dangerous and exotic animal diseases. At the same time, long-term epizootological and experimental studies made it possible to conclude that in cattle herds, a problem regarding three groups of parasitic and infectious diseases was found: chronic, highly danger-ous and transboundary animal diseases. To obtain reliable data on veterinary welfare in the animal industry of the Altai Region, the technological scheme for carryingout preven-tive measures was developed and successfully used for more than 20 years. The scheme is used in all areas of animal husbandry in the Region. A large number of preven-tive treatments are carried out in poultry farming –311,946,605 units, in cattle breeding (5,384,337), sheep and goat breeding (367,552), pig breeding (2,664,972), horse breeding (93,289), maral breeding (34,440) and bee-farming (33,808). Infectious diseases pose a threat to the animal farming of the Region, and some of them affect humans. The chronic infections under annual diagnostic monitoring as leukemia, tuberculosis and brucellosis are registered in the Altai Region in agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership. Anthrax, leptospirosis, rabies and other infections that are dangerous to humans and animals are prevented by immunizing susceptible animals. The threat of bringing into the country is posed by highly conta-gious infections as foot and mouth disease, African swine fever, avian influenza, infectious nodular dermatitis, and equine breeding paralysis. The natural foci of trichinosis in the Altai Region pose a threat to pigs being affected by this dangerous infectious disease. The introduction of the sci-ence-based scheme of preventive measures in livestock breeding of the Altai Region may reduce the costs of their implementation.

Authentic Conversations about Self-Care with Fourth-Year Veterinary Medical Students.

Expanding literature on well-being within veterinary medicine has been instrumental in recognizing the prevalence of psychological distress among students and practitioners and promoting awareness and advocacy for well-being within teaching institutions, professional associations, and the workplace. However, greater focus on distress has also been critiqued for overemphasizing illness and reactive interventions, and a call has been made for more balanced conversations about veterinary well-being, with focus on strengths and proactive interventions. This Best Practices article highlights a proactive, strengths-focused intervention, aimed at increasing fourth-year students' awareness of self-care while in training and in their transition to the profession. Authentic conversations about self-care is a required part of clinical training at Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine. All students attend a private meeting with a behavioral scientist, engaging in an authentic conversation about their experience of stress and coping strategies. Current practices in providing stress management interventions are restricted to pre-clinical training. Authentic conversations about self-care are presented here as an alternative to current practices, which the authors argue are not adequately addressing students' needs during clinical training and the transition to the profession. Potential implications of providing self-care interventions during the clinical year of training include greater student engagement, increasing awareness, and self-efficacy as students make efforts to maintain well-being both in training and in the professional realm.

Sources of pleasure in veterinary work: A qualitative study.

Despite the rise in positive psychology within organisational settings, less is known about the positive factors associated with veterinary work and veterinarian well-being. This qualitative study investigated sources of pleasure for veterinarians. A subset of archival data from a larger study on veterinary well-being was analysed. The current study was based on data from 273 veterinarians responding to a Ten Statements Test (TST) and demographic questions. In the TST, participants provided up to 10 responses to the prompt, 'I derive pleasure in my work as a veterinarian when…'. Using the job demands-resources model as a framework, a total of 2536 responses were manually coded into themes relating to resources (positive responses) or demands (responses indicating a negative factor). In order of frequency, job resources are related to professional expertise (22%), positive outcomes (20%), job characteristics (19%), relationships (16%), recognition (10%), helping (7%) and personal resources (3%). Top job demands are related to stress and fatigue (17%) and poor work-life balance (16%). The results suggest that there are an abundance of positive factors in veterinary work associated with feelings of pleasure, which may support veterinarian well-being.

Distribution of nematodoses of poultry in farms of Poltava region

The task of meeting the needs of the population with high-quality poultry products is to create a stable veterinary welfare in farms of various forms of ownership by in-depth study of the epizootic situation of nematodoses, which are registered in poultry. This will effectively develop and implement a system of treatment and prevention measures and reduce the incidence and death of poultry, especially from mixed helminthiasis. The aim of the work was to study the species composition, distribution and features of the course of nematodoses of the digestive tract in poultry in the farms of Poltava region. A total of 241 coprooscopic studies of chickens and 186 – geese were performed. Parasitological studies have shown that nematodoses of the digestive tract among domestic geese and chickens in farms of Poltava region are very common invasive diseases, where the extensiveness of invasion ranges from 16.59 to 74.69 %. In the studied chickens, pathogens of heterakosis (EI – 74.69 %), ascaridiosis (41.49 %), capillariosis (31.54 %), trihostrongilosis (16.59 %) were detected. Among the studied geese, pathogens of heterakosis (41.94 %), amidostomosis (27.42 %), capillariosis (25.81 %) and trihostrongilosis (16.67 %) were found. It is proved that nematodoses of the digestive tract mainly occur in the form of polyinvasions. In 67.22 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens, the simultaneous course of several parasitic pathogens was established, in geese this figure was 57.69 %. Monoinvasions were detected in 32.78 and 42.31 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens and geese, respectively. Out of the polyinvasions of chickens, two-component ones predominated, where heterakosis-capillariosic and ascaridiosis-heterakosic were most often diagnosed (51.24 and 33.06 % of patients with polyinvasions). Ascaridiosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (9.92 %) and heterakosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (5.78 %) invasions were less frequent. Among geese, heterakosis-capillariosic (40 % of patients with polyinvasions) and amidostomosis-capillariosic (28.89 %) invasions dominated among polyinvasions. A smaller percentage were heterakosis-amidostomosis-capillariosic (20 %) and amidostomosis-trihostrongilosis (11.11 %) invasions. Prospects for further research are to establish the effectiveness of modern anthelmintics in polyinvasions of geese and chickens.

Is veterinary work more than satisfying? A critical review of the literature.

Despite the rise of positive psychology in recent times, research continues to emphasise the risks and negative outcomes associated with veterinary work. Understanding these challenges and risks is imperative in helping those affected and preventing or limiting exposure for future veterinarians. However, it is vital that positive factors associated with their well-being are concomitantly addressed. Drawing on an organisational psychology perspective and associated theories, this review critically analyses the literature on veterinary well-being, job satisfaction and the role of positive emotions at work. This perspective prompts a call to researchers to investigate the positive aspects of veterinary work and offers many suggestions for future research and associated implications. Drawing on an extensive evidence base of research pertaining to positive emotions and well-being in veterinarians, the development, implementation and validation of workplace interventions should follow. The veterinary profession is a highly rewarding one and a focus on pleasure in veterinary work and ways to encourage this, will only help veterinarians flourish and help to promote the profession in the way it deserves.

Influence of stress factors on adaptive and behavioral responses in sows and piglets

The article presents data from the scientific literature describing the influence of stress factors on pigs in modern production conditions. It was established that stress factors that affect sows during gestation period affect fetal development and are important determinants of behavioral disorders in piglets in the future. Conditions for keeping and feeding pregnant sows play an important role in ensuring the behavior of future offspring. Stress of sows in the late stages of gestation can cause a negative longterm effect on the functioning of the immune system of piglets. This reduces the ability of piglets to be effectively protected against infections during lactation and weaning periods. Changes in the endocrine and neurotransmitter systems depend on the gestational period, with late pregnancy being the most sensitive phase in pigs. Ensuring optimal housing conditions for sows and newborn piglets is an important condition for the proper development of protective, feeding and behavioral reflexes and, accordingly, the realization of their productive qualities. Stress factors also affect pigs in the postnatal period of their development. The main stress-inducing factors are the conditions of feeding, maintenance and technological methods associated with ensuring veterinary wellbeing. Early social isolation during the early postnatal life of animals causes persistent changes in their behavioral responses and physiological mechanisms of adaptation. Raising pigs in a depleted environment may indicate the presence of chronic stress and, accordingly, a decrease in the level of welfare, protective and productive qualities in animals. The methods that can reduce stress and improve animal welfare is environmental enrichment and adaptation of the housing environment according to the behavioral needs of animals. Ecological enrichment can be used to preserve or restore physiological homeostasis and behavioral disorders in the post-stress period. Key words: stress, pigs, adaptation, behavior, immune system, productivity.

Contribution of FSBI VNITIBP to the development of domestic biotechnology and ensuring veterinary well-being

Contribution of FSBI VNITIBP to the development of domestic biotechnology and ensuring veterinary well-being