Vertical System Integration Research Articles

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI 4.0 DALAM LEAN WAREHOUSING: LITERATURE REVIEW

Warehouse plays a crucial role in the supply chain by linking material flows between suppliers and customers, and also matching demand with product availability. Operational disruptions in warehouse can lead to decreased customer satisfaction, necessitating effective and efficient warehouse operations. Lean principles, including lean warehousing, are often used to achieve this. Additionally, increasing supply chain complexity makes companies vulnerable to costly errors, leading to broader adoption of industry 4.0 technologies. Various studies have begun integrating industry 4.0 technologies into lean warehousing practices. However, literature reviews on integrating industry 4.0 with lean principles tend to focus on manufacturing area. This study aims to review researches on the application of industry 4.0 technologies in lean warehousing through a literature review. The findings of the literature review indicate that autonomous robots, simulation, horizontal and vertical system integration, and the industrial internet of things are industry 4.0 pillars that are widely applied alongside lean warehousing methodologies and tools. Most studies analyze overall warehouse processes, while others focus on specific processes within the warehouse. Overall, the use of industry 4.0 technologies in lean warehousing leads to significant positive impacts, including increased efficiency and productivity. Further studies are needed to understand how lean warehousing can serve as a foundation for implementing industry 4.0 technologies and to address the issues and challenges in their concurrent application.

Financial reporting quality, industrial revolution 4.0 and social well-being among Malaysian public companies

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between financial reporting quality, Industrial Revolution 4.0 and social well-being of stakeholders among public companies in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the study includes 232 firm-year observations of Malaysian publicly listed companies from 2013 to 2017. Social well-being is measured using social pillar scores from the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) data provided by Refinitiv. The study identified companies as an adopter of IR 4.0 based on their disclosure on the use of autonomous robots, simulation, cloud, horizontal and vertical system integration, cybersecurity, additive manufacturing, augmented reality and big data analytics in their financial reports. Financial reporting quality is measured using discretionary accruals.FindingsThis study found that financial reporting quality and IR 4.0 are related to social well-being, particularly the workforce. These results imply that companies with higher adoption of IR 4.0 are more likely to provide more information concerning job satisfaction, a healthy and safe workplace, maintaining diversity, equal and development opportunities for its workforce. Furthermore, the results show that firms with lower discretionary accruals (i.e. higher quality of financial reporting) are more likely to provide more information about social well-being. The results are robust even after addressing endogeneity issues.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes new insights into the role of financial reporting quality and IR 4.0 in enhancing social well-being in Malaysia. These findings offer valuable input for regulators striving to advance the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Practical implicationsThis study carries substantial practical implications for policymakers and businesses alike. It underscores the importance of embracing IR 4.0 technologies and integrating them into strategic planning to foster social well-being. These insights can guide policymakers in shaping economic strategies and assist businesses in prioritizing financial reporting quality while engaging stakeholders to promote social well-being.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate the combined relationship of financial reporting quality and IR4.0 on social well-being, which provides valuable evidence in this novel domain. While previous studies have primarily explored the relationship of IR4.0 on sustainability from an environmental and human resource perspective, this study sheds light on the specific dimension of social well-being, hence promoting sustainable development goals by the United Nations in 2030.

A benchmark dataset with Knowledge Graph generation for Industry 4.0 production lines

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is a new era in the industrial revolution that emphasizes machine connectivity, automation, and data analytics. The I4.0 pillars such as autonomous robots, cloud computing, horizontal and vertical system integration, and the industrial internet of things have increased the performance and efficiency of production lines in the manufacturing industry. Over the past years, efforts have been made to propose semantic models to represent the manufacturing domain knowledge, one such model is Reference Generalized Ontological Model (RGOM).11 https://w3id.org/rgom However, its adaptability like other models is not ensured due to the lack of manufacturing data. In this paper, we aim to develop a benchmark dataset for knowledge graph generation in Industry 4.0 production lines and to show the benefits of using ontologies and semantic annotations of data to showcase how the I4.0 industry can benefit from KGs and semantic datasets. This work is the result of collaboration with the production line managers, supervisors, and engineers in the football industry to acquire realistic production line data22 https://github.com/MuhammadYahta/ManufacturingProductionLineDataSetGeneration-Football,.33 https://zenodo.org/record/7779522 Knowledge Graphs (KGs) or Knowledge Graph (KG) have emerged as a significant technology to store the semantics of the domain entities. KGs have been used in a variety of industries, including banking, the automobile industry, oil and gas, pharmaceutical and health care, publishing, media, etc. The data is mapped and populated to the RGOM classes and relationships using an automated solution based on JenaAPI, producing an I4.0 KG. It contains more than 2.5 million axioms and about 1 million instances. This KG enables us to demonstrate the adaptability and usefulness of the RGOM. Our research helps the production line staff to take timely decisions by exploiting the information embedded in the KG. In relation to this, the RGOM adaptability is demonstrated with the help of a use case scenario to discover required information such as current temperature at a particular time, the status of the motor, tools deployed on the machine, etc.

Industrial transformation and assembly technology: context and research trends

The fourth industrial revolution is based on a few technological advancements that promise an industrial transformation based on achieving sharing and circular economies. Selecting and applying these advancements correctly, i.e., following relevant value drivers, is a key to the success of manufacturing firms. This results in an increasing body of knowledge from academy and practitioners in the domain of the adoption of digital technology in industry. Given the breadth of the topic, the literature deals with both a vast amount of promising technologies and related existing and prospect industrial application. This work focuses on the contributions in the production sub-domain of assembly systems and technology. In detail, relevant high-impact scientific and engineering works have been identified and analyzed with the purpose of highlighting the innovation patterns in term of the prominent technological advancement (push) and related application (pull). The results of the present study show that the most relevant areas of research are: (1) the Industrial Internet of Things, (2) Augmented and Virtual Reality as assistance to the assembly and applied to the training of operators, and (3) the horizontal and vertical system integration through Digital Twins (DT) and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). The prominent value drivers are the improvement of resources and processes as well as asset utilization and labor. Moreover, this work represents a first step towards a unitary framework to synchronize different research efforts in the domain of assembly and support the envisaged green industrial transformation.

Industry 4.0 in textile and apparel sector: a systematic literature review

PurposeThis paper aims to present a systematic review of the development process of Industry 4.0 in the textile and apparel sector, as well as to show some concepts, examples found in the literature on the application of the principles and technologies involved like the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, Big Data, autonomous robots, three-dimensional (3D) printing, augmented reality, virtual prototyping, horizontal and vertical system integration and cybersecurity.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted in this study was a systematic literature review aided by the use of SciMAT, a scientific mapping software. Documents were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus database from 2011 to 2020 using the words “Textile” and “Industry 4.0” that result in 865 documents and 115 were analyzed.FindingsThe literature review showed that the textile industry in the international context is at an incipient stage of the implementation of Industry 4.0. The main aspects of Industry 4.0 that were identified in the textile industry initially focus on the implementation of technologies aimed at computerization and automation of processes, whose main focuses are increasing productivity and reducing costs. Projects for the implementation of augmented reality and 3D printing and simulation technologies in the textile industry, clothing and apparel area are still embryonic, normally implemented through tools and software oriented toward the creation and development of new models of processes, products and commerce.Research limitations/implicationsThe search in the databases was carried out on October 17, 2020. Therefore, for future study, other combinations of search terms and time update are suggested, in addition to including more databases besides Scopus and Web of Science.Practical implicationsThis literature review served as the basis for the development of a questionnaire that was applied to 72 people in an industry in the clothing sector, located in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.Social implicationsThe benefits of industry 4.0 are perceived in people with its implementation, such as a reduction in energy consumption of around 15%, an increase of up to 25% in work efficiency, in addition to more assertive decision-making, improvement of processes and balance between life and work.Originality/valueMachine learning, artificial intelligence, smart fabrics, IoT, supply chain management, environmental protection, Big Data, autonomation and cyber physics were the strongest terms found, consolidating as a prominent field for current and future studies. From emerging and/or still unexplored areas of Industry 4.0 in the textile sector, there is real-time communication, computer applications, carbon, fibers, health care and sustainable development. Some strategic actions that are taking place in some countries are summarized and in Brazil the adoption rate is 29% for this sector, revealing itself as a needy area and suitable for the development of studies that address the subject.

Why is formulation daunting? A response to Bagster et al.'s 'instructions' for developing skills in formulation.

To explore the theme identified by Bagster et al.1 in their selective psychiatric literature review that formulation can appear daunting. Formulation is understandably daunting, even though it occurs in all human encounters. The plural nature of mental symptoms is such that anxiety-provoking intuitive judgement is required at all points in both the process and explication of formulation, a type of instinctive guessing. There are no rules for this, because the laws of vertical integration of systems are not established. Guidelines are more appropriate than 'instructions'. Much of the wider mental health and clinical reasoning literature addresses intuitive judgement, but the current psychiatric literature tends to focus on pattern recognition as a deliberative cognitive act of Type 2 processes. Arguably this reductionism adds to the dauntingness. Anxiety detected about the intuitive judgement involved can be addressed in supervision, taking into account the psychological mindedness of the trainee.

Industry 4.0 in the port and maritime industry: A literature review

Ports and terminals have evolved and from the 2010s have entered into a fifth stage of evolution characterized by their digital transformation and alignment with Industry 4.0 practices. Co-operation among agents is a key element and integration not only involves Port Authorities, Terminals and Port users and related Port Services Providers but the city, port's hinterland and well beyond the Global Supply Chain. Internet of Things and sensing solutions, cybersecurity, horizontal and vertical system integration, cloud computing, 3D printing and additive manufacturing, big data and business analytics, augmented reality and simulation and modeling are the pillars of Industry 4.0. Some of those are mature enough in the port and maritime industry. However, others remain in their earliest stages in this business and thus, poorly covered by the scientific literature. The article reviews the state of the art on these new emerging technologies, summarizing how ports and terminals are deploying specific projects in the new era of smart ports and Ports 4.0.

Current and future criminology

The article is devoted to the research of the current state of criminological science and to determine the prospects for its development in the future. The achievements of the national criminology are reviewed, the integration of knowledge about crime and combating it is emphasized, and the coherence and synergy of scientific concepts, the introduction of a systematic method of knowledge of crime and the development of measures of preventive influence on its causes and conditions are substantiated. Criminology examines crime, its causes, criminals and victims of crime, prevention measures. Crime is a kind of objectively dangerous behavior that poses a threat to the individual, the state, business and society. Nowadays, the newest types of objectively dangerous behavior are most often encountered in cyberspace, in the sphere of electronic money circulation, use of artificial intelligence, provision of services, use of natural and labor resources. As an open social system, crime interacts externally with similar phenomena and processes, constantly changing under their influence and spreading in space and time. In addition, being an integral part of social life, crime has the property of self-reproduction and development, linked to the development of society, of changing the living conditions of people.It is concluded that the guidelines for the further development of criminology will be the international goals of global human development set out in the Millennium Declaration UN 2015 year and The Agenda of Sustainable Development by 2030 year.It is considered, key problems for criminological research by 2030 will be survival of people in the fierce struggle for access to economic and natural resources; counteracting various forms and manifestations of violence and other violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms; ensuring personal and collective security in the system of social interaction; environmental protection; the use of information technology for criminal purposes; counteracting transnational crime and terrorism; drug crime and arms trafficking, etc. In addition, the scientific potential of criminological institutions will be directed to the development of tools and tools to reduce the impact on crime and the social life of such negative social phenomena as poverty, social injustice and inequality, abuse of power, abuse of power by both the authorities and the general population.There is no doubt that, now and in the future, the development of crime will depend on social being, collective thinking and people behavior. In the workings of philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, the state of modern society is characterized by insane dynamism and instability, an increase in entropy, an increase in actual and potential risks, which is difficult to recognize and predict. This means that the existing concepts of explanation for the causes of crime will soon prove to be inoperative, as they were created in the last century on the basis of materialistic dialectics, linear thinking, contemporary ideas about the world of people, a hierarchy of values, rules and norms of people behavior in a stable society.In the long term, applied criminology will evolve by implementing the results of the fourth industrial revolution, in particular Big Data and Analytics, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical system Integration, Piece Intellect, artificial neural networks.A breakthrough in the development of applied criminology will be made by artificial intelligence, biotechnology and nanotechnology. The use of innovative developments will ensure quick and correct management decisions, will form public opinion, influence the views and moods of a large number of people, correct the negative elements of public consciousness, quickly communicate to the general public the provisions of the current legislation and monitor its compliance. Among other things, digital technologies make it possible to build a system of total control and a mechanism for managing people's behavior in society. Soon by means of artificial intelligence, as well as genetic engineering, it will be possible to diagnose mental disorders, a tendency to misbehavior and criminal behavior, to classify people by degree of trustworthiness, to correct human psychophysiological defects, as well as to negative character traits that influence the choice of wrongdoing. and interests.Conclusions. On the basis of the above, I believe that in the future the value of criminology in solving human problems will increase, and the scope of the results of criminological research - will expand. On the basis of criminology will be a synthesis of industry knowledge about crime, forms and methods of combating it. New tools and instruments will be elaborated to prevent crime, as well as to protect people and property from criminal assault.

Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS): Accelerate Towards Industries 4.0

To succeed in the ever-changing economic environment, it has become important for industrial enterprises to implement digitization, intelligentization and adopt rapid advancement of new technologies based machines, machine tool and manufacturing systems. Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) combines the strengths of Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) and Dedicated Manufacturing System (DMS) with computer based technologies (i.e. smart sensors, autonomous robot, automatic material handling, computer based machine etc.). Today’s manufacturing sector stand on the threshold of the fourth Industrial Revolution 4.0, in which many smart technologies have been developed such as Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Augmented Reality, Simulation, Block Chain, Cyber Security System, Big Data , Horizontal and Vertical System Integration, Additive Manufacturing and others. The uses of these smart technologies are powerful driver for Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) to meet the requirement of digital manufacturing world. The objective of this paper is to provide the overview of Industry 4.0 based emerging technology and its drivers, enablers, goals. This research will be helpful to equip manufacturers, customers, researchers, industrialists, and other concerned persons in understanding the importance, severity and benefits obtained by the application and implementation of the Industry 4.0 based concepts.

Lock-In-Thermography, Photoemission, and Time-Resolved GHz Acoustic Microscopy Techniques for Nondestructive Defect Localization in TSV

Through silicon via (TSV) is the most promising technology for vertical system integration and novel 3-D chip architectures. Reliability and quality assessment necessary for process development, root-cause analysis, and manufacturing require appropriate nondestructive testing techniques to achieve high processing yield and reliability. This paper presents two advanced approaches for nondestructive localization of defects in TSVs. The first method investigated here was lock-in thermal imaging by thermography and photoemission microscopy to inspect and localize electrical shorts within the 3-D geometry of the TSV insulation liner. In addition, filling defects in the TSVs have been inspected using acoustic microscopy in the gigahertz frequency band in time and spectral domains.

Using Machine Learning on Sensor Data

Extracting useful information from raw sensor data requires specific methods and algorithms. We describe a vertical system integration of a sensor node and a toolkit of machine learning algorithms for predicting the number of persons located in a closed space. The dataset used as input for the learning algorithms is composed from automatically collected sensor data and additional manually introduced data. We analyze the dataset and evaluate the performance of two types of machine learning algorithms on this dataset: classification and regression. With our system settings, the experiments show that augmenting sensor data with proper information can improve prediction results and also the classification algorithm performed better.

Modeling and Simulation of Parasitic Effects in Stacked Silicon

ABSTRACTDevices and interconnect structures of new semiconductor and packaging technologies show parasitic physical effects with a growing influences of the system behavior. Therefore, the design technology has to be developed and adjusted to ensure high system performance and reliability of these very complex systems on chip and in a stack. The influences of parasitic effects on the circuit behavior have to be minimized within the design process.Typical parasitic effects of the Vertical System Integration (VSI®) by stacked silicon are discussed in this paper. Effects like electro thermal coupling, electromagnetic interactions, and the sensitivity due to parameter variations and their influence to the system behavior are identified and modeled. Approaches for minimization of these influences by design modifications are presented.

An Evaluation Process of Polymeric Adhesive Wafer Bonding for Vertical System Integration

Bonding of wafers using dielectric polymer thin films as bonding adhesives is one of key approaches to monolithic vertical system integration. As the first step for the integration, properties of the polymer desired for baseline adhesive material are studied, followed by the evaluations on bonding results obtained from wafer pairs bonded between a silicon and a glass wafers. Four sequential evaluation procedures are performed after bonding; (1) optical inspection is made to measure the fraction of bonded area, (2) a razor blade test is taken to separate the bonded wafers, (3) a four-point bending method is used to measure bonding strength quantitatively, (4) FTIR is applied to analyze changes in chemical structure. Bonding integrity is evaluated how the intentionally created debond areas of the bonded wafers are changed after the subsequent thinning processes. To date, benzocyclobutene (BCB), FlareTM, and methylsilsesquioxane (MSSQ) and Parylene-N have been considered as bonding adhesives. Among these polymer materials, BCB and FlareTM are selected as initial adhesive materials after a screening process through optical inspection. Wafer pairs bonded using FlareTM have higher bond strength than those using BCB. However, the bond strength of wafer pairs bonded using BCB is still higher than that at the interface between Cu and porous low-k inter-level dielectrics (ILD) (a back end interconnect structure), indicating almost 100% of bonded area reproducibly. In the light of such evaluation results, BCB has been eventually selected as a baseline adhesive material for the wafer bonding prcess for vertical system integration.

3D System Integration Technologies

AbstractIn the last years strong efforts were made to miniaturize microelectronic systems. Chip scale packages, flip chips and multichip modules are now commonly used in a great variety of products (e. g. mobile phones, hand-held computers and chip cards). Future microelectronic applications require significantly more complex devices with increased functionality and performance. Due to added device content, chip area will also increase. Performance, multi-functionality and reliability of microelectronic systems will be limited mainly by the wiring between the subsystems (so called “wiring crisis”), causing a critical performance bottleneck for future IC generations. 3D System Integration provides a base to overcome these drawbacks. Furthermore, systems with minimum volume and weight as well as reduced power consumption can be realized for portable applications. 3D integrated systems show reduced chip areas and enable optimized partitioning, both which decrease the fabrication cost of the system. An additional benefit is the enabling of minimal interconnection lengths and the elimination of speed-limiting inter-chip interconnects. 3D concepts which take advantage of wafer level processing to avoid increasing package sizes and expensive single component assembling processes have the potential to integrate passive devices resistors, inductors and capacitors into the manufacturing system and provide full advantage for system performance.The ITRS roadmap predicts an increasing demand for systems-on-a-chip (SoC) [1]. Conventional fabrication is based on embedded technologies which are cost intensive. A new low cost fabrication approach for vertical system integration is introduced. The wafer-level 3D SoC technology, optimized to the capability for chip-to-wafer stacking has the potential to replace embedded technologies based on monolithic integration.