Vertical Project Research Articles

MAP OF THE EARTH MASSES - ROLE IN THE INVESTMENT PROJECT

Map of the earth masses shows the essence of the vertical planning project by visualizing the anticipated displacement of the land masses within the boundaries of the property. It is the official document through which the designer can determine the amount of land masses for the purpose of their valuation [5]. The article examines the role of the cartogram and modern practices regarding its creation and use in the investment process.

Finance arrangements and governance modes toward sustainable infrastructure: the case of urban railway projects in Manila, the Philippines

In recent years, the concept of sustainable infrastructure has gained popularity and is widely utilized and promoted by the international development community. However, implementation of sustainable infrastructure remains a challenge due to various enabling and disabling factors particularly related to financial arrangements and governance modes. This paper aims to fill the research gap in this area and investigate the factors that enable implementation of sustainable infrastructure, with a focus on the financial and governance aspects. To do so, the paper uses real urban railway projects in Manila, the Philippines as case studies for comparative analysis. The results suggest that from the finance and governance perspectives, public–private partnerships (PPPs) and official development assistance (ODA) finance are effective tools for implementing sustainable infrastructure, with some conditions, namely a mixture of vertical project management and horizontal process management, and the project environments having a positive effect on the trust building and collaboration among the stakeholders.

Design With, Not For, Local Community: Utilizing e-Participation Tools in the Design of Socially Sustainable Vertical Emirati Public Housing

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is slowly transitioning from traditional single-family public housing to a ‘vertical’ typology to meet the increasing demand on public housing, solve the problem of the scarcity of land in urban areas, and contribute to achieving its local agenda for sustainable development goals. However, the direct involvement of Emirati residents in the design process of the recently developed limited number of vertical public housing projects has been missing. This research aims to involve a sample of Emirati residents, representing the targeted category for vertical public housing, in the pre-occupancy evaluation of the design of Al Ghurfa, the very recently developed vertical public housing project, focusing mainly on assessing the attainment of social sustainability in this design. The research method included four phases, including initiating a conceptual framework from relevant literature reviews, digitalizing the case study design, developing the conventional and e-Participation interview scenarios and scripts, and selecting a sample of Emirati young citizens who participated in the study. The results of the study successfully highlighted the participating residents’ preferences and concerns regarding the design of the investigated pioneering vertical public housing project. The findings revealed the interviewed citizens’ perceptions of the investigated social sustainability principles in the vertical housing design pertaining to mixed-use development within and outside the vertical residential building, social integration among neighbors of the building, vertical and horizontal accessibility inside and outside the building, security measures for the residents of the buildings and their privacy, design measures of the high-quality living environments, the user-responsive design of the housing units, and the importance of their involvement in the design. This helped propose a set of recommended design actions for attaining social sustainability in vertical housing design tailored to the specific needs of Emirati residents. The research has also revealed the successful merger between the conventional and advanced e-Participation tools in involving the residents in assessing the professional design of vertical public housing as a new emerging typology that is expected to prevail in the near future.

Inpatient Corridor Visibility and Care Team Communication.

This article aims to investigate the impact of fine-grained differences in unit layout on care staff corridor communication. Corridor design can be undertaken with greater emphasis on space and cost efficiency or with greater emphasis on affording quality knowledge workspace. Building on prior research on care team communication and inpatient unit design, this study aims to gain a better understanding of how corridor layout properties affect care team communication. This study used space syntax analysis to characterize inpatient unit design, specifically floor-plan layout. Two approaches were used to capture care team communication: behavior mapping with recording of care team member locations and whether they were communicating and the HDR CARE Scale, Inpatient Version. The two units were part of a vertical tower expansion project, and, though constructed at separate times, they maintain the same organizational culture, floor plate, and location of key vertical elements. The newer unit was found to be more visually open using three measures from space syntax. More nursing staff verbal communication was observed on this unit. Across both units, nursing staff were more likely to be observed verbally communicating in locations that were more visually connected (i.e., at locations with larger viewsheds). There were no significant differences between nursing staff self-report on work using the HDR CARE Scale, Inpatient Version. We conclude that care team communication may tend to be encouraged by visual connectivity that can be promoted through floor-plan layout.

Research on identification of the hydraulic and structural vibration sources in a tubular pumping station

The hydraulic and structural vibration sources of pumping station are investigated in current research. Based on a vertical shaft tubular pumping station project in an eastern province of China, a three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling model of the pumping station is established, including the fluid in the flow channel, concrete structure, and hydraulic machinery. Two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method is used to calculate the coupled vibration responses of the pumping station. Based on the FSI simulation results, the hydraulic and structural vibration sources of the pumping station are explored from the frequency perspective based on the Fourier transform theory and the vibration energy transmission perspective based on the time-delayed transfer entropy method. Research results show that the fluid pulsation generated by the rotation of the impeller is the main hydraulic vibration source, and the rotating impeller is the main structural vibration source that causes the vibration of the unit and the concrete structure. This research could provide a scientific basis for structural vibration control, vibration reduction, and isolation design of the pumping station.

Application of the Heat Penetration Distance in the Design of the Hole Spacing of Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps

Due to issues such as heat accumulation, the site area, and project investment, the reasonable determination of the hole spacing for heat exchangers has become one of the key design points of the ground-coupled heat pump system. Based on the definition of heat penetration in heat transfer and the research method of the inverse problem, a direct algorithm of the heat penetration distance in the aquifer was proposed using the analytical solution to the mathematical model for one-dimensional heat convection–conduction problems. Taking a vertical ground-coupled heat pump project in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, as an example, a three-dimensional hydro-thermal coupling numerical simulation model was established, and the influence radius during the refrigeration and heating periods under the action of a single borehole heat exchanger was determined. Comparing the heat penetration distance with the influence radius, the results show that the relative errors of the results obtained by the two methods are less than 10%, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the calculated penetration distance in the aquifer. At the end of the cooling or heating period, the heat penetration distance in the aquifer is calculated to be 7.59 m. Therefore, the proposed method is straightforward and efficient, which can provide a convenient approach to determining the reasonable hole spacing of the heat pump system.

Money, time, or saving the world

This paper analyses valuations of ‘good’ interdisciplinary research that manifest in research planning workshops. We use ethnographic case data from an interdisciplinary research project on vertical farming to build insight on how differing registers in the valuing of ‘good’ interdisciplinary research are balanced. The vertical farming project we use as a case includes researchers from sub-disciplines of the life sciences, technology, data science, and human sciences in a Finnish university of applied science (UAS). We use thematic content analysis to identify four core registers of valuing the ‘goodness’ of research and tensions between the following registers: money, sustainability, scientific value, and academic identity. These registers largely conform to a statistical-economical regime of academic evaluation, while sustainability draws on RRI principles and the interdisciplinary emphasis on societal problem-solving. The registers are balanced mainly through temporal and conceptual compartmentalisations. Throughout three workshop encounters over the course of a six-month period, a perpetual negotiation of the different registers of valuing ‘good’ research was taking place, with attempts to avoid exclusionary choices between “money, time, or saving the world”.

AWWA Water Science Author Spotlight

<i>AWWA Water Science</i> Author Spotlight

Sustainable Infrastructure: A Systematic Literature Review on Finance Arrangements and Governance Modes

In recent years, the concept of sustainable infrastructure has become a key concern for infrastructure development. However, there has been little comprehensive research on the enabling factors for sustainable infrastructure development. To address these knowledge gaps, this research conducted a systematic literature review of the enabling factors, with a specific focus on finance and governance, to provide new insights for development practitioners and academic scholars. The research first reviewed the characteristics of sustainable infrastructure, identifying several types of definitions. Subsequently, the research identified multiple finance arrangements and governance characteristics that have been applied to sustainable infrastructure. We confirmed that public-private partnerships (PPPs) and multilateral development banks (MDBs) play central and critical roles in leading and including other finance arrangements and governance characteristics of sustainable infrastructure development. In addition, the review suggests there are various governance modes combining horizontal process management with vertical project management for realizing sustainable infrastructure development.

A concept of Technological and Managerial Complexity of Project Management in Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa, Pakistan

Purpose: The study aims as an engineering example of a single-objective Project Complexities (SOPCs) problem, Water Users Associations (WUAs) of On Farm Water Management (OFWM) and its use for a Project Complexities &amp; Water Management (PCs &amp; WM) model parameters prediction is presented in this study.&#x0D; Methodology: A traditional method for WUAs training used herein is the well-known Background ladder method, which uses an umbrella based approach of project application and adaptation to the prevailing scenario and locale to minimize an output error. As a novel approach, umbrella approach of complex project can be used here for the same purpose.&#x0D; Findings: It is shown that obtained errors are much lower than the outputs obtained from the Background ladder method. Next, an identification of the integration of complex projects as in David model. This model is a fully three-dimensional approach of Linear, Horizontal and Vertical Project Complexities and Water Management at different combinations of Project Complexities and Water Management along with the development of new model in the shape of Ladder Approach. The first main result is that the Complexities of Complex Projects Can be solved by parallel analysis in reasonable time and locale. The second outcome is the fact that the local minimas of the identified problems can be resolved through Umbrella Approach of Project Application and adoption method as well as statistical analysis. This will also minimize the need of training of locale peoples for a Water Management Project’s work.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Research on Water Pressure Distribution Characteristics and Lining Safety Evaluation of Deep Shaft in Water-Rich, Large, Fractured Granite Stratum

Building deep shafts in water-rich granite formations with large fissures has difficulties, such as high-water pressure and high construction risks, and is prone to water inrush and shaft flooding. This paper relies on the No. 1 vertical auxiliary shaft project of Gaoligongshan tunnel and obtains the uneven distribution of water pressure on the outside of the lining in the horizontal direction through on-site monitoring data. In order to explain this phenomenon, based on the statistical parameters of actual fractures in the field and the Monte Carlo method, the DFN built in FLAC3D6.0 is used to generate a discrete fracture network, and a dual medium model, considering the distribution of large fractures, is established. The reason for the uneven distribution of water pressure is obtained through research: the large fissures in the surrounding rock make the hydraulic conductivity of each part of the stone body formed after grouting of the surrounding rock different. This results in different osmotic pressures from the hydrostatic pressure outside the grouting ring to the outside of the lining through the grouting ring. Based on the distribution characteristics of water pressure outside the lining, the safety of the lining under non-uniform pressure is studied. The lining safety factor is defined as the ratio of the lining’s normal service limit state load to the actual load. The normal service limit state load is the load when the RFPA software is used to establish a load-structure model to simulate the load when the lining has obvious cracks under the action of external load; the actual load is the monitoring load. The new method and mine design code method are used to evaluate the lining safety and make a comparative analysis. The results show that the new method can effectively calculate the lining safety factor and has a larger safety reserve.

Design and implementation of longitudinal project management system

In recent years, China has been adhering to the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents and innovation driven development. More and more attention has been paid to the construction of colleges and universities. Therefore, colleges and universities pay more and more attention to scientific research projects. However, due to the project management involves a large number of tedious and miscellaneous data, each scientific research project management statistics is a huge project, the traditional project management method is not suitable for the current project management. Based on this situation, this paper puts forward the idea of vertical project management system from the perspective of research background and research status, and uses the idea of object-oriented to write the system code, so as to realize the system function. In this project, Vue, spring boot and MyBatis are used as the main technologies, IntelliJ idea is used as the development tool, SQLSEVER is used for data storage, and then the vertical project management system is realized.

REAL OPTION AND VERTICAL MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

Vertical mixed-use development is a favourite choice in urban development in high-density Asian cities to increase the land use efficiency. The flexibility of construction timing and the restrictions by lease contracts in vertical mixeduse projects are usually different from horizontal ones and single-use properties. To improve the valuation for vertical mixed-use projects, this study re-examines the real option pricing model. Simultaneous development for different uses and a finite maximum waiting period are the major characteristics of these projects. An approach is introduced to determine whether to develop a mixed-use project vertically or horizontally on the basis of a statistics called the critical height premium. The vertical mixed-use project pricing model can be further verified by containing a height premium if market price information is derived from non-vertical mixed-use properties. This study suggests a more comprehensive real option approach to quantify the advantages and disadvantages of operating vertical mixed-use developments.

The Study of Subsurface Land Drainage Optimal Design Model

This paper focused on choosing the best design of subsurface land drainage systems in semiarid areas. The study presented three different soil layers with different hydraulic conductivity and permeability, all layers are below the drain level, and the permeability is increasing with depth. A mathematical model was formulated for the horizontal and vertical drainage optimal design. The result was a nonlinear optimization problem with nonlinear constraints, which required numerical methods for its solution. The purpose of the mathematical model is to find the best values of pipes and tubewells spacing, groundwater table drawdown, and pumps operating hours which leads to a minimum total cost of the subsurface drainage design. A computer code was developed in MATLAB environment and applied to the case study. Results show that the vertical drainage was economically better for the case study drainage network design. And the main factor affecting the mathematical model for both pipe and well drainage was the distance between pipes and tubewells. In addition, considering the lifespan of vertical drainage project, the optimal design involves the minimum possible duration of pumping stations. It is hoped that the proposed optimal mathematical model will present a design methodology by which the costs of all alternative designs can be compared so that the least-cost design is selected.

Agricultural Product Safety: Vertical Farm Project Concept

In this article, we propose the concept of developing a modular cell for the construction of a vertical truss, which is attached to the bulk of residential buildings. The main idea is to introduce a modular cell in the Kazakhstan market for the development of urban farming. Vertical farms made up of modular cells are designed for growing organic agricultural products in urban environments. It is proposed to place vertical trusses in the blind, functionally undeveloped ends of residential buildings.The relevance of the production of organic agricultural products is outlined in the strategic development plan of the country, as one of the important areas responsible for the growth of the well-being of the people and the health of the younger generation. One of the well-known methods of organizing organic agriculture in urban settings is the use of vertical farms. Vertical trusses are widely used in the form of separate equipment-racks located inside the room. There are design proposals for vertical trusses in the form of separate independent buildings. The vertical truss proposed in this study consists of modular cells, which allows you to apply different compositional solutions. This cell has the ability to be arranged in different ways and adapt to any area. Vertical trusses will be built into the blind ends of residential buildings. After all, it is known that the area under the blind ends of 5-9-storey residential buildings do not find their high-quality use and very often create unfavorable, to some extent criminally dangerous sections of the city. According to the latest statistics of criminology, most of the crimes committed in the city occur in areas with blind ends of residential buildings. The height and total area of the vertical trusses will depend on the height of the residential buildings and on the overall aesthetic design of the spatial organization of the environment. The competitive advantage of the developed modular cell is the versatility of its application, mobility, as well as the interdisciplinary basis of the combined areas-architecture, design, agriculture, healthcare, construction, etc.The expected result is the qualitative development of urban farming, which can become a new market niche for the production of organic products. Urban farming can become new jobs for the residents of the houses in which vertical farms are built. And also, one of the directions in solving the problems of creating conditions for the growth of the well-being of the people and the health of the younger generation.

Scaling up Business Plans in Tajikistan: a qualitative study of the history, barriers, facilitators and lessons learnt

ABSTRACT Background To improve health planning at primary health care (PHC) level, Business Plans were introduced in Tajikistan by the Enhancing Primary Health Care (EPHC) Services Project. Objective To describe the history and process of implementation of Business Plans and to identify barriers, facilitators and lessons learnt from scaling up Business Plans. Methods Set in a qualitative research design, we conducted a desk review of project and official documents and seventeen semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders at national and sub-national levels between May and July 2020. We used an interview guide informed by the ExpandNet/WHO framework and analyzed the data following a content analysis approach facilitated by MAXQDA. Results With the participation of various user organizations and resource teams and through a variety of strategic scale-up choices, Business Plans have been scaled up from a vertical pilot project to institutionalized health management tools covering 45% of Tajikistan’s PHC facilities. The most prominent facilitators for scaling up Business Plans were the institutionalization and integration of the tool into the Tajik health system, the close collaboration with Community Health Teams (CHTs), the high acceptance of the tool among the users, the advocacy through champions and policy-makers and the large dissemination network. The most outstanding barriers to scaling up Business Plans were insufficient financial or human resources, general weaknesses in health governance, the lack of a strategic scale-up plan and strategic decisions, the lack of motivation or overall vision to implement Business Plans at a large scale and difficulties in donor coordination. Conclusion To ensure the continuity of scaling up Business Plans, developing a scale-up strategy, strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration and participation during scaling up, and capacitating the user organizations of Business Plans are important next steps to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of Business Plans in the future.

The reflection on architectural form caused by global issues such as population and ecology

In 2011, Singapore held the Asian vertical city project design competition. Saudi Arabia is building the Jeddah tower, which is expected to be completed in 2020 and will be the world’s first skyscraper with a height of 1,000 meters. Jeddah tower perfectly embodies the concept of “vertical city”, which maximizes the living space and can accommodate the increasing urban population. The vertical scheme is an alternative to the horizontal land consumption, so the appearance of high-rise buildings significantly changes the urban environment.

CALCULATION OF VOLUME OF EXCAVATION WORKS FOR VERTICAL PLANNING OF RELIEF AT ENGINEERING AND RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES

Formulation of the problem. The terrain is of exceptional importance for irrigation and drainage reclamation. A detailed study and reflection of the relief on the plan allows avoiding mistakes in the design and calculations of engineering networks, to determine the optimal technical and economic parameters and their operating modes. The nature of the relief and the slope of the irrigated area is one of the main conditions for choosing the method of irrigation and vertical planning of the field, that is, bringing the natural relief to a state provides the most favorable conditions for a general plan for drainage or irrigation. At the same time, the vertical planning of reclamation sites is an integral part of ensuring a sustainable ecological and reclamation regime of the territory by preserving the soil cover and protecting it from water erosion. The main requirement for the development of a vertical planning project is the minimum volume of excavation works. Planning, as a rule, is carried out in a single complex with the construction of land reclamation system facilities and in compliance with the balance of soil masses, that is, when the soil is redistributed on the site without its importation or removal. There are several different calculation methods and formulas for calculating the volume of excavation works. The feasibility of the method is justified in each case, taking into account the topography, field size, configuration and other features of the reclamation system, methods and means of production, and the necessary calculated accuracy of the volumes. The reliability of determining the volume of the embankment and excavation makes it possible to reduce the cost of the vertical planning. Thus, the task of determining the probable volume of excavation work is very relevant for many industries and specialists - mine surveyors, hydraulic engineers, builders, etc.&#x0D; Research results. In the work, an example of the implementation of calculating the volume of soil masses for vertical relief planning using the Surfer8 geographic information system. A distinctive advantage of the program is the interpolation algorithms embedded in it, which allow creating high-quality digital surface models with data unevenly distributed in space. In addition to the main functions, the program implements a set of additional features for converting surfaces and various operations with them, in particular, calculating the volume between two surfaces, building a profile, calculating the surface area and a number of other functions. According to the calculation results, it was found that the relative error of the calculated volume of the horizontal section using the three methods was 0,06%. The balance of excavation works is as follows: according to the Surfer software package – 1,01%, according to design formulas – 1,65% , which is less than the regulated 5,0%. The relative error of the calculated volume of the inclined sections using the three methods is 0,03 %. The balance of excavation works is accordingly: Surfer program – 4,6%, according to formulas – 0,8%, which does not exceed the regulated 5,0%.&#x0D; Conclusions. Application of the Surfer8 program makes it possible to calculate not only the volumes of earth masses between two planning surfaces, but also the areas of these surfaces. The advantages of using Surfer8 are justified by the reduction in the volume and duration of works when drawing up a vertical planning project and transferring it to nature when performing land reclamation measures, as well as the cost-effectiveness of implementation due to the smaller relative and permissible error of calculations and measurements.

A framework for PEST analysis based on neutrosophic cognitive map: case study in a vertical farming initiative

Abstract. Recently, neutrosophic cognitive maps and its application in decision making have become a topic of great importance for researchers and practitioners alike. In this paper, a new model PEST analysis is presented based on neutrosophic cognitive maps static analysis. The proposed framework is composed of five activities, identifying PEST factors and sub-factors, modeling interrelation among PEST factors, calculate centrality measures, factor classification, and factors ranking. A case study developed in environment analysis for a vertical farming project was presented, ranking factor based in interrelation and incorporating indeterminacy in the analysis. Further works will concentrate extending the model for incorporating scenario analysis

Vertical Gardens: Sustainability, Youth Participation, and the Promotion of Change in a Socio-Economically Vulnerable Community in Brazil

This article is situated within the intersection of education for social transformation (EST) and ecojustice education (EJE). We have described the benefits of youth participation in an after-school science program offered to socio-economically vulnerable populations in São Paulo (Brazil). More specifically, we explored participants’ changing views of sustainability as they engaged in a 24-week project of their choice: The cultivation of a vertical herb garden. The analysis of our discussions and extensive field notes revealed that during the time participants cared for the garden, they developed: (a) A more accurate (refined) conceptualization of sustainability, (b) an appreciation for alternative and viable ways of producing food in urban settings, and (c) a stronger relationship with one another. In the end, involvement in the vertical garden project proved to be a powerful example of how science education can transform the livelihood of youth by expanding their views on human interconnectedness with all forms of life.