Version Of Self Research Articles

The role of feared possible selves in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A replication and extension in a clinical sample.

The feared possible self refers to an imagined version of self that one is afraid of being or becoming. Previous evidence has shown that dysfunctional reasoning (i.e., inferential confusion) is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, which is partially mediated by a feared self. However, the evidence is reliant on non-clinical samples and a general measure of the feared self. Using a cross-sectional design, the current study attempted to replicate and extend this literature in a sample clinically diagnosed with OCD (n = 350) to assess the pathway from inferential confusion to OCD symptoms when feared self is accounted for as a mediator, particularly the individual dimensions of feared self (i.e., corrupted, culpable, and malformed feared selves). Participants completed a structured clinical interview for DSM-5, as well as measures of inferential confusion (Dysfunctional Reasoning Processes Task), obsessive beliefs, feared self, OCD symptoms, and psychological distress. Inferential confusion directly, and indirectly through the feared corrupted self, affected OCD symptoms, even after adjusting for obsessive beliefs, psychological distress, and comorbidity. However, the feared culpable and malformed selves did not play a role in this pathway. The study underscores that the feared corrupted self links inferential confusion to OCD symptoms, translating to the need to consider both dysfunctional reasoning processes and this specific feared self in clinical settings when treating OCD. Furthermore, the study provides more support for the inference-based approach (IBA) to OCD.

Giving Journeys: The Role of Private Foundations

ABSTRACTThe giving journeys of individuals, relating to their life stories and life places, have been positioned in the literature as romanticized versions of self. This research adopts a theory of philanthropic identity narratives using a journey metaphor, and explores the role and journeys associated with establishing a giving structure in the form of a private foundation. Findings from interviews with managers and trustees of private philanthropic foundations undertaken in two phases, 7 years apart, show that establishing a foundation shifts the emphasis of a giving journey from being individual‐focused to philanthropy‐focused, facilitating a legacy of giving rather than self. This paper contributes to theoretical and practical understandings of philanthropic journeys by adding a foundation lens, highlighting the shift in emphasis between identity and action, where establishing a giving structure is less about an individual founder's identity and more about focused philanthropic activity, irrespective of what that particular focus may be.

Transforming professional identity of medical teachers in Pakistan by a certificate program in health professions education: a thematic analysis of reflective essays.

A teacher's professional identity development is a dynamic and continuous process that requires rigorous, longitudinal, faculty development initiatives which are designed to work on individual professional growth. Impact of such programs must be evaluated by qualitative means to identify the process of change; The purpose of our study was to investigate whether and how our thoughtfully designed 6-month certificate program has transformed the professional identity of medical teachers. The study was conducted in National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan using thematic analysis, wherein a weekly task of guided reflective writing, on Moodle, was given. Data was analyzed in six phases to achieve credibility and transferability. By analyzing 202 reflective writings, seven subthemes were identified which manifest transformation in certain aspects of identity of participants and grouped under three major themes. The seven subthemes represent transformative journey of participants and include recognizing millennial learners' dilemma, identifying learning gaps and overcoming barriers, discovering a newer version of self, alternative frame of thinking, transforming traditional classroom, conducive learning environment and Community of Practice. Three major themes identified were Awareness, Modeling and Socialization which represent three processes bringing transformation in participants. Our faculty development program has transformed certain aspects of professional identities of medical teachers by incorporating informal teaching strategies of experiential learning, professional socialization, reflections, and role modeling. Participants' beliefs and practices on teaching were challenged by giving a disorienting dilemma of millennial learners and learning theories. They underwent critical discourse with professional peers and mentors in community of practice, reflected on their traditional teaching practices, acquired new insight, underwent self-discovery, and introduced digitalization and interactive learning strategies within their classrooms.

Contesting the production of safer leisure spaces for queer youth: Addressing oppositional sexism and experiencing psychic affirmation

This manuscript unpacks some of the ways psychic affirmation (e.g. pleasure in one’s gender), heteronormativity, and oppositional sexism operated in recreation spaces that were intentionally designed to be exclusionary (i.e. safer) based on gender and sexual identities. After a genderplay workshop (e.g. using make-up and costuming), fifteen cisgender, non-binary, and transgender queer youth were interviewed and asked to speak about their experiences of gender in the everyday and at the workshop. Using Critical Thematic Analysis, findings show the workshop was a contested site of safety where norms of binary gender were upheld through mentor expectations of youth performance based on gender presentation while also allowing youth to experience a version of self (psychic affirmation). At home, transgender youth expressing oppositional gendered behavior was interpreted by guardians as an indication of a regretful transition rather than psychic affirmation which then influenced youth to question their own gender sincerity.

How Diary / Memoir / Poet Jane Compares With Social Media Jane

In this creative submission, presented via lyric essay, I examine/identify many aspects of persona, including ones developed through social media use, while writing poetry, in diary/memoir writing, in visual art, and in academic writing. This essay considers how my social media persona differs from the reality, as an autistic person, as expressed through memoir writing. The essay is divided into chapters, touching upon the persona as an asset, my dependence on social media, trivial online quizzes, and speaking truth through #hashtags. I wondered how much I might be trying to ‘sell’ myself to the world. I looked for differences in self as I shifted between personal memoir, Facebook and Twitter. Between those lines, I wonder if I have written the ‘real’ me. The notion of “researching your own life” (Forché & Gerard 2001, p. 45) is of interest to me and this essay concerns itself with who I might be on social media. If “a social media profile is meant to be a representation of an individual” (Humphrey 2017), am I speaking on behalf of myself? I would hope this essay reveals how important it is for an individual to ‘story’ themselves. In choosing excerpts from these versions of self, then placing them together, I discover where the truth of ‘me’ exists and reveal how I have found the courage / desire to understand life through the written word.

COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health among General Population of Gandaki Province

Introduction: Mental health problem is the big issues during Covid 19 pandemic so this study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health among general population of Gandaki province Methods: An Analytical cross sectional study was conducted from Nov/Dec 2021among 168 general population above 18 years of age.Nepali version of self reporting DASS 21 scale was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 version. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics chisquare & bivariate logistic regression was used for data analysis Results: Among the participants 29.8% had depression, 26.8% had anxiety and 16.1% had stress in varying severity from mild to extremely severe forms. There was signification association between depression and religion, marital status and educational status and there was association between anxiety and stress with marital status and occupation but there is no significant with other demographic variables. Bivariant regression models revealed unmarried respondents were 2.6 times more likely to have depressive symptoms, below Graduation educational status were 3 times more likely to have depressive symptoms. Unmarried respondents were 2.4 times more likely to have anxiety, in the same way unmarried respondents were 5 times more likely to have stress at 95 % CI i.e. pvalve <0.05. Conclusions: More than one fourth respondents was having depressive symptoms, anxious and near to one fifth was stressed so there should be increasing public awareness of mental health and coping strategies is essential to promote mental health to the general population of Gandaki province. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; mental health; general population.

Writing and Constructing the Self in Great Britain in the Long Eighteenth Century, ed. John Baker, Marion Leclair, and Allan Ingram.

<i>Writing and Constructing the Self in Great Britain in the Long Eighteenth Century</i>, ed. John Baker, Marion Leclair, and Allan Ingram.

The psychometric properties of the turkish version of self rated abilities for health practices scale in the gestational diabetes sample.

The Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices (SRAHP) scale is an instrument devised for measuring an individuals' beliefs about self-efficacy for conducting health promotion practices. Using a valid and reliable scale while measuring the individuals' beliefs about self-efficacy may contribute to manage GDM. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP) among women with GDM in Turkey. This psychometric study used a cross-sectional study design. To culturally validate the Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), different techniques were utilized such as the blind back-translation technique, experts' opinions of the translated version, pilot study that individuals have similar characteristics and are not included in the study. The construct validity of the scale was tested to the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Item-total and item-subscale total score, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and split-half reliability analyses were calculated for the internal reliability of the scale. The explained rate of variance was 50.7%, and confirmatory factor analysis concerning the results was acceptable and in good fit. The results showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.91, and for subscales 0.88, 0.83, 0.80, and 0.68, respectively. Spearman-Brown (0.81) and Guttman Split-Half coefficients (0.80) were satisfactory for the whole scale. Turkish translation of the SRAHP scale was determined theoretically based, culturally acceptable instrument for the self abilities in women with GDM.

Visual body-size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance.

Estimating the size of bodies is crucial for interactions with physical and social environments. Body-size perception is malleable and can be altered using visual adaptation paradigms. However, it is unclear whether such visual adaptation effects also transfer to other modalities and influence, for example, the perception of tactile distances. In this study, we employed a visual adaptation paradigm. Participants were exposed to images of expanded or contracted versions of self- or other-identity bodies. Before and after this adaptation, they were asked to manipulate the width of body stimuli to appear as 'normal' as possible. We replicated an effect of visual adaptation such that the body-size selected as most 'normal' was larger after exposure to expanded and thinner after exposure to contracted adaptation stimuli. In contrast, we did not find evidence that this adaptation effect transfers to distance estimates for paired tactile stimuli delivered to the abdomen. A Bayesian analysis showed that our data provide moderate evidence that there is no effect of visual body-size adaptation on the estimation of spatial parameters in a tactile task. This suggests that visual body-size adaptation effects do not transfer to somatosensory body-size representations.

Nutrition and COVID-19 – Preliminary Study on Knowledge and Practice Among General Population

ObjectivesThe focus of Lifestyle Medicine is mainly on non-communicable diseases however, for considerable part of 2020 and even into 2021, the word Covid-19 invaded the vocabulary unexpectedly, perturbed routine, and leaving us with some important lessons to be learned, as well with the realization that the campground of the LM definitely won't be the same either. The initial purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice of the lifestyle medicine principles (before, during, and with potential solutions for the after-crisis). Now as the crisis still continues in some parts, what we all might still need to learn and agree on is the importance of nutrition not only in relation to the NCDs, but even in a pandemic such as the present one.MethodsA simple questionnaire covering major areas in Lifestyle Medicine interventions, was distributed to a group of participants from the general public (diverse in terms of age, education, location), asking to review to their best ability their perception on issues in those areas. The Nutrition section focused mainly on dietary patterns.ResultsAbout 75% of the respondents reported to be “Healthy”, 64% having sedentary jobs, 75% being non-smokers and 58% non-drinkers. Nutrition area showed that: 91% are regularly home cooking, 60% are non-vegetarian, and 90% are using herbs and spices. Onion and Garlic in 80% of cases were the foods most used that offered the much needed protection (only 8% being at a point or another founded positive), and only 35% used supplements. The importance of staying informed, and that of eating more foods that optimize the immunity was recognized as important by 58% respectively 84% of the participants.ConclusionsIt might take time/effort making positive changes to get to the best version of self, but the facts look promising. Further study, on a larger number and more in depth evaluation would be definitely needed for validation. It was however encouraging seeing people dealing with crisis in an attitude of calm, responsibility and willingness to make positive changes, for the best benefit of their own health and of those around them.Funding SourcesNO

Youth Perspectives on Genderplay Recreation Programming: Insights and Critiques on Identity Development Theories

There is little research that details the key contributions of recreation programs that intentionally explore creativity and pleasure in the lives of queer youth. Eighteen 2SLGBTQ youth were interviewed after they participated in a genderplay workshop. Asked about their experiences, youth articulated that they garnered social assets such as access to queer community for the first time. Personal impacts included being able to use drag as a smokescreen to safely express versions of self, experiencing new parts of their personality because they were able to be vulnerable, and figuring out who they were and experiencing the resulting affirmations. Many youths in this study intentionally provoked their boundaries of comfort in an intentional effort of self-exploration. For example, cisgender-identified youth viscerally undertook a personal examination and then confirmed a cisgender identity after having considered other options; a more mature process to come to a gender or sexual identity.

Old Parameters/New Tricks: The place of celebrity journalism in persona construction (and what we might do about it).

Celebrity journalism is a founding discourse for the construction of persona. As the first mass-circulated media, journalism made celebrity a “very public form of discourse about the dimensions of what is public and what is private, and ultimately what is intimate” (Marshall 2014, p. xii). It created parameters for the construction and visibility of different facets of self-identity in public spheres (Connell 1992; Hartley 1996), which often perpetuate inequalities of social structures through offering narrow versions of self, for example against the priorities of capital (Littler 2004; Couldry 2000, 2002). This created an incessant focus on self-fulfilment through consumerism and display of consumption as if this was an accurate public reflection of who we are (Marshall 1997, 2010; deCordova 1990). As journalism naturalised and rationalised celebrity, together they created tools through which public personas became powerful cultural signifiers and props of the socio-economic and political systems in which we live. Celebrity journalism is a principal and founding characteristic of these systems, our collective understandings of self-identity within them, how we perform this to others, and the mediation of these things. As a genre, celebrity journalism ties together the contradictions of public and private dichotomies of capitalist democracies and humanises our place in it all. Journalism and celebrity helped develop the fabric of persona, establishing threads of politics and commerce, ordinary people made extraordinary through media rituals, interwoven public and private spheres, the constructions of reality and the celebration and contestation of new ideologies.

PRESENTING PERFECTION: CONSTRUCTING IDENTITY IN THE REHEARSAL STAGE OF ONLINE INTERACTION

Social media platforms such as Facebook have been understood to present new possibilities for interaction. Yet, there have been concerns surrounding the reducing quality of our interaction and conversation. Such debates, however, have not considered the pre-post dimension of online environments: that is, the preparatory work that occurs to online posts before they are shared with their audience. Based on real time recordings of Facebook Messenger interactions, this paper asks what the pre-post perspective tells us about the quality of our interactions online. The analysis is theoretically informed by Goffman and methodologically by conversation analysis and addresses this question with a focus on processes of identity construction. Specifically, this paper questions how the practice of pre-post editing (the editing of messages before sending) is used by users to represent self online and what this then tells us about the quality of our online talk. In presenting innovative screen capture data, this paper argues against claims that our interaction online is declining in quality instead showing the ways users perfect their online posts by elaborating a new stage of online communication: the ‘rehearsal’ stage. In doing this, this work reflects on the wider implications the affordance of pre-post editing has on users’ social media experiences questioning the impacts constructing ‘perfect lives’ has and the potential for creating ‘reduced’ versions of self within our online interactions.

TIKTOK AND THE “ALGORITHMIZED SELF”: A NEW MODEL OF ONLINE INTERACTION

Since its release in 2017, the video sharing app TikTok has been downloaded 1.5 billion times. While its popularity has been attributed to the abundance of celebrity users, its interactive features, and its short, palatable video length, it has been the subject of relatively few academic studies. This project employs the walkthrough method to examine TikTok within the context of identity negotiation and self-representation on social media. More specifically, it seeks to understand whether TikTok follows a precedent set by other Social Networking Sites which support users self-representing via sociability “to the network, via the network”; i.e. by interacting within the affordances of the platform, which may include sharing, liking, commenting, etc (Papacharissi, 2013). This model ostensibly offers users a stage where they may display their individuality and curate content that reflects their personal interests. By regularly using the app for a period of a month and collecting extensive field notes, screenshots, and video recordings, we found that TikTok’s version of sociality differs from that offered by other SNSs. While other sites purport to be a tool with which users may represent their identities, TikTok does away with this conceit by engendering a mode of sociality (through its design features and affordances) in which the crux of interaction is not between users and their social network, but between a user and what we call an “algorithmized” version of self. This finding has the potential to enrich and complicate the discourse surrounding online identity formation and sociality.

Percepção da qualidade do sono entre homens usuários do sistema único de saúde brasileiro em cidade do interior de São Paulo

Objetivo: descrever percepção da qualidade do sono de homens usuários do SUS de Bananal – São Paulo/Brasil e sua possível associação com fatores de estilo de vida e aspectos de saúde. Método: pesquisa epidemiológica observacional, seccional. Amostra composta de 370 homens, residentes em município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas, contendo versão reduzida do Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® 21. Resultados: percepção de sono ruim foi de 30%. Após aplicação de modelo de regressão logística múltipla binária, apresentaram associação para o desfecho hobby/lazer (RP= 1,789, IC95%=1,100-2,910); consumir drogas (RP= 2,016, IC95%=1,068-3,806); TMC (RP= 2,413, IC95%=1,251-4,654); diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão (RP= 1,701, IC95%=1,029-2,810); diagnóstico prévio de diabetes (RP= 1,707, IC95%=1,007-2,893); alimentar-se pouco (RP= 1,558, IC95%=1,130-2,148). Conclusão: foram observadas vulnerabilidades como a baixa escolaridade, desemprego e renda baixa. Também foi observada pouca busca por hábitos de prevenção em saúde e autocuidado, sedentarismo, hábitos alimentares irregulares, e busca pelos serviços de saúde para urgências, fatores que diminuem a qualidade de sono. Com os resultados apresentados, é possível promover uma melhoria na qualidade do atendimento aos homens.

Gym Training: To Trained Life; not Only for Fitness, Its Way of Living in Current Scenario to Creating Better Version of Self Through Regular Exercise During Novel Covid-19 Pandemic

Ajeet K Srivastava*1, Shikha Agnihotry2 and Pradeep Kumar Shukla3 Author Affiliations 1Research & Development Division (LuvLap), Universal Corporation Limited, India 2Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, India 3Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, India Received: April 17, 2020 | Published: May 01, 2020 Corresponding author: Ajeet K Srivastava,Research & Development Division (LuvLap), Universal Corporation Limited, Sector-47, Malibu Town, Gurugram-122018, India DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.27.004495

Queering Identity Politics in Shimon Adaf’s &lt;em&gt;Aviva-No&lt;/em&gt;

This article offers a queer reading of Shimon Adaf’s volume of poetry, Aviva-No (2009), analyzing it in conjunction with his recent collection of essays on identity formation, Ani aherim (I am others) (2018). Adaf’s oeuvre has been primarily studied through the lens of ethnicity and race. This article demonstrates that gender plays a key role in his body of work. Aviva-No, which is a lamentation for the poet’s sister, destabilizes the boundaries between the mourning brother and the absent sister. This ontological deconstruction stimulates in Aviva-No a broader undoing of gender as an embodied identity. The volume is replete with what I refer to as “plural bodies,” fictional figures who transgress binaries of gender, sexuality, and sex, by simultaneously inhabiting at least two points on the continuum between these poles. Moreover, through the mobilization of gender identity in Aviva-No, Adaf queers contemporary identity politics in Israel. This discourse, he maintains, forces the subject to narrow down her self-understanding to a set of predetermined attitudes and values, which results in the perpetuation of hostility between reified versions of self and others in Israeli society. Aviva-No counters the perilous project of solidifying identity by demonstrating the extent to which even sex, which points to bodily materiality, is a category that is not one

On Openings

This article responds to the edition 5:1 of Performance Research 'On Openings' edited by Ric Allsopp and David Williams in 2000. Reflecting on their proposition which constructs the opening 'as two-way flow, as dynamic reaching outwards, drawing inwards and back-wards, […] displac[ing] the directionalities of time, visuality and expectation', I explore the opening as a potential space of psychic movement and a portal through which we can imagine our future 'possible' selves. I propose that childhood imaginings of the future self that the subject might become, informed by popular culture and literary texts, are an example of the Lacanian 'Ideal-I'. Examples are drawn from Marion St John Webb's 1917 children's novel Knock Three Times, in which two children move through a magical opening in an oak tree to find a world where anything and any version of self is 'possible', Courtney Kessel's 2017 collaborative performance with her 13 year old daughter 'A Blessing, Wish or Spell for the Next Generation' that reflects on rites of passage rituals, and my own 2007 performance 'Ode to Morten Harket', a look back on my girlhood expectations of the kind of woman I would one day be.

Evidentiality in illness narratives

Abstract Narratives of severe mental illness can be regarded as the discursive efforts of a healthy self to restore a sense of selfhood disrupted by the illness. Focusing on a sample of 87 unsolicited online illness narratives of eating disorders in Spanish, this article explores how narrators deployed evidential constructions introduced by the perception verb “ver” (to see) to manage identity in the autobiographical telling. The analysis revealed that “ver” indexed information as coming from different sources (perception, mental states, inference). This evidential material was discursively evaluated (via the adoption of a specific epistemic stance) and applied to construe conflicting versions of self in the eating disorder narratives. Resorting to the evidential marking, narrators could rhetorically negotiate the transition from their perceptual self, created during the illness, to their cognitive self, elaborated in the recovery.

Calvinists and Lutherans: Contesting the European Reformation

Studies • volume 106 • number 424 431 Calvinists and Lutherans: Contesting the European Reformation Graeme Murdock A ‘Reformation’ tour of Dublin Dublin’s streets offer eloquent testimony to Ireland’s place in the history of the Reformation and to the city’s connections with developments in the mainstream of European religious life and culture. Some city centre churches have been abandoned in recent years as places of worship, but a sufficiently visible Christian presence remains to bear witness to Dublin’s long history of religious pluralism. Anglicans remain by far the most prominent among Protestant churches. However, from the middle decades of the seventeenth century Baptists also worshipped in Dublin, following the inspiration of early sixteenth century German, Czech and Dutch speaking communities. The city was also home to Presbyterians, following a reformed theology and ecclesiology developed in Zurich from the 1520s and in Geneva from the 1530s. There were also Quakers, worshipping from the 1690s in Eustace Street, with Presbyterians as near neighbours from the 1720s. If we walk from Meeting House Square to Nassau Street and then turn up one of the streets developed by Joshua Dawson, the Anglican church of St Ann’s offers a rather imposing nineteenth century neo-Romanesque façade. Arriving in St Stephen’s Green, in one corner stands a graveyard used by Dublin’s French Calvinist community from the latter decades of the seventeenth century. A Unitarian church from the 1860s stands in the opposite corner of the Green, representing a strain of thought revived by Italian, Polish and Hungarian intellectuals of the midsixteenth century. In the 1840s Methodists moved to the south side of St Stephen’s Green, worshipping in a neo-classical church built to mark the centenary of the conversion of the Wesley brothers. Turning down Earlsfort Terrace, we face an 1840s Palladian-inspired Presbyterian church. The Presbyterians have Lutherans for near neighbours onAdelaide Road in an 1860s church building. However, a Lutheran presence in Ireland had been established from the arrival of so-called Palatine Germans Calvinists and Lutherans: Contesting the European Reformation 432 Studies • volume 106 • number 424 in the early eighteenth century. Not far off, along Kevin Street, stands a 1760s church of the Moravians with their distinctive insignia of a lamb carrying a flag still visible. Moravians had endured a century of Catholic repression in their homeland, finding sanctuary from the 1720s at Herrnhut in Saxony thanks to Nikolaus von Zinzendorf. The roots of the Moravian church date back to the 1450s as a branch of the Utraquist movement known as the Unity of Brethren. The Brethren were inspired by the legacy of Jan Hus, who was burned as a heretic by the Council of Constance in 1415.1 One might argue, therefore, that, if we are considering the legacy of the Reformation after 500 years, we may (if Moravians are considered Protestants) have got our dates wrong. The Reformation’s unexpected legacy This brief tour of some of Dublin’s older Protestant churches provides a point of departure to discuss the theme of contesting the Reformation. Religious diversity was one of its clear consequences but it was an entirely unexpected legacy of Luther’s trouble-making about the sale of indulgences and papal authority from 1517. By January 1521 he had been excommunicated as a heretic in a papal bull. The Saxon electoral court argued that Luther should not be condemned without a hearing in front of the Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V instructed Luther to appear at the Diet of Worms. Pressed to revoke his opinions, according to the official transcript of the diet, Luther declared: ‘I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to act against conscience’. Perhaps, according to supporters, Luther may have added a final thought, ‘I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me. Amen’. He did not mean by these words to assert the right of individual freedom of conscience, and did not mean to suggest that conscience was some authentic inner version of self that struggles against externally-constructed norms. Rather...