Version Of Job Content Questionnaire Research Articles

Relationship between Job Stress and Fatigue Based on Job Demand-control-support Model in Hospital Nurses.

Background:This study aimed to examine nurses’ job stress based on Karasek's demand-control-support model and assess its relationship with different aspects of fatigue.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 522 nurses working in educational hospitals. Job stress dimensions and fatigue were measured by the Persian version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), respectively.Results:The results showed that psychological and physical job demands obtained high scores, but social support and decision latitude got low scores. MFI results indicated that the highest score was related to the general fatigue. Moreover, the results showed a significant positive relationship between psychological job demands and general fatigue, but a significant negative correlation to reduced activity.Conclusions:Considering the effects of job stress on nurses’ fatigue, it is necessary to develop a suitable interventional program for nurses in healthcare centers, especially hospitals, to decrease job stress and improve working conditions.

Perceived Occupational Stress is associated with Decreased Cortical Activity of the Prefrontal Cortex: A Multichannel Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study.

Despite an increasing number of reports on the associations between chronic occupational stress and structural and functional changes of the brain, the underlying neural correlates of perceived occupational stress is still not clear. Perceived stress reflects the extents to which situations are appraised as stressful at a given point in one’s life. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated the associations between perceived occupational stress and cortical activity over the bilateral frontotemporal regions during a verbal fluency test. Sixty-eight participants (17 men, 51 women), 20–62 years of age were recruited. Perceived occupational stress was measured using the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. We found statistically significant negative associations between occupational burnout and brain cortical activity over the fronto-polar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the VFT (r = −0.343 to −0.464). In conclusion, our research demonstrated a possible neural basis of perceived occupational stress that are distributed across the prefrontal cortex.

Effect of Education Modules on the Job Dissatisfaction of Teachers in Community-Based Rehabilitation Centres in Kelantan, Malaysia

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of a one and a half year educational intervention on the job dissatisfaction of teachers in 30 Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) centres in Kelantan, Malaysia, and to identify the factors influencing changes in job dissatisfaction following the intervention. Method: Ten educational modules were administered to the teachers. A validated Malay version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used pre intervention, mid intervention and post intervention. Result: Repeated Measure ANOVA revealed there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean of job dissatisfaction (p = 0.048). Multiple Linear Regression revealed that coworker support (β= 0.034 (95% CI = 0.009, 0.059)), having less decision authority (β: -0.023; 95% CI: -0.036, -0.01) and being single (β: -0.107; 95% CI: -0.176,-0.038) were significantly associated with decreases in job dissatisfaction. Conclusion: The intervention program elicited improvement in job satisfaction. Efforts should be made to sustain the effect of the intervention in reducing job dissatisfaction by continuous support visits to CBR centres.

Effect of maternal job strain during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment by gender at 6 and 12months: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study.

ObjectivesLimited evidence is available regarding the association between prenatal job strain and infant neurodevelopment. Most studies used stress indicators other than job strain to explain the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and child development. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between maternal job strain during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in infancy.MethodsMothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, an on-going prospective birth cohort study, has been conducted in South Korea since 2006. Job strain during pregnancy was measured using Korean version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Infant neurodevelopment was assessed using Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 343 mother-child pairs that completed JCQ and K-BSID-II more than once were included. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) defined in the K-BSID-II were used as outcome variables.ResultsCompared to infants from mothers with low job strain, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in PDI were found in infants from mothers with active and passive job at 6 months of age. After stratification by infant sex, boys in the high strain group had a lower MDI score than boys in the low job strain group at 12 months. On the other hand, girls in the high strain and active groups had higher MDI scores than girls in the low job strain group at 12 months. PDI at 12 months also showed different results by sex. Boys in the high strain and passive job groups had lower PDI scores than boys in the low job strain group. However, such difference was not observed in girls.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that prenatal job strain affects infant neurodevelopment in a gender-dependent manner.

Using social epidemiology and neuroscience to explore the relationship between job stress and frontotemporal cortex activity among workers

Mental health problems, such as depression, are increasingly common among workers. Job-related stresses, including psychological demands and a lack of discretion in controlling one’s own work environment, are important causal factors. However, the mechanisms through which job-related stress may affect brain function remain unknown. We sought to identify the relationship between job-related stress and frontotemporal cortex activation using near-infrared spectroscopy. Seventy-nine (45 females, 34 males) Japanese employees, aged 26–51 years, were recruited from respondents to the Japanese Study of Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood survey. Job-related stress was measured using the Japanese version of Job Content Questionnaire, which can index “job demand” and “job control”. We found a significant correlation between higher “job demand” and smaller oxygenated hemoglobin [oxy-Hb] changes in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in female (r = −.54 to −.44). Significant correlations between higher “job control” and greater [oxy-Hb] changes in the right temporal cortex were observed among male, and in the combined sample (r = .46–.64). This initial cross-sectional observation suggests that elevated job-related stress is related to decrease frontotemporal cortex activation among workers. Integrating social epidemiology and neuroscience may be a powerful strategy for understanding how individuals’ brain functions may mediate between the job-related stress or psychosocial work characteristics and public mental health.

Job stress dimensions and their relationship to musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian nurses

There is little data available on job stress dimensions and their relationship to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Iranian nurses. The objectives of this study were to investigate job stress dimensions and examine their relationship to MSDs among nurses of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) hospitals. In this cross-sectional study, 385~randomly selected nurses of SUMS participated. The Persian version of Job Content Questionnaire (P-JCQ) and Nordic MSDs questionnaire were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for data analysis. Decision latitude and social support dimensions had low levels, but psychological and physical job demands as well as job insecurity dimensions had high levels among the nurses. 89.9% of the subjects experienced some form of MSDs during the last 12 months. Lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problem reported (61.8%). Physical isometric loads was the only sub-scale that had significant relationship with MSDs. In the majority of cases, subjects were exposed to high levels of job stress. MSDs prevalence was high. Based on the results, any interventional program for MSDs prevention should focus on reducing physical and psychological job demands as well as increasing decision latitudes.

Occupational Stress in Nurses in Psychiatric Institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.

Measurement of psychosocial factors in work environment: application of two models of occupational stress

To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI) based on the Job Demand-Control Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model respectively. 928 health care workers in hospitals were investigated in this study. The self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the psychosocial work environment, including job demand, control, social support, extrinsic effort, reward, and overcommitment. Mean while, the internal consistency reliability, construct validity and criterion validity were evaluated. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for 6 scales were acceptable (0.56 approximately 0.82); factor analysis showed the close fitness with the theoretical constructs, though the "job demand" and "overcommitment" scales were still questioned; moreover, both demand-control and effort-reward imbalance were independently related to depressive symptom (OR: 1.63 approximately 2.64, P < 0.01), indicating the satisfactory criterion validity. Both Job Demand-Control Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model, with their relevant questionnaires were reliable and valid methods for measuring the psychosocial work environment and assessing the occupational stress among Chinese working population and further revision is necessary.

The Association between Job Demand, Control and Depression in Workplaces in Japan

Journal of Occupational HealthVolume 44, Issue 6 p. 427-428 Short CommunicationFree Access The Association between Job Demand, Control and Depression in Workplaces in Japan Kazuyo Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, Kazuyo Kitaoka-Higashiguchi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorHideaki Nakagawa, Hideaki Nakagawa Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYuko Morikawa, Yuko Morikawa Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMasao Ishizaki, Masao Ishizaki Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKatsuyuki Miura, Katsuyuki Miura Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYuchi Naruse, Yuchi Naruse Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama, Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorTeruhiko Kido, Teruhiko Kido Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, JapanSearch for more papers by this author Kazuyo Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, Kazuyo Kitaoka-Higashiguchi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorHideaki Nakagawa, Hideaki Nakagawa Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYuko Morikawa, Yuko Morikawa Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMasao Ishizaki, Masao Ishizaki Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorKatsuyuki Miura, Katsuyuki Miura Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorYuchi Naruse, Yuchi Naruse Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama, Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorTeruhiko Kido, Teruhiko Kido Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 March 2003 https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.44.427Citations: 11 Correspondence to: K. Kitooko, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Tsu 7-1 Nakanuma, Takamatsu-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 929-1212, Japan AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1RA Karasek: Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Adm Sci Quart 24, 285– 308 (1979) 2J De Jonge, MMEN Reuvers, ILD Houtman and MAJ Kompier: Linear and nonlinear relations between psychosocial job characteristics, subjective outcomes, and sickness absence: Baseline results from SMASH. J Occup Health Psychol 5, 256– 268 (2000) 3Karasek R. Job content questionnaire and user's guide. 1985—Revision 1.1. Lowell (MA): University of Massachusetts, Department of Work Environment, 1985. 4N Kawakami, F Kobayashi, S Araki, T Haratani and H Furui: Assessment of job stress dimensions based on the Job Demands-Control model of employees of telecommunication and electric power companies in Japan: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Job Contend Questionnaire. Int J Behav Med 2, 358– 375 (1995) 5N Kawakami and Y Fujigaki: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of Job Content Questionnaire: Replication and extension in computer company employees. Ind Health 34, 295– 306 (1996) 6WWK Zung. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiat 12, 63– 70 (1965) 7Fukuda K, Kobayashi S. Japanese version SDS (self-rating depression scale): Manual. Kyoto (Japan): Sankyobou, 1983. 8Karasek R, Theorell T. Healthy work. New York (NY): Basic Books, 1990. 9JV Johnson and EM Hall: Job strain, work place social support and cardiovascular disease: A cross sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. Am J Public Health 78, 1336– 1342 (1988) Citing Literature Volume44, Issue6November 2002Pages 427-428 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Effects of job strain on helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) and suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells in Japanese blue-collar workers.

The effects of job strain on helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells and suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells are not clear. The subjects were 65 male blue-collar workers in a chemical plant in Japan. Perceived job stressors were assessed using the Japanese version of Job Content Questionnaire, i.e., job demands, job control, supervisor support and coworker support. Blood samples were taken from these subjects, and number and percentage of total lymphocytes were calculated for total T cells, helper (CD4+) T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells and suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells using the double-staining fluorescence. Job control significantly and positively correlated with number and percentage of helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells, after controlling for age, number of cigarettes per day and blood lead concentration (Spearman's partial correlation, p < 0.05), while job demands, supervisor support or coworker support did not (p > 0.05). The job strain index, i.e., the ratio of job demands to job control, significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells (p < 0.05). None of the job stress scales significantly correlated with number or percentage of suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells (p > 0.05). It is suggested that higher job strain or lower job control is associated with a decrease in helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells in Japanese blue-collar workers.